锦州市城市水资源承载力评价与分析

目的水资源短缺问题已经成为锦州市经济发展的制约因素,针对锦州市的用水现状,从水资源、环境、经济以及社会等角度综合评价锦州市水资源承载力的大小,为锦州市经济可持续发展提供理论依据.方法基于锦州市水资源数据、社会经济数据、水文数据等,通过查阅文献、实地调研和数据整理,运用可持续发展理论,分析锦州市水资源现状,采用"虚拟水赤字评价方法"和"经济社会及生态环境评价方法"分别从广义和狭义水资源的角度对锦州市水资源承载力进行评价.结果锦州市2011—2015年水资源承载力从广义水资源角度看,除了2014年和2015年特枯水年时,水资源严重不足;2011—2013年水资源对经济、社会及生态的发展仍处于可支撑的范围;2011—2013年区域水资源对虚拟水的生产和消费均处于可支撑状态;2014年和2015年锦州市的水资源量不足以供给城市的生产生活、消费和经济发展的用水需求;由于水资源的不足,锦州市对地下水资源进行超采,导致地下水位逐年下降,造成了水量及水质的破坏.结论锦州市的水资源承载力已经严重不足,应当大力发展科技,找到合理利用绿水资源的科技手段,来提高水资源的利用效率,使锦州市的水资源承载力得到提升.     

西北地区水资源承载力宏观多目标情景分析与评价

采用多目标情景分析方法和综合评判方法,从面域尺度对西北地区2010、2020年不同情景方案下的水资源承载力进行了预测分析和评价.预测结果表明.西北地区社会经济用水将在现在基础上继续增加,但增加幅度有限,通过提高用水效率、调整产业结构、控制灌溉面积发展等综合措施,西北地区未来可以实现逐步水资源供需平衡及生态环境和社会经济协调发展的目标.综合评价结果认为,未来西北地区水资源承载力状况将逐步得到改善,但中短期内仍不可能达到良好可承载的程度,其中以A1 B1 C2发展情景方案为最优方案.     

西南地区水资源生态足迹及承载力动态特征与预测分析

为保证西南地区水资源的可持续利用,需开展水源地保护,以实现西南地区水资源与社会、经济和生态环境的协调发展.在测算西南地区2003—2018年水资源生态足迹、水资源生态承载力和水资源负载指数动态变化特征的基础上,运用综合自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA模型)对2025年西南地区水资源生态足迹、水资源生态承载力及水资源负载指数情况进行预测分析.结果表明：(1)2003—2018年,西南地区总水资源生态足迹有较大的区域差异,贵州、四川水资源生态足迹呈上升趋势;2019—2025年,西南地区总水资源生态足迹呈上升趋势.(2)从水资源承载力来看,四川水资源承载力最高,云南较高,贵州第3,重庆相对较低,西藏最低,在一定程度上与水资源承压指数的趋势相反;从空间分布特征来看,西藏水资源承载力最低,四川水资源承载力最高.(3)2003—2018年,西南地区水资源负载指数整体在Ⅱ级以下水平.研究显示,西南地区水资源承载能力较大,如不加以保护规范,必然会抑制经济社会的发展,因此协调好水资源同经济社会发展的互动关系至关重要.     

石河子地区相对水资源承载力的分析

为了科学评价石河子地区水资源承载力,本文采用相对资源承载力的研究思路和计算方法,并通过对原方法改进创新,分别计算了1980～2005年石河子相对水资源承载力、经济资源承载力和综合承载力及其变化过程.研究结果表明:1)与全国和新疆维吾尔自治区的区域对比,石河子地区综合资源处于富余状态,且水资源是石河子人口的主要承载资源.2)相对水资源承载力与相对经济资源承载力的不协调是石河子可持续发展中存在的主要问题之一.3)水资源承载力远大于经济资源承载力,其水资源承载力对综合承载力的贡献占大部分,说明对石河子人口起支撑作用的主要是水资源,而不是经济资源.     

