飞机翼面类部件的雷达散射截面计算

翼面是飞机上重要的散射源。本文利用物理光学和物理绕射理论计算飞机翼面的雷达散射截面（ＲＣＳ）。将理论计算结果与实验进行比较，证明计算方法是相当精确的。对翼面的散射特性进行分析，得出一些重要结论。     

基于高频方法分析电大尺寸目标的散射

采用物理光学法及其改进方法分析电大目标的雷达散射截面。作为对物理光学方法的修正,采用等效电磁流法计算了物体棱边绕射场的贡献。由于电磁波在腔体内存在多次反射,物理光学方法对于腔体的电磁散射问题给出的结果误差较大。为此,可以采用迭代物理光学法和弹跳射线法计算腔体散射。分别采用迭代物理光学法和弹跳射线法方法计算了腔体电磁散射,并且对迭代物理光学法与弹跳射线法方法的优缺点进行了对比。最后,提出利用图形处理器加速弹跳射线法方法的射线追踪部分,实现了弹跳射线法方法的有效加速。数值结果表明上述方法是有效的。     

利用混合法研究目标的双站散射机制

本文利用混合法分析了圆柱－劈组合体目标各部分的相互影响，精确地计算了该目标的双站雷达散射截面（ＲＣＳ），从而确定了给定入射角时该目标各部件的相互作用机制。在这种混合法中使用了ＰＯ近似、ＰＴＤ、ＧＴＤ理论和矩量法。本文的讨论表明混合法不但可精确的计算目标的双站ＲＣＳ，而且可用以分折双站散射机制。     

NONSMOOTH MULTIOBJECTIVE PROGRAMMING

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目标电磁散射特征信号的统计复现

本文讨论了目标电磁散射特征信号的统计复现问题，提出了一种目标特征信号统计复现的新方法，该方法不但可用于目标雷达散射截面（ＲＣＳ）的统计复现，而且适用于目标其他电磁散射特征（如目标角闪烁等），因而可较好地解决目标特征信号统计复现等一类工程问题。     

雷达目标的角闪烁及RCS的计算

雷达目标的角闪烁及ＲＣＳ的计算，过去采用的方法是用各种简单形状的物体来近似目标的各个部件，再用几何光学法计算这些典型体的ＲＣＳ值。这种方法的明显的缺点是计算的模型与实际目标外形的差别较大，而用几何光学法计算目标散射场，又受到诸多的限制。本文提出的板块元的算法，是用一系列小的平面板元逼近目标外形，使计算模型建立的较为准确，另外，给出了计算任意多边形平板散射场的简化公式，把积分运算化成代数运算。克服了几何光学法只能计算具有双曲率表面的缺点，同时具有计算准确和速度快的优点。     

HFSS/PO混合分析飞行器放电对雷达目标特性的影响

为精确计算飞行器在飞行过程中静电放电对雷达散射截面(radar cross section, RCS)的影响,采用高频电磁仿真软件Ansoft HFSS与物理光学(physic-optics, PO)法相混合。用HFSS计算放电产生的等离子体所覆盖的局部机翼的散射场,用物理光学法计算飞行器其余部分引起的散射场,将二者的等相位面重合,保持飞行器各散射体之间的相位关系,进而计算出飞行器的宽带雷达散射截面。     

考虑近区多重散射的目标RCS图形电磁算法

计算目标雷达散射截面时,对于存在近区多次散射的目标,对存在近区耦合场的单元的识别非常复杂。从磁场积分方程出发,结合图形电磁计算平台GRECO,经过适当的坐标转换,可快速识别对单元产生耦合场的区域;同时,采用迭代物理光学方法,计算了典型目标的近场与远场RCS。数值算例证明了本方法的有效性,本方法考虑了目标的多重散射特性,使得图形电磁计算方法从物理光学方法扩展应用到迭代物理光学方法。     

金属目标表面涂覆吸波材料减缩雷达散射截面的研究

金属目标表面涂覆吸波材料可以有效地抑制雷达散射截面（ＲＣＳ）。本文推导出光滑凸体金属表面涂覆吸波材料时的后向雷达散射截面公式。对一系列涂覆平板的ＲＣＳ进行了测试和理论计算。研究发现：对于平板而言，ＲＣＳ减缩量的理论计算与实验的差值随着涂覆面积的增大而增大。为此，给出一种工程修正的方法，从而提高计算精度。     

混合计算方法在无人机RCS预估中的应用

现代军用无人机外形隐身设计时对整机雷达散射截面（RCS）的快速预估分析是一项重要的研究课题。无人机作为一种电大尺寸的目标模型体,采用电磁场的高频计算方法,对于机体面目标散射场贡献采用物理光学算法（PO）,对于由面元结合部所形成的棱边绕射场贡献采用改进的等效电磁流（IMEC）算法分析,散射总场由两部分共同叠加计算生成。利用PO＋IMEC算法完成了对一种无人机目标模型RCS的模拟计算,将模拟结果与暗室实测结果对比获得了较为满意的结果。     

The 12th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management ICSSSM'15

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Enterprise resource planning implementation decision & optimization models

To study the uncertain optimization problems on implementation schedule, time-cost trade-off and quality in enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation, combined with program evaluation and review technique (PERT), some optimization models are proposed, which include the implementation schedule model, the timecost trade-off model, the quality model, and the implementation time-cost-quality synthetic optimization model. A PERT-embedded genetic algorithm (GA) based on stochastic simulation technique is introduced to the optimization models solution. Finally, an example is presented to show that the models and algorithm are reasonable and effective, which can offer a reliable quantitative decision method for ERP implementation.     

