基于模极大值与希尔伯特结合的TOA估计

传统的TOA(time of arrival)算法仅在高信噪比情况下才能获得较高精度的估计,为弥补现有估计算法的不足,提出了一种新的基于模极大值与包络提取结合的TOA估计算法。该算法首先利用小波模极大值对多径信号去噪,然后运用希尔伯特变换,对去噪后信号进行包络提取,选取第一个包络的峰值作为TOA估计值。仿真结果显示,与小波阈值相比,小波模极大值与希尔伯特结合的TOA估计误差更小。算法简单有效,实现了低信噪比下的高精度估计。     

多用户多径环境下DOA估计算法研究

针对移动通信中多用户多径环境下的DOA估计问题，提出利用CARE算法求出各用户的空间循征矢量，进而利用基于对称阵列的改进MUSIC算法求出各用户对应多径信号DOA的联合算法，仿真结果表明：结合CARE算法，基于对称阵列的改进MUSIC算法能自动对多用户的DOA进行分组，并能对每个用户的多径相干信号进行DOA估计，不需要做平滑计算，不需要判断多径信号的个数，不增加计算量。     

基于非线性最小二乘算法的超宽带TOA估计

研究室内密集多径信道环境下的超宽带到达时间(TOA)估计技术.提出一种改进的门限比较TOA估计算法,利用非线性最小二乘算法同时估计多径延时和幅度,采用迭代算法提高参数估计精度,根据判决门限比较结果终止多径搜索过程并估计出TOA.分析该算法在室内多径信道模型中的性能,给出门限的设置方案.仿真结果表明,在不同的信噪比下设置合理的判决门限后,该算法具有较高的估计精度,能够满足精确定位需求.     

CDMA移动用户多径时延的盲估计

提出了一种将MUSIC算法推广应用于CDMA移动台进行多径时延估计的新方法。该方法结合用户的特征序列,不需要导频信号,直接对接收的用户信号进行时延估计,为处于小区边界的用户同时利用几个基站发射的信号实现多径分集、改善性能创造了条件。     

CDMA系统中应用码滤波方法的波束形成技术

根据CDMA系统信号模型和多径信道模型，运用码滤波方法对CDMA系统用户信号及其多径信号导引向量进行估计．运用这些估计得到的导引向量设计零陷指向波束形成器，使波束形成器方向图零点指向非期望用户及其多径信号到达方向，从而达到抑制CDMA系统中多径传输和多址干扰带来的的影响。     

TH-PPM UWB信噪比的估计方法

TH.PPM UWB(Time Hopping.Pulse Position Modulation Ultra Wide Band)系统利用基于能量比较的TOA(Time of Arrival)估计算法可以提供很高的定位精度,但该算法需要知道准确的信噪比.针对此问题,提出了一种在多径条件下利用相关器的输出信号进行信噪比估计的方法.仿真结果表明,该方法具有很高的估计性能,并且数据量越大,估计的性能越好.     

基于卡尔曼滤波器消除NLOS影响的移动定位

为了克服非视距信号（NLOS）对移动定位的影响，提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波器的平滑技术．首先对到达时间（TOA）测量数据进行周期性的NLOS环境判决标识，然后根据不同结果利用不同形式的卡尔曼滤波对TOA测量数据进行平滑．将处理后的TOA代入到TDOA算法中进行定位估计．后面的跟踪虽然不能提高定位的精度，但可以平滑移动轨迹．仿真表明，该技术可以达到FCC对定位服务的要求．     

自适应遗传算法抑制复杂短时延Galileo BOC(1,1)多径

针对传统GPS多径抑制算法无法在复杂短时延多径情况下准确估计出Galileo BOC(1,1)多径信号,提出一种隐含多径数量参数的多径模型,并构造自适应遗传算法对实际多径信号进行估计.当实际多径参数变化不大时,引用上次估计的多径参数,直到多径模型发生较大变化时,再启动遗传算法进行多径估计.城市峡谷中多径信号频繁消失和出现,而文算法中隐含对消失多径信号的估计,当消失的多径信号再次出现时,可以快速获得多径估计模型.本算法对于BOC(1,1)多径信号估计更加准确,有效地减小复杂短时延多径环境下每个通道的伪距测量误差,从而提高了Galileo接收机的定位精度,并且在一定程度上减小了计算量.     

一种用于井下人员定位的TOA定位算法研究

介绍了煤矿井下无线信道的特点和TOA定位的两种数学模型。在没有NLOS影响下,用Matlab软件仿真了TOA的LLOP-LS算法和类Fang的TOA定位算法在井下巷道人员定位的情况,提出了一种用于井下人员定位的同时估计人员位置和信号发射时间的TOA定位算法。并对此算法进行了仿真,验证了其有效性。     

基于动态阈值检测的UWB测距算法

对于高时间分辨率的超宽带(ultra wideband,UWB)信号来说,在测距应用中主要通过估计信号到达时间(time of arrival,TOA)来计算距离。文章提出了一种基于动态阈值检测的TOA估计算法以提高测距精度并降低算法复杂度。对接收方收到的匹配滤波输出脉冲进行峰值检测,确定直达单径(direct path,DP)的检测区间;设定一个能够反映出信号和信道特性的联合度量参数,根据该参数的不同设置相应的最佳阈值因子,在检测区间中通过阈值检测搜索DP精确位置对应的时刻,得到TOA的估计值。仿真采用IEEE802.15.4a标准信道,其结果表明所提算法适用于不同信噪比和延时特性的信道,并兼顾运算复杂度与算法精度。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme