气膜孔几何位置对旋流冷却流动与传热特性的影响

为了研究气膜孔几何位置对旋流冷却特性的影响,建立了带有气膜孔的旋流腔冷却结构,利用流体动力学软件ANSYS CFX对比分析了有无气膜孔情况下旋流冷却性能的差异,并研究了气膜孔轴宽比和周向角度对旋流冷却流动和换热特性的影响。研究结果表明:气膜孔对旋流腔靶面旋流冷气运动产生强烈扰动,使气膜孔上游冷气流速增加,下游冷气流速降低;气膜孔使主流流线向斜下方偏转,增强了整体换热强度且整体压力分布趋于均匀;轴宽比从0.3增加到0.7,气膜孔对整体流动和传热影响不大,轴宽比增加到0.9,主流小旋涡消失且靶面Nu分布更均匀;周向角度小于0°时,随着周向角度的增加,气膜孔上游高速区增大,周向角度超过0°后,高速区随周向角度增长不明显;随着周向角度增加,周向平均压力系数增加,气膜孔附近高Nu区扩大,靶面高Nu区分布更均匀。     

涡旋核心分布对斜置肋片蒸汽冷却通道换热特性的影响

数值计算了宽高比为2∶1,雷诺数为1×104~6×104,肋角度分别为30°、60°、90°时蒸汽冷却带肋通道,采用流场涡旋核心显示技术分析了各肋角度下带肋通道涡旋的产生、演变过程、形态变化以及分布规律,研究了涡旋分布规律对通道换热系数的影响。结果表明:肋角度对带肋通道涡旋形态和分布规律有较大影响,90°通道主要由横向涡组成,30°、60°通道主要由纵向涡和主涡组成;纵向涡的换热特性比横向涡更好,30°、60°通道平均换热系数比90°通道高;30°通道纵向涡的分支以及流体的黏性耗散会导致纵向涡涡旋强度和尺度减小、纵向涡的换热性能削弱,这使得30°通道平均换热系数比未发生纵向涡分支的60°通道低;相对于边界层的距离、涡旋半径,涡旋强度、涡旋核心是影响涡旋强化换热的更重要的参数。该结果可为主动控制带肋通道涡旋强化换热研究提供参考。     

压力面侧小翼结构对凹槽叶顶冷却传热性能的影响

采用数值计算方法对带压力侧小翼凹槽叶顶附近的流动、传热和冷却特性进行了研究,计算获得了无气膜孔、单排气膜孔和双排气膜孔3种孔分布条件下叶顶区域的流场结构、传热系数和气膜冷却有效度,并与常规凹槽叶顶和无压力侧肩壁凹槽叶顶的冷却传热性能进行了比较。结果表明:与常规和无压力侧肩壁凹槽叶顶相比,带压力侧小翼凹槽叶顶具有更优的气动、传热和冷却性能;带压力侧小翼凹槽叶顶的总压损失与无压力侧肩壁凹槽叶顶的相近,比常规凹槽叶顶的低约10%;在3种孔分布条件下,带压力侧小翼凹槽叶顶的平均传热系数均最小,平均气膜冷却有效度最大。气膜孔分布影响了带压力侧小翼凹槽叶顶冷却流的作用范围,带压力侧小翼凹槽叶顶中弧线处的冷却流覆盖了凹槽底部吸力面侧区域,小翼处的冷却流能较好地冷却小翼和凹槽底部压力面侧区域。该结果可为增强凹槽叶顶的冷却传热性能提供参考。     

装配间隙泄漏流对透平端壁冷却影响的实验研究

为了研究叶栅装配间隙泄漏流对透平叶片端壁气膜冷却特性的影响,依据真实重型燃气透平叶片参数,搭建了端壁气膜冷却实验台。采用压力敏感漆技术测量了不同质量流量比和装配间隙角度下端壁的气膜冷却特性,使用压力扫描阀测量了主流进口雷诺数和叶片表面压力分布。通过数值计算模拟了实验叶片装配间隙的流动结构,得到了装配间隙冷气出流质量流量比及射流角度的气膜冷却特性。结果表明：在装配间隙冷气出流质量流量比为0.1%～1.0%的范围内,在相同射流角度下,增加装配间隙质量流量能够提升透平端壁气膜冷却有效度,并增大装配间隙下游出口气膜覆盖面积,冷气质量流量比为1.0%时端壁气膜冷却有效度达到最高。由于叶片端壁表面的压力梯度导致装配间隙出流集中在流道中部及出口位置。在研究的60°～90°射流角范围内,在相同质量流量比下,减小装配间隙射流角度能够有效提升端壁气膜冷却有效度,75°射流角相较于90°垂直入射条件下的气膜冷却有效度增加接近一倍;射流角为60°时端壁气膜冷却有效度达到最高。     

射流角和质量流量比对涡轮端壁气膜冷却特性的影响

为了提高实际燃机涡轮端壁的气膜冷却效率,对某航空发动机涡轮静叶端壁的气膜冷却特性进行了数值模拟研究。首先采用实验结果对湍流模型进行了校核,并验证了所研究模型的网格无关性,在此基础上研究了端壁离散气膜孔的气膜冷却特性,并采用给定实验端壁热流输入条件计算了整个端壁的换热特性;分析了5种冷气质量流量比(1.4%、2.1%、2.7%、3.1%、3.8%)和5种气膜冷气射流角度(20°、25°、30°、35°、40°)下端壁离散气膜孔的流动特性、气膜冷却特性以及换热特性。计算结果表明:相同射流角(40°)条件下,冷气质量流量比为1.4%时,端壁平均气膜冷却效率达到0.21;继续增大冷气质量流量比会导致气膜脱离端壁表面,使得端壁整体的气膜冷却效率下降;随着冷气质量流量比增加,叶栅通道总压损失增加,强化了气膜孔出口处的气流掺混,增加了换热效率;受到端壁二次流以及原有气膜孔结构的影响,气膜冷气射流角度为20°时冷却效果最佳,在相同质量流量比(1.4%)条件下,端壁平均气膜冷却效率达到0.27;减小射流角度对端壁表面换热强度改变较小。     

压力侧冷却流对凹槽叶顶气膜冷却与传热性能的影响

为了降低凹槽叶顶整体热负荷并提高高传热区的气膜冷却效率,研究了压力侧冷却射流对透平级凹槽叶顶冷却传热性能的影响。通过数值计算获得了2种压力侧气膜孔形状(圆孔、扩张孔)和5种压力侧射流角(20°～40°)条件下,透平级凹槽叶顶的传热系数和气膜冷却效率分布。研究表明：前缘压力侧冷却流进入凹槽,增强了凹槽底部的冷却效果;中部和尾缘压力侧冷却流对凹槽肩壁和叶顶尾缘进行了冷却,增强了叶顶高热负荷区域的冷却效果。在所研究的射流角范围内,射流角越小,凹槽叶顶的冷却效果越好。当采用扩张孔、射流角由20°增大到40°时,肩壁的面积平均传热系数增大了6%,面积平均气膜冷却效率减小了14.3%;叶顶压力侧的面积平均传热系数增大了36%,面积平均气膜冷却效率减小了37.2%。在小射流角条件下,扩张孔的叶顶和压力侧冷却效果优于圆孔。射流角为20°时,与圆孔相比：扩张孔使凹槽肩壁面积平均传热系数减小了2%,面积平均气膜冷却效率增大了5.9%;扩张孔使叶顶压力侧的面积平均传热系数减小了22.6%,面积平均气膜冷却效率增大了43.3%。     

透平叶片前缘双排交错孔气膜冷却数值模拟

为了解前缘冷气喷射对透平叶片的气膜冷却特性,对圆柱形前缘双排交错孔气膜冷却进行了全三维N-S方程数值模拟,第一排孔射流角度分别为15°、20°和25°,第二排孔均为20°。计算域网格采用FNM(full non-matched)形式的多块结构化网格。研究了射流与主流的流动机理,分析了不同吹风比下不同孔排结构对壁面冷却效率的影响。计算结果表明:第一排射流角度的变化对前缘绝热效率分布的影响非常明显,壁面气膜冷却效率随吹风比的增大而升高。     

高主流湍流度下倾斜角对圆柱孔气膜冷却特性影响的实验研究

为了研究高湍流度下圆柱孔流向倾斜角对气膜冷却特性的影响,在主流湍流度为11.82%的工况下,采用瞬态热色液晶测量技术对倾斜角为30°、60°的气膜孔冷却特性进行了研究,并与低湍流度工况下的结果进行对比。实验结果表明:气膜孔倾斜角增大会导致气膜冷却效率下降;主流湍流度增大会提高上游冷却效率,降低下游冷却效率,冷却效率展向分布更加均匀。吹风比的增加导致各倾斜角气膜孔换热系数比显著增加,在小吹风比条件下,换热系数比沿流向时降低,而大吹风比条件下换热系数比呈现先上升后下降的分布;气膜孔倾斜角增大会在整体上强化壁面对流换热强度,主流湍流度增加导致换热系数比明显减小。随着吹风比的增加,下游区域的主流湍流度导致两种倾斜角气膜孔的冷却效率和换热系数比差距增大,在上游区域主流湍流度的影响较为复杂。     

射流角对带小翼凹槽叶顶冷却传热性能的影响

采用数值方法研究了发动机工况下透平级带压力侧小翼的凹槽叶顶冷却传热性能,计算获得了5种流向射流角、3种向压力侧偏转的气膜孔数量、4种向压力侧偏转的射流角布置时的带小翼凹槽叶顶的传热系数与气膜冷却效率,实现了带小翼凹槽叶顶冷却传热性能的提升。研究结果表明：倾斜的冷却射流能有效提升透平级带压力侧小翼凹槽叶顶的传热与冷却性能;随着流向射流角的增大,叶顶传热系数先减小后增大,当流向射流角为120°时,相对于竖直射流,叶顶面积平均传热系数减小了28.26%、气膜冷却效率增大了33.86%;靠近前缘的5个中弧线冷却孔向压力侧偏转能改善凹槽前部的冷却性能,与所有中弧线冷却孔均向吸力侧偏转的方案相比,叶顶面积平均传热系数减小15.65%、气膜冷却效率增大9.51%;当靠近前缘的5个中弧线冷却孔向压力侧偏转的角度为60°时,小翼叶顶的冷却传热性能最佳,与竖直射流相比,其面积平均传热系数减小38.84%、气膜冷却效率增大42.24%,且冷却流对带小翼凹槽叶顶覆盖的均匀性显著提高。     

带槽双射流气膜冷却数值研究

针对双射流气膜冷却在提高气膜冷却效率中存在横向冷却效果不佳的问题,提出了一种带槽结构的双射流气膜冷却方式,即在气膜孔出口处垂直于流向横开一槽,并在平均吹风比为1.9时,采用CFX商用软件及剪切应力输运湍流模型对带槽双射流结构的流动与冷却特性进行数值研究,获得了横槽倾角对气膜冷却特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:在相同孔间距下,带槽结构能明显改善气膜在被冷却壁面的横向分布,增大气膜的横向覆盖面积,有效提高气膜冷却效率;不同的横槽倾角对气膜冷却效率具有重要的影响,倾角均为30°时的方案冷却效果最好;沿中心线远离气膜孔处出现未冷却区域,这可能与吹风比、横槽倾角、槽宽等参数有关。研究结果为射流冷却的流动与换热特性研究提供了参考依据。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to