水声通信中差分相干检测及其相位补偿方法

水声通信中的多普勒(Doppler)频移和水声信道的时变性等因素影响着载波跟踪效果,最终使得接收机性能下降.常规差分相干检测技术能为PSK调制提供天然的载波同步但抗码间干扰能力很差且当载波偏移较大时的性能也受到很大影响.针对这一问题,提出了一种自适应差分相干检测算法及其相位补偿方法.该算法将线性均衡器和差分相干检测器有机结合,降低了检测的均方误差并成功地抑制了多径的影响.利用一种新的相位补偿方法对均衡前的信号先进行相位补偿,跟踪信道引起的相位变化,进一步提高了系统抗载波频偏的能力.在实际湖试信道条件下的4DPSK性能仿真表明:在10Km的距离上,应用常规的相干检测算法无法对存在标准频率偏移在0.01以上的情况进行正确检测,但自适应差分相干检测算法经过相位补偿后,处理存在大频偏(标准频率偏移在0.02到0.04之间)的情况时,同样误码率下比原来节省2～4dB的信噪比.     

混沌扩频序列的优选算法及其系统性能研究

为了获得多址通信中优良的伪随机特性码组,提出了一种混沌序列的优选算法。通过对混沌系统迭代结果的截断和量化处理,根据扩频序列的理想特性和多址干扰指数,给出了优化混沌序列码组的具体步骤,并对传统的Gold序列和多种混沌序列的码组性能作了比较和分析。对DS/CDMA系统性能的仿真结果表明,优选混沌扩频序列的相关性能优于传统的伪随机扩频序列,有利于解决CDMA移动通信中的抗多址干扰及多用户检测等关键问题,从而使混沌扩频系统的抗干扰能力和抗破译能力得到增强。     

非正交码移键控和码索引调制算法

针对正交码移键控(code shift keying, CSK)误比特率(bit error rate, BER)性能下降和非正交码索引调制(non-orthogonal-code index modulation, N-CIM)未能充分利用扩频码自相关性的不足,提出一种非正交CSK和码索引调制(non-orthogonal-CSK-code index modulation, N-CSK-CIM)算法。发送端信息比特分为调制比特和扩频码映射比特；调制比特用来进行符号调制，映射比特映射为扩频码的索引和码相位索引。首先根据调制比特进行符号调制，然后利用映射比特映射的扩频码索引选择同一原始扩频码，并根据码相位索引进行码移键控产生新的扩频码，调制后的符号实部与虚部分别用这一新的扩频码进行扩频。仿真结果表明,在加性高斯白噪声(additive white Gaussian noise, AWGN)信道和瑞利衰落信道中,相同信噪比时, N-CSK-CIM算法的BER性能优于N-CIM算法和正交CSK算法。     

大多普勒偏移下直接序列扩频信号捕获新方法

针对具有大多普勒偏移的直接序列扩频信号捕获问题,提出一种基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)的多普勒和伪码分别并行搜索的捕获新方法.该方法利用伪码二相调制特性,通过乘法消除伪码影响,得到多普勒估计值,在此基础上运用圆周相关法得到的伪码相位估计值.计算机仿真表明,它能更快、更高精度地完成多普勒频率一伪码相位的二维搜索,且捕获时间与多普勒偏移大小无关,尤其适用于大多普勒环境.     

面向OFDM-MFSK水声通信的差错控制方法

多进制频移键控正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing multiple frequency shift keying, OFDM-MFSK)调制能抵抗水声信道中的多径衰落和多普勒效应, 且无需复杂的信道估计与均衡, 适合低成本的水声通信机设计。针对OFDM-MFSK水声通信系统, 提出了一种差错控制编码方法, 具体思想为在使用OFDM-MFSK传输原数据的同时调制子载波的相位以传输另一路编码, 接收端结合两种解调方式, 利用编码的差错图样与校验码实现数据的纠错。相比于其他前向纠错编码, 此种差错控制方法的码长短、编解码复杂度低, 结合OFDM-MFSK调制, 能在保证通信可靠性和实时性的同时降低水声通信系统的实现成本, 适用于低速率水声通信系统的设计。     

基于空时分组编码的水声MIMO通信系统仿真研究

为了提高水声信道的信道容量,将多输入多输出（MIMO）技术用于水声信道,提出一种基于空时分组编码（STBC）的MIMO通信系统。为了抵抗水声多径传播造成的频率选择性衰落,接收机采用MIMO判决反馈均衡器,结合二阶锁相环路补偿载波相位偏移,将水声信道转换为频率非选择性信道。通过计算机仿真证明了该方法的有效性,并与单输入单输出（SISO）系统以及采用空时网格编码（STTC）的MIMO系统进行了性能对比,结果表明STBC和STTC可以获得两倍于SISO的频带利用率和较低的误码率,STBC系统的误码率性能比STTC略差,但编译码计算量远低于STTC系统,更适于实际应用。     

北斗QPSK调制信号多星联合捕获算法

传统的接收机捕获方法仅针对单颗卫星码相位及载波频率进行搜索与捕获,为了提高接收机傅里叶变换及相关运算模块的使用效率,提出了一种面向北斗B1频点信号的多星联合捕获算法,并在此基础上建立了联合捕获相位参量与相应卫星编号间的映射关系。最后,利用采集的卫星中频信号对多种捕获算法进行了实验对比与性能分析,实验结果表明,多星联合捕获算法可成功对多颗卫星进行并行搜索及快速捕获,平均运行速度相对于传统捕获算法提高了约23%,改善了北斗接收机中信号捕获的处理效率。     

DSSS信号在低SNR下的同步捕获算法

同步捕获与信号识别是DSSS系统的关键技术。给出了一种频差与扩频码同步联合捕获的方法,提出了一种基于峰值窗口的噪声与干扰估计算法,基于此估计,在信号识别中采用了相对门限。还对该算法的虚警概率、漏检概率、误捕率性能进行了仿真,为其应用提供了依据。该方法针对二进制DSSS/MPSK系统,但同样也适用于多进制正交扩频系统。     

直接扩频序列信号的参数估计

在频谱监测、电子侦听等非协作通信中,接收机要对直接扩频序列信号进行侦收,必须要首先估计信号的参数,包括波特率、码片速率和载波频率等。由于噪声功率电平远高于接收到的信号功率电平,常规的基于能量和谱的参数估计方法在此并不适用。针对这些问题提出了一种估计算法,该算法首先对接收信号的自相关函数进行累积以消除噪声的影响,然后在此基础上估计信号的波特率、码片速率和载波频率。所有这些算法都不需要知道DSSS信号的具体调制类型。计算机仿真结果表明了这些算法的有效性。     

直接序列扩展频谱通信系统仿真

针对频通信广泛的应用 ,对它进行系统建模与仿真非常有益。论述了采用相关器捕捉环路和跟踪环路以及科斯塔斯环路 ,实现无导频直接序列扩频通信系统的伪码同步与载波同步的方法 ,给出了在系统仿真软件Serenade平台下的仿真结果 ,详细展示了扩频接收机工作的全过程 ,为设计、分析直扩通信系统提供了方便。     

The 12th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management ICSSSM'15

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Enterprise resource planning implementation decision & optimization models

To study the uncertain optimization problems on implementation schedule, time-cost trade-off and quality in enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation, combined with program evaluation and review technique (PERT), some optimization models are proposed, which include the implementation schedule model, the timecost trade-off model, the quality model, and the implementation time-cost-quality synthetic optimization model. A PERT-embedded genetic algorithm (GA) based on stochastic simulation technique is introduced to the optimization models solution. Finally, an example is presented to show that the models and algorithm are reasonable and effective, which can offer a reliable quantitative decision method for ERP implementation.     

A calculus for services innovation

Innovation in the services area - especially in the electronic services （e-services） domain - can be systematically developed by first considering the strategic drivers and foci, then the tactical principles and enablers, and finally the operational decision attributes, all of which constitute a process or calculus of services innovation. More specifically, there are four customer drivers （i.e., collaboration, customization, integration and adaptation）, three business foci （i.e., creation-focused, solution-focused and competition-focused）, six business principles （i.e., reconstruct market boundaries, focus on the big picture not numbers, reach beyond existing demand, get strategic sequence right, overcome organizational hurdles and build execution into strategy）, eight technical enablers （i.e., software algorithms, automation, telecommunication, collaboration, standardization, customization, organization, and globalization）, and six attributes of decision informatics （i.e., decision-driven, information-based, real-time, continuously-adaptive, customer-centric and computationally-intensive）. It should be noted that the four customer drivers are all directed at empowering the individual - that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive customized or personalized attention, access an integrated system or process, and obtain adaptive real-time or just-in-time input. The developed process or calculus serves to identify the potential white spaces or blue oceans for innovation. In addition to expanding on current innovations in services and related experiences, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can mitigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a GDP metric that can adequately measure the growing knowledge economy,     

论生物系统中的功能不守恒性

根据能量守恒定律，能量一次转换所做的总功应等于输入的总能量。但在生物系统中，能量的转换是多次的，其总功之和大于系统输入的总能量，此现象称之为功能不守恒性。能量转换效率越高，功能差别越大。能量通过细胞水平的多次转换，总功可提高至2倍左右。能量通过生态系统水平多次转换，总功可提高至1．4倍左右。通过系统内各子系统能流之和称为序能，反映了系统有序性大小，它取决于系统输入总能量和能量转换效率。根据序能原理，用GDP^2／9(GDP为国内生产总值，Q为能量总输入)反映人类社会功能和效率，要比单纯用GDP更客观。绿色GDP应同时考虑使GDP^2／Q增长最大和使自然生态系统的序能最大。人的经济行为和动物的行为对策也符合序能原理。     

Dealing with Human Relations in Chinese Systems Practice

This paper is about the Wuli, Shili, Renli (WSR) systems methodology. An important concept within this, Renli, has been developed from Confucian philosophy to clarify to Chinese researchers the necessity of dealing with human relations in systems practice. At present, the only formal means of operationalizing Renli that people are exploring in China is to import from the West methods for organizing debate. However, the concept of Renli suggests that more is needed than methods alone. In particular, facilitation skills are required. It is argued that the development of facilitation skills can be enhanced if researchers can gain both theoretical and practical knowledge of group dynamics, and engage in activities of self-reflection to look at, and alter, their own roles in these dynamics and the wider sociopolitical system. There are therefore three aspects to Renli: the use of systems methods for organizing debate, the acquisition of facilitation skills, and self-reflection geared toward the development of facilitation skills and enhanced critical awareness of the politics of intervention.     

云环境中邮件服务器面向传输的优化设计

随着云计算的发展,新的应用不断涌现,但电子邮件服务依然占有着重要的地位.邮件服务器是一种I/O密集的应用.在云计算时代,越来越多的用户邮件保存在服务器端,邮件在从客户端传输到服务器端之前,邮件或者邮件的部分内容在服务器端可能已经存在.基于这种现象,提出了一种方案,通过引入计算的代价来降低通信量,从而提高邮件服务器的处理能力.对电子邮件的格式和SMTP协议进行了扩充,引入了附件和正文分离传输的模式.在邮件传输时,客户端先计算附件的散列值,并作为正文的一部分传输到服务器端,服务器端再根据散列值来判断附件是否需要传输.     

金工工艺的优化设计

运用价值工程与运筹工程理论, 在金工工艺单项设计指标优化的基础上, 对其设计指标也进行了全面优化。     

THE 8~(th) INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

正August 10-14,2015Beijing,China The International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics(IClAM)is the premier international congress in the field ofapplied mathematics held every four years under the auspices ofthe International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.From August 10 to 14,2015,mathematicians,scientists and entrepreneurs fiom around the world will gather in Beijing,China for the 8th IClAM to be held at     

基于动力学仿真的多管火箭多因素分析

多管火箭武器的系统效能有多个指标,而每个指标又受到多个因素复合影响。按照武器系统效能分析的递阶层次,梳理了多管火箭性能分析的多因素问题。提出了基于虚拟样机动力学仿真过程多因素问题的数据挖掘方法及分析手段,弥补了传统方法对多因素问题决策分析的不足。并以多管火箭系统效能第四级指标起始扰动的三种影响因素为例进行了研究和验证。