几种不同周期性单元的PBG天线的设计与仿真

提出了几种不同周期性单元的PBG结构的贴片天线.采用有限元法对其进行仿真分析,通过相互对比,研究出这几种不同PBG结构对贴片天线性能的影响.结果表明,在贴片天线中增加PBG结构能减少天线的回波损耗,提高天线的增益和辐射效率.并得出周期性单元的形状和数目对其特性的影响.     

Photonic Bandgap Properties of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Consisting of Complex Artificial Media

0Introduction Photonicbandgap(PBG)structureshavebeenextensive lystudiedduringthepastdecade[13],duetothepossi bilityofhandlinglight.ThePBGmaterialsareperiodical structurescomposedofmetallicordielectricelements.Thefirstcharacteristicofthisbehavioristoforbidthepropagation oftheelectromagneticwaveswhosefrequencyincludedwithintheirfrequencybandgap.Thebanddependsonthematerial structure,i.e.,dimensions,periodicityandpermittivity.Thesecondmajorcharacteristicistheabilitytoopenlocalizedelec tromagnet…     

光子带隙结构用于改善功率放大器的性能

利用一种渐变尺寸的光子带隙结构的带阻特性，来抑制功率放大器输出端的二次谐波分量，通过减小消耗在二次谐波分量上的能量来提高功率放大器的输出性能。为了尽量减小PBG结构对功率放大器基频分量的影响，对所选择的PBG结构的尺寸参数进行了优化。通过实验分析证明了优化后的PBG结构可以在很宽的频段内（6.9-7.5GHz)有效地改善功率放大器的输出特性。     

Low-loss hollow-core silica/air photonic bandgap fibre

Photonic bandgap structures use the principle of interference to reflect radiation. Reflection from photonic bandgap structures has been demonstrated in one, two and three dimensions and various applications have been proposed. Early work in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibre technology used a hexagonal structure surrounding the air core; this fibre was the first demonstration of light guided inside an air core of a photonic bandgap fibre. The potential benefits of guiding light in air derive from lower Rayleigh scattering, lower nonlinearity and lower transmission loss compared to conventional waveguides. In addition, these fibres offer a new platform for studying nonlinear optics in gases. Owing largely to challenges in fabrication, the early air-core fibres were only available in short lengths, and so systematic studies of loss were not possible. More recently, longer lengths of fibre have become available with reported losses of 1,000 dB km(-1). We report here the fabrication and characterization of long lengths of low attenuation photonic bandgap fibre. Attenuation of less than 30 dB km(-1) over a wide transmission window is observed with minimum loss of 13 dB km(-1) at 1,500 nm, measured on 100 m of fibre. Coupling between surface and core modes of the structure is identified as an important contributor to transmission loss in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibres.     

All-metallic three-dimensional photonic crystals with a large infrared bandgap

Three-dimensional (3D) metallic crystals are promising photonic bandgap structures: they can possess a large bandgap, new electromagnetic phenomena can be explored, and high-temperature (above 1,000 degrees C) applications may be possible. However, investigation of their photonic bandgap properties is challenging, especially in the infrared and visible spectrum, as metals are dispersive and absorbing in these regions. Studies of metallic photonic crystals have therefore mainly concentrated on microwave and millimetre wavelengths. Difficulties in fabricating 3D metallic crystals present another challenge, although emerging techniques such as self-assembly may help to resolve these problems. Here we report measurements and simulations of a 3D tungsten crystal that has a large photonic bandgap at infrared wavelengths (from about 8 to 20 microm). A very strong attenuation exists in the bandgap, approximately 30 dB per unit cell at 12 microm. These structures also possess other interesting optical properties; a sharp absorption peak is present at the photonic band edge, and a surprisingly large transmission is observed in the allowed band, below 6 microm. We propose that these 3D metallic photonic crystals can be used to integrate various photonic transport phenomena, allowing applications in thermophotovoltaics and blackbody emission.     

Large-scale synthesis of a silicon photonic crystal with a complete three-dimensional bandgap near 1.5 micrometres

Photonic technology, using light instead of electrons as the information carrier, is increasingly replacing electronics in communication and information management systems. Microscopic light manipulation, for this purpose, is achievable through photonic bandgap materials, a special class of photonic crystals in which three-dimensional, periodic dielectric constant variations controllably prohibit electromagnetic propagation throughout a specified frequency band. This can result in the localization of photons, thus providing a mechanism for controlling and inhibiting spontaneous light emission that can be exploited for photonic device fabrication. In fact, carefully engineered line defects could act as waveguides connecting photonic devices in all-optical microchips, and infiltration of the photonic material with suitable liquid crystals might produce photonic bandgap structures (and hence light-flow patterns) fully tunable by an externally applied voltage. However, the realization of this technology requires a strategy for the efficient synthesis of high-quality, large-scale photonic crystals with photonic bandgaps at micrometre and sub-micrometre wavelengths, and with rationally designed line and point defects for optical circuitry. Here we describe single crystals of silicon inverse opal with a complete three-dimensional photonic bandgap centred on 1.46 microm, produced by growing silicon inside the voids of an opal template of dose-packed silica spheres that are connected by small 'necks' formed during sintering, followed by removal of the silica template. The synthesis method is simple and inexpensive, yielding photonic crystals of pure silicon that are easily integrated with existing silicon-based microelectronics.     

