基于遗传算法的带内流低阻车身气动优化

通过建立18个参数的参数化模型,并开发了基于遗传算法的全局优化方法,展开带内流的车身气动优化,获得了气动阻力系数为0.261的低阻优化外形.比较最优车身的仿真和试验结果发现,气动阻力系数仅相差4%,表面压力系数和不同截面速度分布趋势相同、量值相差较小,表明所采用数值仿真方法是正确、可行的.利用本征正交分解对车身尾部截面流场进行能量分解发现,前9阶模态占总能量的54.5%;能量占比最高的1阶模态呈现出尾部拖曳涡的形态,并且拖曳涡的涡核位置不随时间变化而变化.建立了带内流的全局优化方法,获得了经试验验证的带内流低阻车身,为相关产品开发提供借鉴方法和外形参考.     

基于主断面参数的车身结构刚度链快速求解

在刚度链计算模型中直接利用真实主断面参数快速求解,是车身结构刚度链设计方法必须解决的关键问题.在建立和完善轿车车身弯曲静刚度链计算模型的基础上,以刚度链节点参数可控和工程化为目标,建立了刚度链节点参数与主断面截面属性参数的对应关系,研究了利用极坐标法控制真实主断面形状的参数化方法,以及由单一变量控制的复杂截面属性计算方法,实现了刚度链节点属性的参数化计算和刚度链模型计算参数的工程化,为基于真实主断面结构形状的车身静刚度优化分配研究打下了基础.最后用一个车身轻量化优化计算实例验证了研究方法的可行性.     

基于“草图跟踪”的复杂曲面设计方法

介绍了基于原有产品图片资料的三维重建方法,即根据被仿制车型的图片资料,从二维信息中提取三维信息,在三维空间中重新构造出二维信息所对应的三维形体,重构汽车外形主模型的建模方法·利用CATIA软件中的草图跟踪模块,在3D视角中引入实际车身大小外形草图图像,作为构建车身三维几何模型的基础,依据现有参数化曲面理论和应用软件曲面造型方法,结合产品的外形情况,采用曲面分块车身建模方法,对车身建模和创新设计过程中涉及的关键技术进行了分析·     

电动车全铝框架式车身拓扑分析及参数化优化方法

针对电动车全铝框架式车身优化时应当兼顾多种类型的型材和板材变量的问题,提出一种基于拓扑优化及隐式参数化模型的集成多目标优化方法。为了获得材料分布及载荷传递合理的框架式车身结构作为后续多目标优化的参考,概念设计阶段对原车身进行拓扑优化设计。基于拓扑优化结果建立车身隐式参数化模型,并利用参数化模型建立响应面近似模型以实现全铝框架式车身多目标优化的自动流程化。结果表明,全铝框架式车身在各项性能保持在目标范围的前提下减重11.9%。因此,基于拓扑优化及隐式参数化模型的集成多目标优化方法能够有效提高全铝框架式车身轻量化优化的效率和准确性。     

轿车车身强度及刚度有限元分析

为了便于修改和调整轿车整车的有限元模型,提高有限元模型生成速度,对轿车车身和车架的强度和刚度进行有限元分析。应用参数化曲面造型技术、参数化变量技术实现整车的映射网格自动剖分,应用薄壳单元和厚壳单元模拟车身和车架,建立了全板壳单元轿车车身骨架有限元计算模型。采用映射网格单元来分析计算,优化处理存储数据,使得车身、车架变形和应力分布的分析计算速度更快、精度更高,并且获得更好的分析结果。在弯曲、扭转工况下对轿车车身进行强度、刚度分析,计算出变形和应力最大部位,并依据最大应力区,提出改进方案,降低了最大应力。     

阻挫磁性链中自旋流体二聚化相变点计算的一个有效方法

应用双时格林函数这一有效的方法,考虑自旋为S=1／2的海森堡反铁磁链中最近邻和次近邻的作用,通过使用简单的退耦近似——无规相近似,解析地计算得到了低维阻挫系统由自旋流体向二聚化转变的临界值为αc=0.242.计算方法简单,计算结果与其它理论结果一致.     

基于刚度链的纯电动汽车车身主断面优化设计

基于梁单元车身简化几何模型建立以主断面为节点的车身静态和动态刚度链数学模型,研究电动车车身主断面属性与刚度以及模态的关系;以车身刚度、模态为约束条件,以车身质量最小为目标函数进行多目标优化,并利用遗传算法求解,得到同时满足静态刚度和频率特性要求的电动汽车车身主断面属性参数。建立对应的车身骨架有限元模型计算刚度及模态,并与刚度链优化结果进行对比分析。对比分析结果验证了本文研究方法的合理性和有效性。     

隐式参数化白车身多目标协同优化设计

利用参数化建模软件SFE-CONCEPT建立了某轿车白车身的参数化模型,用仿真方法分析了白车身的静态弯扭刚度、主要低阶模态频率并与试验对比,再将白车身与动力总成、底盘连接后,对整车正碰性能进行仿真分析,并与试验对比,验证了所建参数化白车身的有效性.由于安全性分析属于非线性分析,传统优化方法通常需要人工介入,无法实现优化流程的全自动化.通过编写批处理文件,提取安全性能指标,实现白车身结构轻量化优化流程的自动化.白车身结构轻量化优化后弯曲刚度提升0.15%,扭转刚度降低0.03%,一阶扭转模态频率提高1.30%,一阶弯曲模态频率提高0.09%,碰撞安全性能基本不变的情况下,白车身质量降低24.17kg,减重率高达7.42%,取得了显著的轻量化效果.      

基于概念设计的客车车身结构设计与优化系统

针对客车车身结构概念设计的特点，开发了客车车身结构概念设计与优化系统（简称BCD），建立了参数化的客车车身结构概念模型.以该模型为模板，实现了新客车车身结构概念几何模型的创建和车身尺寸参数调整，同时建立了车身系统的静态刚度分析、低阶模态分析、灵敏度计算和优化设计计算的自动化过程，对车身的结构性能和低阶模态进行了有效的预估.最后，本文使用该系统计算了某客车车身结构的刚度和低阶模态，并在保证车身质量降低的情况下实现了刚度和低阶模态的提高，有效的改善该车身结构性能，实现了车身轻量化，验证了BCD系统的有效性和可靠性.     

承载式车身结构局部改型的快速耦合参数化优化设计

针对局部改型结构建立参数化模型,并与其余有限元模型耦合,生成车身结构局部参数化耦合模型.根据性能验证该快速耦合参数化建模的可靠性以及基于该方法所建立模型优化设计的合理性.车身局部参数化耦合模型的建模准确度较高,通过试验设计及径向基函数建立的近似模型能够较好地预测车身耦合模型的性能,利用混合方法多目标优化算法求解设计变量,可实现多目标的优化设计.故快速耦合参数化优化方法在满足设计有效性同时可节省建模时间、提高优化效率.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。