考虑劣化效应与支护时机的深埋软岩隧道变形分析

深埋软岩隧道的围岩变形与其自身参数劣化、流变特性及支护结构施作时机等密切相关.借助建立的深埋软岩圆形隧道复合式衬砌力学模型,在考虑塑性区围岩强度参数(黏聚力、内摩擦角)和刚度参数(弹性模量)的劣化效应后,基于统一强度准则得到了复合式衬砌支护结构各个支护阶段的围岩黏弹塑性解析式.研究结果表明：适当考虑中间主应力及围岩强度参数、刚度参数的劣化效应后,得到的变形量与深埋软岩隧道围岩的实际变形量吻合效果更好;残余黏聚力、残余内摩擦角、残余弹性模量对围岩瞬时变形、后期蠕变变形、二次衬砌支护抗力影响均较大,而且取值越小时围岩变形量与所需二次衬砌支护抗力越大;增加锚杆长度、缩小锚杆间距、增大初支厚度能有效控制围岩瞬时变形和后期蠕变变形;二次衬砌的施作时机对围岩后期蠕变变形影响较大,围岩瞬时变形结束后尽快施作二次衬砌可以有效控制围岩后期蠕变变形.     

高地应力软岩隧道内层的初期支护施作时机

高地应力软岩隧道由于变形持续时间长、变形量大,隧道初期支护多采用双层结构。如果内层初期支护施作过早,支护结构承受形变压力会过大,容易导致支护开裂失效,如果施做太迟则围岩容易失稳。因此,确定内层初期支护合理施作时机十分重要。依托渭武高速公路木寨岭隧道2号斜井工程,采用现场监测和数值模拟相结合的方法对隧道内层初期支护合理施作时机进行研究。结果表明,在2号斜井的围岩条件下,上台阶外层钢架施作7.2~14.4米（6~12榀）间施作内层初期支护最合理。     

黏弹性条件下大跨度公路黄土隧道二次衬砌施作时机

为研究大跨度公路黄土隧道二次衬砌施作时机,以神府(神木—府谷)高速公路墩梁隧道为依托,采用现场测试、数值模拟和理论分析相结合的方法,首先对隧道拱顶变形进行现场测试,揭示其变形规律,提出了基于隧道二次衬砌安全临界状态的最佳施作时机计算方法;其次根据黏弹性条件下隧道围岩变形理论公式,结合现场监测数据反演分析得到围岩Kelvin模型流变参数;最后利用提出的最佳施作时机计算方法和Kelvin流变模型,通过数值模拟研究了黏弹性条件下大跨度黄土隧道二次衬砌最佳施作时机。结果表明:大跨度公路黄土隧道变形经历急剧变形、持续变形和缓慢变形3个阶段,各阶段产生的沉降值分别为最大沉降值的67.7%,21.7%和10.6%;Kelvin模型中蠕变参数黏性元件黏滞系数η为2.75×10~(14) kPa·s,与黏性元件串联的弹簧元件弹性模量E_1为138.3 MPa,与黏性元件并联的弹簧元件弹性模量E_2为321.5 MPa;大跨度公路黄土隧道Ⅴ级围岩深埋段二次衬砌最佳支护时机为初期拱顶下沉速率小于0.3 mm/d。     

基于位移反分析的隧道二衬合理支护时机

二衬支护时机是否合理影响着隧道的稳定性,始终是隧道施工中讨论的热点问题。结合现场监控量测数据,通过3种回归函数的对比分析,确定了满足精度的回归曲线并预测围岩最终位移量,初步确定了二衬合理支护时机;结合黄金分割法与FLAC3D数值模拟软件,通过位移反分析法获得符合工程实际的围岩力学参数E,c值并代入FLAC3D中,基于3种二衬合理支护时机判定准则确定了支护时机;综合考虑回归分析与数值模拟计算结果,最终确定兴隆隧道Ⅲ级围岩段的二衬合理支护时机与施工安全距离。研究结果表明：双曲线函数回归精度最优,并根据函数曲线预测Ⅲ级围岩最终位移量为12.20 mm,初步确定在开挖后第20天施作二衬;通过围岩力学参数反演确定Ⅲ级围岩E=4.944 GPa,c=0.268 MPa为符合工程实际的围岩力学参数;通过数值模拟确定在开挖后第19天、距掌子面95 m时施作二衬满足变形速率和极限位移准则,在开挖后第18天、距掌子面90 m时施作二衬满足最小支护抗力准则。综合考虑三者的影响程度,最终确定兴隆隧道二衬合理支护时机为开挖后第18天,此时距掌子面90 m。     