水资源承载力研究进展与新方法

在综述水资源承载力前人研究的基础上,总结了水资源承载力研究中存在的问题:水资源承载力的概念不明确;水资源承载力的量化方法建立在概念不一致的基础之上,导致水资源承载力量化可操作性差;当前水资源承载力的研究没有完全符合可持续发展思想等.为解决这些问题,本文提出了水资源承载力的新定义及相关的量化方法:水资源承载水平是在一定的技术和管理水平下,区域水资源系统承载的人类发展水平;水资源承载力是水资源承载水平的稳定最大值,即一定的技术和管理水平下,区域水资源系统能稳定承载的人类最大发展水平;并以生态服务功能价值为标尺,从经济、文化、生态支撑、生态同化4个方面建立水资源承载力的量化方程.     

基于负载指数法的呼包鄂城市群水资源承载力评价研究

通过构建指标体系,对呼包鄂城市群水资源承载力进行评价,并运用负载指数法对呼包鄂城市群水资源的开发前景进行分析.结果表明:呼和浩特市和包头市的人口和经济规模已经超过水资源承载能力;城市群水资源的开发利用程度已经达到相当规模,水资源供需矛盾突出.从社会、经济、环境可持续发展的角度出发,应通过增加黄河引水指标、水权交易、节水工程建设、合理利用水资源等措施提高水资源承载力.     

基于联系数的水资源承载力状态评价模型

基于集对分析和三角模糊数理论,建立水资源承载力状态评价模型。通过理论分析、频率计算和数据统计,选取14个指标,划分为5个等级,建立水资源承载力评价指标体系;采用主客观赋权相结合的方式计算各指标组合权重,分析水资源承载力的主要影响因素及其原因。在联系数方法的基础上,用减法集对势分析各样本水资源承载力态势。对山东省17个地级市2015年各指标数据进行实例分析,结果表明:影响山东省各地级市水资源承载力状态的主要因素为单位面积灌溉水量、单位面积地下水资源量、单位面积废水排放量;山东省总体水资源承载力处于临界超载和轻微超载状态,在水资源禀赋条件稳定的情况下,提高水资源利用效率,改善水生态环境,能够有效提升水资源承载力水平。     

基于变权TOPSIS模型的长江经济带水资源承载力综合评价

从水资源－经济社会－生态环境耦合系统的角度,构建了长江经济带水资源承载力评价指标体系,应用变权TOPSIS模型确定各指标的权重及水资源承载力表征值,综合评价了长江经济带9省2市2015年、2016年和2017年的水资源承载力.结果表明,长江经济带水资源承载力在时间上呈波动上升趋势,但从整体区域来看,水资源承载力还有待提高.水资源承载力在空间上具有明显差异性,东部地区(上海、浙江、江苏)水资源承载力差异较大,西部地区(重庆、四川、贵州、云南)则较为均衡,中部地区除了安徽省水资源承载力明显偏低以外,其他三省(江西、湖北、湖南)表现较为均衡;水资源承载力整体表现出西部高于东部、东部高于中部的现象.长江经济带水资源承载力表征值在0.24～0.50之间,其中浙江省相对较高,最大表征值为0.49,而安徽省最低,最小表征值为0.25.影响长江经济带水资源承载力的5个最重要指标依次为地表水资源占比、生态环境用水量、水资源开发利用率、城市人口密度、生活用水总量的对水资源承载力.总体而言,长江经济带的水资源承载力受地区水资源禀赋状况和生态环境状况的影响较大.     

毕节地区水资源承载力浅析

水资源已成为贯穿一切物质生产和社会经济发展的中轴线。随着人口的不断增长,城市化进程的加剧和经济社会的迅速发展,水资源承载力也受到一定影响。本文分析了毕节地区水资源状况,并从水资源量、水环境、区域水害防御等三方面的承载力分析了毕节地区水资源承载力状况,并就如何提高水资源承载力提出了一定的解决措施。     

基于SD双要素模型的长春市水资源人口承载力动态模拟

将系统动力学与双要素(水资源量和水环境质量)模型相结合建立城市水资源人口承载力模型,以长春市为例,模拟了2014—2030年长春市水资源人口承载力在不同方案下的动态变化趋势.结果表明:水资源量是决定长春市水资源人口承载力的关键要素,在常规模式下长春市水资源人口承载力未来始终呈超载状态,且逐年加重;将开源与节流方案相结合的综合方案能弥补二者单独实施所存在的弊端,在短期内可有效提高长春市水资源人口承载力,同时使未来水资源人口承载状态持续稳定,满足该地区可持续发展要求.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.