On-chip natural assembly of silicon photonic bandgap crystals.

Photonic bandgap crystals can reflect light for any direction of propagation in specific wavelength ranges. This property, which can be used to confine, manipulate and guide photons, should allow the creation of all-optical integrated circuits. To achieve this goal, conventional semiconductor nanofabrication techniques have been adapted to make photonic crystals. A potentially simpler and cheaper approach for creating three-dimensional periodic structures is the natural assembly of colloidal microspheres. However, this approach yields irregular, polycrystalline photonic crystals that are difficult to incorporate into a device. More importantly, it leads to many structural defects that can destroy the photonic bandgap. Here we show that by assembling a thin layer of colloidal spheres on a silicon substrate, we can obtain planar, single-crystalline silicon photonic crystals that have defect densities sufficiently low that the bandgap survives. As expected from theory, we observe unity reflectance in two crystalline directions of our photonic crystals around a wavelength of 1.3 micrometres. We also show that additional fabrication steps, intentional doping and patterning, can be performed, so demonstrating the potential for specific device applications.     

TM0模式下PBG接地板与开槽接地板微带贴片天线的性能研究

研究了两种基于PBG接地板和开槽接地板的新型微带天线在TM0工作模式下的特性.仿真结果表明,与普通的微带天线进行比较,PBG结构和槽孔的引入可以有效地抑制表面波,使谐振频率降低,频带有所展宽,改善了天线的前向辐射,从而减小了天线的尺寸,提高了天线的性能.     

Trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a photonic bandgap structure

By introducing artificial defects and/or light-emitters into photonic bandgap structures, it should be possible to manipulate photons. For example, it has been predicted that strong localization (or trapping) of photons should occur in structures with single defects, and that the propagation of photons should be controllable using arrays of defects. But there has been little experimental progress in this regard, with the exception of a laser based on a single-defect photonic crystal. Here we demonstrate photon trapping by a single defect that has been created artificially inside a two-dimensional photonic bandgap structure. Photons propagating through a linear waveguide are trapped by the defect, which then emits them to free space. We envisage that this phenomenon may be used in ultra-small optical devices whose function is to selectively drop (or add) photons with various energies from (or to) optical communication traffic. More generally, our work should facilitate the development of all-optical circuits incorporating photonic bandgap waveguides and resonators.     

一维光子晶体的光子带隙研究

通过改变一维光子晶体的周期排列常数、两种介质的折射率比观察了电磁波在光子晶体中的光子带隙(PBG)行为.当两种介质的排列周期常数a:b=1:1和1:2时,发现光子晶体在可见光区存在一个很宽的频率截止带,即光子带隙区.另外,当两种介质的介电常数比εα:εb小于1:5,在可见光区无光子带隙存在;而当该比率大于1:5时则出现一个很宽的光子带隙.说明两种介质的介电常数比对光子带隙的影响很大,该比例越大,越容易获得光子带隙.     

分析TE模式入射角对光子晶体禁带特性的影响

利用光学传输矩阵方法,分析了TE模式光波的入射角度分别与禁带宽度、光子带隙起始波长的关系,通过优化计算得到了一系列特殊带隙结构的光子晶体,揭示了光子晶体的带隙变化规律,对不同禁带范围的要求选取恰当参数来制备所需要的光子晶体提供了理论依据。     

一种基于光子晶体的新型微带天线的设计

微带天线在通信、雷达等领域应用广泛,但传统微带天线存在尺寸较大、后向辐射严重等缺点.通过在普通微带天线的介质基板内,引入高度不同的周期性圆柱空气隙作为光子晶体,设计了一种新型微带天线,并利用HFSS 10.0软件对该天线进行仿真.仿真结果表明,光子晶体的引入提高了微带天线的辐射增益,削弱了沿基底方向的辐射,并减弱了天线的后向辐射,天线在整个工作频段内具有良好的辐射特征.     