隧道提前施作二次衬砌分析

以在建兰渝铁路线板岩隧道的工程背景,面对在施工中大部分板岩隧道均不同程度地发生了大变形,出现了较长段落的初期支护拆换的问题。着重对有关专家提出的通过提前施作二次衬砌(二衬施作时机为双线2mm/d、单线1mm/d)来控制大变形的标准进行了论证,探讨了隧道提前施作二次衬砌的可行性和正确性。     

梅花山隧道新奥法施工围岩变形监测研究

监控量测是隧道新奥法施工的重要组成要素之一。基于梅花山隧道新奥法施工实际,对该隧道监控量测方案进行了设计,结合隧道围岩变形典型代表性断面监测数据,进行数学回归分析;采用速率和累计位移双重控制标准探讨了梅花山隧道围岩二次衬砌合理施作时机,以确保隧道施工安全。     

通渝隧道围岩收敛位移量测实践

通渝隧道地质条件复杂,集涌水、岩爆、塑性变形、高地应力于一身,是典型的复杂条件下的长大公路隧道.在施工过程中,严格进行了新奥法监控量测指导施工,特别是围岩收敛量测,并及时将量测散点的数据进行回归处理,将得出的信息反馈于施工,以了解隧道开挖后围岩的稳定情况以便采取相应的支护措施.重点介绍了通渝隧道围岩收敛量测的方法及其数据回归分析的原理,并对量测结果进行了统计,结果表明通渝隧道一般在开挖后35 d左右或围岩的当日变形速率小于0.1 mm/d起,隧道围岩变形即进入基本稳定期,并且当围岩变形都达到最终变形的80%以上,可进行二次衬砌,即二衬的合理时机为开挖后35 d左右,从而加快了施工进度,为类似工程提供重要的参考依据.     

涌水隧道支护对围岩力学性质的影响

以宜万铁路堡镇隧道为工程背景,首先对高地应力大变形段中所揭示的软弱围岩不同饱水状态下的单轴试验方案进行设计,进行单向应力状态下岩石力学性质测试,探讨饱水状态对软岩强度和峰后体积应变的影响规律;然后,根据试验结果和现场监测数据,对饱水时间1月的岩石试件进行了低围压(0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8和1.0MPa)条件下的三轴压缩试验,研究围压对软岩强度和体积应变的影响规律;最后,提出隧道二次衬砌的作用时机。研究结果表明:当堡镇隧道大变形段围岩变形量达到总变形量的70%时,适宜施作二衬。     

高应力软岩隧道施工的时空效应分析

以湖南某高应力软岩隧道为背景,应用有限元软件ABAQUS对其施工的时空效应进行了分析,并对其影响范围及大小进行了研究,结果表明:高应力软岩隧道围岩稳定很大程度上受到隧道的"空间效应"及"时间效应"的影响,同时指出在施工时应尽早施加初期支护提高围岩自承能力,在围岩变形趋于稳定时施加二次支护坚决抑制软岩的流变所引起的大变形.     

深埋洞室软岩开挖卸荷-流变与支护时机研究

由于软岩的流变特性,深埋软岩洞室开挖后的很长一段时间内围岩变形持续发展,支护不当或不及时支护极易引发洞室围岩失稳.以四川省甘孜藏族自治州丹巴县大渡河丹巴水电站工程为背景,以室内试验为基础,开展软岩卸荷力学参数劣化分析,确定开挖卸荷、开挖卸荷-流变的计算参数,对穿越断层破碎带的深埋软岩开展开挖卸荷-流变与支护时机的数值模拟研究.结果表明:洞室的流变变形在选取的4种二次支护时机中均为5年左右洞室变形基本收敛,10年左右洞室变形完全收敛,其后支护结构稳定基本不发生变形;同时考虑工程实际中的"先让后抗"的支护原则,当初衬拱顶拱底相对位移(Δ_(A1B1))为Δ_(A1B1max)的80%时进行二次支护为4种二次支护时机中相对最佳的二次支护时机.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to