缝洞型潜山油藏储量计算方法研究

缝洞型潜山油藏具有特殊的储集类型和特征,其饱和度参数解释、有效厚度划分、储层平面分布的确定是储量计算中的难题。利用成像、核磁共振测井资料,对东部的埕岛油田埕北30块缝洞型潜山油藏,定量描述其裂缝、计算裂缝孔隙度和解释含油饱和度,将测井与地震资料相结合,确定井点以外储量参数分布;对西部的塔河油田塔3,4块油藏,针对缝洞型油藏的储量不确定性,采用容积法、动态法、概率统计法多种方法计算储量,并给出了储量的期望值。通过对东、西部缝洞型潜山油藏采用的不同储量计算方法对比分析,形成了一套适合于该类油藏储量参数研究和储量计算的方法。经过开发井资料进一步证实,该方法计算的储量具有较高的精度。     

基于蚂蚁体的“相”控地质建模

任丘潜山雾迷山组碳酸盐岩油藏具有构造断裂系统复杂、油藏纵横向各向异性强的特点,其储集空间复杂,由孔隙、裂缝及溶洞组成,储层的发育程度主要受裂缝控制.如果采用传统的方法建立该油藏的三维地质模型,即从测井解释的物性参数出发应用随机建模方法进行模拟,无法反映出油藏复杂缝洞系统的几何特性,所建模型不能很好地体现储层的展布特征.已有研究表明基于地震资料的蚂蚁属性体可以全面地展现油藏断裂系统的空间分布.因此,基于蚂蚁属性体与成像测井资料建立该油藏的"裂缝发育相",进而进行裂缝发育相控建模.储量及储层参数检验表明该方法建立的地质模型与实际更为吻合,突破了传统意义上的相控建模方法,对缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层的三维地质建模具有良好的推广作用.     

利用测井资料识别变质岩潜山孔洞缝储层

探讨利用测井资料结合地震研究进行变质岩储层识别的方法.通过对渤海湾地区古潜山地层的综合研究,利用已钻井的常规及成像测井资料进行潜山的储层评价,与地震的弹性参数相结合确定了裂缝型储层有效厚度的下限值,从测井角度识别变质岩裂缝性储层孔、洞、缝.测井的电性、物性参数与地震的弹性参数相结台能够有效识别变质岩潜山孔洞缝储层.     

容积法储量计算中确定原始含油饱和度的常用方法研究——以A油田X区长2油层组为例

原始含油饱和度是容积法计算石油地质储量的一个重要参数,其准确与否影响着储量计算的精度。为求取油藏的原始含油饱和度,以A油田X区长2油层组为例,综合应用岩心分析测试、试油及测井等各项资料,详细介绍了密闭取心分析法、压汞法、相渗法和测井解释法确定原始含油饱和度时的各类图版及具体计算方法。长2油藏的原始含油饱和度计算结果,密闭取心分析法47.4%,压汞法48.3%,相渗法47.5%,测井解释法47.2%,测井解释计算值与岩心分析值误差不大,可以用于储量计算。研究为储量计算确定原始含油饱和度提供借鉴。     

碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层地球物理响应特征及预测方法研究

针对碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层非均质性强、预测难度大的特点, 综合利用岩芯、成像测井和地震等资料, 对渤海湾盆地Z地区下古生界奥陶系碳酸盐岩潜山油藏进行储层地球物理响应特征分析和预测方法研究。提出基于裂缝响应属性的储层预测方法, 在分频、振幅、相干、波阻抗等多种地震属性分析方法的试验基础上, 有针对性地采用改进后的基于线性图像增强的本征值相干预测方法, 预测出该区下古生界奥陶系潜山缝洞储层发育带和下一步井位部署主要潜力区。指出Z地区主要发育北东向、北西向和近南北向裂缝, 缝洞发育区主要分布在Z9井区、Z37井区、Z21井区和Z13井区。预测结果与已有钻井资料吻合程度较高, 取得良好的效果。该方法对同类碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏的研究具有较好的指导意义。     

准噶尔盆地PX地区石炭系火山岩储层储量参数研究

准噶尔盆地车排子地区石炭系火山岩油藏勘探取得重要发现,但针对该区的火山岩储层尚未开展系统的储量参数研究。综合运用岩心、岩屑、试油、测井和地震资料,采用岩性约束"孔隙-裂缝"双介质模型方法,对准噶尔盆地PX井区石炭系火山岩岩性、储集空间及储层储量参数进行分析,并针对不同岩相建立火山岩双介质储层物性参数定量解释模型,定量计算火山岩储层的物性参数和含油饱和度。结果表明:研究区火山作用形成的岩石主要有凝灰岩、火山角砾岩、玄武岩和安山岩,可划分为爆发相、溢流相及火山沉积相3种岩相类型;孔隙和裂缝是准噶尔盆地PX井区重要的储集空间,测井综合识别裂缝方法适用于火山岩裂缝型储层预测;岩性约束的"孔隙-裂缝"双介质模型适用于火山岩储层储量参数的优选和储量计算。     

埕岛地区埕北20潜山带裂缝类型、发育期次及控制因素

依据岩心观察和薄片分析并应用潜山测井解释模型,揭示埕岛地区埕北20潜山带的裂缝类型及测井响应特征;通过应用碳氧同位素特征判定方法对其裂缝的发育期次进行划分,并依据区域岩性、构造应力场及断层活动分析,对潜山裂缝的发育控制因素进行剖析。结果表明:埕北20潜山带主要发育风化破裂缝和构造破裂缝两种类型;风化破裂缝为网状缝,以高角度为主,分布于不整合面下脆性地层中,构造破裂缝多为斜交缝,形成于拉张和挤压双重构造环境中;两种裂缝在测井响应上均表现出扩径、声波时差增大、低电阻率的特征;裂缝发育主要经历了3个期次,以印支期发育为主,形成了加里东—海西期风化缝、印支期构造缝和燕山期—喜山期拉张缝;裂缝形成受上覆岩性、构造应力场、断层活动等多种因素控制,一般发育在灰岩、白云岩等脆性岩石中,且在无上覆石炭-二叠系砂泥地层覆盖区,或构造应力高值区、断裂带集中发育区。     

缝洞型油藏试井解释方法在塔河油田的应用

结合塔河油田的实际地质资料,建立了裂缝和溶洞-井筒连通的试井解释模型和相应的数学模型.提出了利用遗传算法进行缝洞型油藏试井自动拟合的解释新方法,并编制了一套缝洞型油藏试井解释软件.运用本文研究方法及所编制的软件准确地解释了塔河油田多口井的测试资料,并综合试井解释结果成功预测出了储层缝洞发育分布.     

复杂潜山储集层厚度的一种计算方法

潜山油藏一般具有地质结构复杂多变、储集层横向非均质性严重等特点 ,在计算地质储量时很难求准、求精储集层厚度。作者针对埕北古 10 0潜山古生代地层垂向保留少、横向变化大、井间又难于对比的情况 ,通过综合分析建立地质模型 ,制作高精度的合成地震记录 ,准确标定潜山储集层 ,利用地震资料横向密集和连续的优势 ,应用测井约束波阻抗反演技术 ,比较好地求取了储量计算范围内的潜山储集层厚度 ,为储量计算打下了基础。     

碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏井间连通性的示踪剂监测——以塔河油田T402注采井组为例

塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏的储集体以分布非常复杂的缝、洞、孔为主,连续性差,非均质性强,这类油藏裂缝-溶洞复合存在,底水十分发育,没有统一的油水界面,井间连通性极大地影响注水、注气措施的有效性。对此,探究了示踪剂监测确定缝洞型油藏井间连通性的原理、方法,以及参数优选等问题,计算了水线推进速度和注入水分配系数。通过对塔河油田T402注采井组连通性评价分析表明,应用示踪剂监测确定缝洞油藏的井间连通性是一种十分有效的方法。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.