一种基于光子晶体的新型微带天线的设计

微带天线在通信、雷达等领域应用广泛,但传统微带天线存在尺寸较大、后向辐射严重等缺点。通过在普通微带天线的介质基板内,引入高度不同的周期性圆柱空气隙作为光子晶体,设计了一种新型微带天线,并利用HFSS 10.0软件对该天线进行仿真。仿真结果表明,光子晶体的引入提高了微带天线的辐射增益,削弱了沿基底方向的辐射,并减弱了天线的后向辐射,天线在整个工作频段内具有良好的辐射特征。     

UC-PBG结构分析及在雷达系统中的应用

光子晶体又称光子带隙,是指具有一定光子带隙的人造周期性电介质结构,其理论依据来源于电子能带理论(半导体中的电子存在禁带),人们对光子带隙结构在微波工程中的应用给予了特别的关注,PBG结构的材料在微波集成电路的应用中造就了许多新型器件。经过近年的发展,又派生出新型单平面紧凑型光子带隙结构,在军用和民用方面有极大的应用价值,该文对UC-PBG结构在雷达系统中的应用展开分析。     

克尔非线性黑体中光超流态的研究

研究了克尔非线性黑体中一种新的光超流态.研究表明:非线性黑体中具有相反波矢和旋量的裸光子结合成对,未成对的裸光子则转换成一种新的准粒子--非极化激元;光子对系统是一个超流态,而非极化激元系统是一个正常流态.正常流态的光谱能量密度和辐射压强都比普通黑体大并且随温度单调增加.在理论上证明了克尔非线性黑体中光超流态的存在并给出了测量这种光超流态的方法.     

有旋转六角洞的光子晶体的最大绝对带隙和缺陷模

研究有旋转六角洞的三角点阵二维光子晶体的带结构,探索单元核几何对称性减少对绝对带隙值和局域缺陷模频率值的影响。对洞的中等旋转角,我们揭示此结构的最大绝对带隙可以获得,且该角依赖于洞的半径和背景材料的折射指数。我们也研究了由洞的缺失产生的缺陷模的特点,讨论了此结构模的可调性。     

宽频带Fabry-Perot谐振器印刷天线

分析了采用贴片式频率选择表面(FSS)为盖板、U形缝隙矩形贴片为辐射器的Fabry-Perot谐振器印刷天线,揭示了其天线频带远窄于辐射器频带的原因.鉴于上述Fabry-Perot谐振器天线的实用频带主要受限于谐振型的盖板,因此要展宽实用频带,就应弱化盖板的谐振特性,所以提出将FSS中相同尺寸的方形贴片改进成沿一维或二维渐变尺寸的结构.同时应增宽阻抗频带和增益频带及其相互交叠的带域,即增宽可利用的公共频带.仿真结果显示这种改进增宽了此类天线兼顾高定向性和阻抗匹配的实用频带.     

Treating temperature effect on bandgap in polymer opal photonic crystals

The optical reflective spectra and microstruc- tures of polystyrene opal photonic crystals treated with dif- ferent temperatures have been investigated. With tempera- ture increasing, the polystyrene spheres in opal structure transform to dodecahedrons, and the peak of reflective spec- trum moves to shorter wavelength. The experiment result testifies the effect of the effective refractive index and the filling ratio to the bandgap position, and it corresponds to the theoretical simulative result.     

一种新型高增益贴片天线阵的研制

利用光子晶体可以抑制基板表面波传播来提高天线增益的基本思想,改进设计了一种高增益多层耦合贴片天线.天线采用悬置耦合馈电方式,使馈电电路与辐射元分离,减小了馈电电路对辐射元性能的影响,从而便于在阵列中的应用,同时,通过在覆盖层加载基底钻孔型PBG结构,使单元天线增益可以达到11.54 dB,相比普通单层微带贴片天线,增益提高了8.68 dB.在此基础上,采用均匀等辐并联馈电网络,实际制作并测试了一个4×4元高增益微带贴片平面天线阵.测试结果表明:天线阵在12.0-13.0 GHz的频带内均满足驻波比小于2.0(VSWR<2.0);在中心频率12.5 GHz处,天线阵增益可以达到22.23 dB,副瓣电平小于-13.5 dB,相对于普通4×4元微带贴片天线阵,增益提高了近一倍,这样的结构在平面天线阵小型化领域应用前景广阔.     

一种高增益低RCS微带天线设计

设计了一种基于人工电磁材料的覆层,并将其应用于微带天线。该覆层由介质板及其两侧的人工周期表面构成,上表面是加载集总电阻的方环贴片,具有宽带吸波特性;下表面是开条带缝和圆环缝的金属贴片,具有部分反射特性。将其加载到微带天线的上方,通过上层的吸波表面吸收入射电磁波并结合下层的部分反射表面与金属地板构成Fabry-Perot(F-P)谐振腔增强天线的定向性,以实现微带天线辐射和散射性能的改善。仿真和实测结果表明加载人工电磁材料覆层后,天线的RCS在2~14GHz宽频带范围内实现了明显的减缩,最大减缩量达到28.3dB而天线的增益在工作频带内都得到了提升,最大提高了4.3dB。