掺镱（Yb3+）双包层光纤激光器的数值分析

通过对速率方程的求解,得到了掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器的输出功率表达式■。利用Matlab软件对其进行了数值模拟,分析了泵浦波长、泵浦功率、光纤长度、光纤掺杂浓度、输出腔镜对激光器输出功率的影响。结果表明,用915 nm和975 nm进行泵浦时所需的最佳光纤长度是不相同的,掺杂浓度对光纤长度的最佳值也存在影响,输出腔镜的反射率应尽量小,合理地最优化系统参数能使掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器输出功率达到最优。     

1.3μm氟化物光纤受激辐射和放大的研究

用氩离子激光器作激励源，实验证实了氟化物玻璃光纤１．３μｍ的光辐射，给出了相应的理论模型。根据光纤中原子和电场相互作用原理，计算了掺镨和掺钕两种氟化物光纤的激励效率、增益和饱和输出特性，为１．３μｍ光纤放大器的应用提供了实验和理论设计依据。     

掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器的输出特性分析

基于激光器稳态速率方程理论,分析了掺Yb3 双包层光纤激光器的输出特性,讨论了谐振腔结构、泵浦方式以及在近阈值和强泵浦情况下,输出反射镜的反射率对输出功率的影响。通过数值计算分析可知,对于F-P腔结构的双包层光纤激光器,采用后向泵浦比采用前向泵浦获得的输出功率大,增益分布也较后者平坦;在近阈值情况下进行泵浦,输出耦合镜有一个最佳反射率,使输出功率达到最大。一般反射率应取在0.4~0.7之间,但在强泵浦情况下,输出反射镜的反射率越低越好。同时还发现,由于光纤对激光存在着再吸收,因此在一定的泵浦功率下,增益介质长度存在一个最佳长度值,使输出功率达到最大。一般光纤应在70~90 m之间。     

Pr~(3+)∶ZBLAN光纤中4f5d能级上转换激发

利用粒子数速率方程和有关的辐射跃迁理论,计算模拟了Pr3+∶ZBLAN光纤中Pr3+离子4f5d能级频率上转换激发的动力学过程.在不同Pr3+浓度下,研究了抽运功率的纵向分布和有效光纤长度随抽运功率的变化关系,给出抽运效率与抽运功率的变化关系.通过计算各能级的粒子数密度,给出可能与4f5d组态形成布居数反转的4f2能级.     

ScnN(n=2～12)团簇的磁性和热容量研究

基于第一性原理,在密度泛函理论框架下,用广义梯度近似方法计算了团簇ScnN(n=2～12)的总磁矩Mt、与N原子最近邻的Sc原子的局域磁矩MSc、掺杂原子N的局域磁矩MN.从原子相互作用角度出发,应用统计物理理论,计算了团簇ScnN的磁矩和热容量,研究了它们随温度的变化规律.结果表明:ScnN团簇的磁性与团簇的构型、原子相互作用、磁性粒子间的磁相互作用、团簇中的Sc原子数n有关.总磁矩随Sc原子数n呈波动性变化,当n=3,8,9,11,12时,总磁矩为零,团簇的磁性消失;当n=2,4,5,6,7,10时,团簇表现为铁磁性,其中当n=6时,团簇的磁性最强.ScnN团簇的磁矩随温度升高而减小,其变化趋势与块状磁体类似.温度较低时,磁相互作用产生的热容量CM随温度升高而增大,在某温度附近取极大值;原子相互作用产生的热容量CV在温度较低时与温度成正比,和块状磁体的CV与温度的三次方成正比不同;在对团簇的热容量的贡献中,原子相互作用占主要.     

损耗对双折射光纤中孤子相互作用的影响

利用变分原理了有损耗的情况下双折射光纤中孤子间的相互作用，发现损耗减弱了孤子间的相互作用，但同时使光纤中继间隔缩短，这就为实际应用中如何控制孤子间的相互作用了一定理论依据。     

钒掺杂碲化锌团簇结构和磁性质

本文采用第一性原理密度泛函理论系统地研究了V原子单掺杂和双掺杂(ZnTe)12团簇的结构和磁性质.我们考虑了替代掺杂、外掺杂和内掺杂.不管是单掺杂还是双掺杂,外掺杂团簇都是最稳定结构.团簇磁矩主要来自V-3d态的贡献,4s和4p态也贡献了一小部分磁矩.由于轨道杂化,相邻的Zn和Te原子上也产生少量自旋.V原子之间的磁性耦合是短程相互作用.     

Pr３＋∶ZBLAN光纤中4f5d能级上转换激发

利用粒子数速率方程和有关的辐射跃迁理论， 计算模拟了Pr^３＋∶ZBLAN光纤中Pr^３＋离子4f5d能级频率上转换激发的动力学过程. 在不同Pr^３＋浓度下， 研究了抽运功率的 纵向分布和有效光纤长度随抽运功率的变化关系， 给出抽运效率与抽运功率的变化关系. 通过 计算各能级的粒子数密度， 给出可能与4f〖KG*9〗5d组态形成布居数反转的4f ²能级.     

掺铥光纤激光器结构与特性研究

随着光纤通信技术的不断发展,光纤激光器已经成为通信技术中的一个研究热点。光纤激光器是第三代激光技术发展的成果,并且在全光纤通信中起着核心的作用。对掺铥光纤激光器的结构与特性进行了研究,探讨了掺杂稀土离子铥的光纤的增益性质,分析了铥离子的能级结构与辐射特性,建立了粒子速率方程,讨论了掺杂铥离子的浓度对光纤长度的影响,进行了仿真实验。探讨了光纤光栅的特点,分析了Bragg光栅构造光学谐振腔的功能,光纤Bragg光栅是制造全光纤激光器的关键元件。最后论述了掺铥光纤激光器在不同领域的应用。     

基于能量传递的Pr3+:Ce3+:ZBLAN光纤中上转换激光器的研究

在Pr3+:Ce3+:ZBLAN光纤中,研究了Pr3+的4f5d上转换激发后向Ce3+的5d能级进行能量传递产生激光的可行性.考虑了以1D2为上转换中间能级的最佳泵浦方案,利用相关实验数据建立了粒子数速率方程和传播方程.经过数值计算表明:在此光纤中利用Pr3+向Ce3+的能量传递过程中,能够产生以Ce3+的5d能级为工作能级的激光振荡;最佳光纤长度为0.2m;输出镜的最佳反射率为70%～90%;阈值泵浦功率在20W以上.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the