A calculus for services innovation

Innovation in the services area - especially in the electronic services （e-services） domain - can be systematically developed by first considering the strategic drivers and foci, then the tactical principles and enablers, and finally the operational decision attributes, all of which constitute a process or calculus of services innovation. More specifically, there are four customer drivers （i.e., collaboration, customization, integration and adaptation）, three business foci （i.e., creation-focused, solution-focused and competition-focused）, six business principles （i.e., reconstruct market boundaries, focus on the big picture not numbers, reach beyond existing demand, get strategic sequence right, overcome organizational hurdles and build execution into strategy）, eight technical enablers （i.e., software algorithms, automation, telecommunication, collaboration, standardization, customization, organization, and globalization）, and six attributes of decision informatics （i.e., decision-driven, information-based, real-time, continuously-adaptive, customer-centric and computationally-intensive）. It should be noted that the four customer drivers are all directed at empowering the individual - that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive customized or personalized attention, access an integrated system or process, and obtain adaptive real-time or just-in-time input. The developed process or calculus serves to identify the potential white spaces or blue oceans for innovation. In addition to expanding on current innovations in services and related experiences, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can mitigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a GDP metric that can adequately measure the growing knowledge economy,     

THE 8~(th) INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

正August 10-14,2015Beijing,China The International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics(IClAM)is the premier international congress in the field ofapplied mathematics held every four years under the auspices ofthe International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.From August 10 to 14,2015,mathematicians,scientists and entrepreneurs fiom around the world will gather in Beijing,China for the 8th IClAM to be held at     

论生物系统中的功能不守恒性

根据能量守恒定律，能量一次转换所做的总功应等于输入的总能量。但在生物系统中，能量的转换是多次的，其总功之和大于系统输入的总能量，此现象称之为功能不守恒性。能量转换效率越高，功能差别越大。能量通过细胞水平的多次转换，总功可提高至2倍左右。能量通过生态系统水平多次转换，总功可提高至1．4倍左右。通过系统内各子系统能流之和称为序能，反映了系统有序性大小，它取决于系统输入总能量和能量转换效率。根据序能原理，用GDP^2／9(GDP为国内生产总值，Q为能量总输入)反映人类社会功能和效率，要比单纯用GDP更客观。绿色GDP应同时考虑使GDP^2／Q增长最大和使自然生态系统的序能最大。人的经济行为和动物的行为对策也符合序能原理。     

Dealing with Human Relations in Chinese Systems Practice

This paper is about the Wuli, Shili, Renli (WSR) systems methodology. An important concept within this, Renli, has been developed from Confucian philosophy to clarify to Chinese researchers the necessity of dealing with human relations in systems practice. At present, the only formal means of operationalizing Renli that people are exploring in China is to import from the West methods for organizing debate. However, the concept of Renli suggests that more is needed than methods alone. In particular, facilitation skills are required. It is argued that the development of facilitation skills can be enhanced if researchers can gain both theoretical and practical knowledge of group dynamics, and engage in activities of self-reflection to look at, and alter, their own roles in these dynamics and the wider sociopolitical system. There are therefore three aspects to Renli: the use of systems methods for organizing debate, the acquisition of facilitation skills, and self-reflection geared toward the development of facilitation skills and enhanced critical awareness of the politics of intervention.     

云环境中邮件服务器面向传输的优化设计

随着云计算的发展,新的应用不断涌现,但电子邮件服务依然占有着重要的地位.邮件服务器是一种I/O密集的应用.在云计算时代,越来越多的用户邮件保存在服务器端,邮件在从客户端传输到服务器端之前,邮件或者邮件的部分内容在服务器端可能已经存在.基于这种现象,提出了一种方案,通过引入计算的代价来降低通信量,从而提高邮件服务器的处理能力.对电子邮件的格式和SMTP协议进行了扩充,引入了附件和正文分离传输的模式.在邮件传输时,客户端先计算附件的散列值,并作为正文的一部分传输到服务器端,服务器端再根据散列值来判断附件是否需要传输.     

金工工艺的优化设计

运用价值工程与运筹工程理论, 在金工工艺单项设计指标优化的基础上, 对其设计指标也进行了全面优化。     

THE 8~(th) INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INDUSTRIAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS

正August 10-14,2015Beijing,ChinaThe International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics(ICIAM)is the premier international congress in the field of applied mathematics held every four years under the auspices of the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.From August 10 to 14,2015,mathematicians,scientists