The effect of moderate hemodilution with fluosol-DA or normal saline on acetaminophen disposition in the rat

Hemodilution with 40 ml/kg of Fluosol or saline reduced the acetaminophen Vd and the acetaminophen sulfate ClM at 48 or 72 h, respectively. Fluosol hemodilution increased the acetaminophen renal excretion at 24 and 72 h. But at 48 h, Fluosol hemodilution either inhibited the renal secretion of acetaminophen or enhanced its reabsorption.     

The effect of moderate hemodilution with Fluosol-DA or normal saline on acetaminophen disposition in the rat

Summary Hemodilution with 40 ml/kg of Fluosol or saline reduced the acetaminophen V_d and the acetaminophen sulfate Cl_M at 48 or 72 h, respectively. Fluosol hemodilution increased the acetaminophen renal excretion at 24 and 72 h. But at 48 h, Fluosol hemodilution either inhibited the renal secretion of acetaminophen or enhanced its reabsorption.     

Circadian periodicity in termination of photorefractoriness in the yellow-throated sparrow

Summary Photorefractory male yellow-throated sparrows (Gymnorhis xanthocollis) were subjected to six resonance light cycles, consisting of 6 h basic photophase coupled with scotophases of longer durations (in cycles of 12 (6L6D) h, 24 (6L18D) h, 36 (6L30D) h, 48 (6L42D) h, 60 (6L54D) h and 72 (6L66D) h). Termination of photorefractoriness was evident in cycles of 24, 48 and 72 h, but not in 12, 36 and 60 h. The results are consistent with the external-coincidence model (Bünning hypothesis) and suggest that endogenous circadian rhythmicity is involved in the termination of photorefractoriness.To whom reprint requests should be addressed.This investigation was supported by a UGC grant to PDT and BHU to PMT.     

脂多糖致感染性脑水肿大鼠星形胶质细胞的活化和凋亡

目的通过观察脂多糖（Lipopolysaccharide,LPS）致大鼠感染性脑水肿后星形胶质细胞的凋亡、活化及iNOS表达情况,探讨在LPS致脑水肿中星形胶质细胞的作用。方法84只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为3组：空白对照纽（C组,n=12）;生理盐水对照纽（S组,n=12）;感染性水肿组（L组,n=60）。感染性脑水肿组又按颈内动脉注射脂多糖后6h、12h、24h、48h、72h分为5个亚组（n=12）。向颈内动脉注射脂多糖LPS150μg（0．15ml）建立大鼠感染性脑水肿模型。采用HE染色、流式细胞检测和免疫纽化染色分别观察脑组织病理改变、星形胶质细胞凋亡、胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）和iNOS表达情况。结果与C组和S组比较,L组大鼠星形胶质细胞胞体变大、突起增多;细胞内GFAP和iNOS表达增强,12h达高峰,除72h组,其余亚组均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）;各亚组星形胶质细胞凋亡增多（P〈0．05）,24h凋亡最显著。C组和S纽比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论感染性脑水肿后星形胶质细胞凋亡增加,异常活化,分泌iNOS,参与感染性脑水肿的形成,在脑水肿的发生发展中发挥重要作用。     

Development of human foetal inotropic responses to catecholamines

Résumé L'auteur a étudié la contraction du cur ftal au cours des différents stades de la gestation, avant et après stimulation par les catécholamines. Le tissu humain ftal répond aux catécholamines au fur et à mesure de sa maturation.

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Dr.Coltart is the Mary Scharlieb Research Scholar of the University of London, 1970–72 at present in the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London W.C. 2.     

P-cofilin在癫痫中的表达及意义

目的了解磷酸化 cofilin(P cofilin)在癫痫脑组织中的表达情况,以探讨 cofilin磷酸化形式在癫痫发生、发展中的作用.方法应用蛋白免疫印迹和免疫组化技术检测氯化锂 匹罗卡品大鼠癫痫模型癫痫大发作后各时间点脑组织中 P cofilin的表达水平;并在难治性癫痫患者脑组织中检测 P cofilin的表达情况.结果在氯化锂 匹罗卡品大鼠癫痫模型的24小时、7天和14天 P cofilin表达水平相比正常对照明显下降(P<0.05),而在72小时和60天中 P cofilin表达水平明显升高(P<0.05);而在难治性癫痫患者脑组织中 P cofilin表达水平比非癫痫患者高(P<0.05).结论 P cofilin在氯化锂 匹罗卡品大鼠癫痫模型和难治性癫痫患者脑组织中有明显异常的表达,可能通过易化、稳定异常兴奋性环路而参与癫痫或难治性癫痫的发生、发展     

Mir—92a在癫痫中的表达及意义

目的检测癫痫中 mir 92a表达水平,以探索 mir 92a表达与癫痫发生发展之间的关系.方法应用原位杂交技术检测氯化锂-匹罗卡品大鼠癫痫模型发作后6h、72h、14d和60d脑组织中 mir 92a的表达水平;应用荧光定量 PCR技术在氯化锂-匹罗卡品大鼠癫痫模型各时间点和在难治性癫痫患者脑组织中检测 mir 92a的表达情况.结果在氯化锂-匹罗卡品大鼠癫痫模型的6h、72h(P<0.05)中 mir 92a表达水平相比正常对照下降,而在14d和60d(P<0.05)中 mir 92a表达升高;在难治性癫痫患者脑组织中 mir 92a的表达比非癫痫病人升高(P<0.05).结论 mir 92a在癫痫模型和难治性癫痫患者脑组织中存在异常的表达,可能通过调节钾离子-氯离子联合转运体2表达进而参与了癫痫的发生发展过程     

Kinetics of division in PHA-stimulated pig lymphocytes

Our results indicate that pig lymphocytes in culture complete their 1st division at 24 h. At 36 h there are 9% of cells in 2nd division. 3rd mitosis appears at 48 h; and at 72 h there are cells engaged in the 4th division.     

The effect of hydrocortisone and thyroxine on development of calcium homeostasis in embryonic intestinal epithelium

Cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ concentration of epithelial cells from 14-day embryonic chick duodena decreased during 72 h of organ culture to a value 54% of that found at 17 days in vivo. The ability of cells to maintain a constant Ca²⁺ concentration when challenged with high extracellular calcium was also significantly reduced. Addition of 1 M hydrocortisone during culture restored both parameters of Ca²⁺ homeostasis to that of 16-day uncultured duodena, and rise in cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ was significant within 4 h of hormone treatment. Thyroxine influenced epithelial Ca²⁺ similarly, but to a lesser degree and only after 48–72 h of culture. These data indicate that glucocorticoids, and possibly thyroid hormones, influence the development of calcium homeostasis in intestinal epithelium.     

Acute toxicity of copper and its probable effect on thyroid of the fry ofOphiocephalus punctatus (Bloch)

Summary LC₅₀ values for 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h were estimated at 1.507; 1.065; 0.785; 0.607; 0.559 mg/l copper respectively for the fry ofOphiocephalus punctatus. Copper induced hyperthyroidism resulting in exopthalmos, has been reported for the first time.     

Experimentelle Reversion von Tumorzellen in vivo

Summary European eels with fast growing epidermal papillomas (cauliflower disease) were treated with quinine-sulphate. At concentrations of 15 to 60 mg/l and after 8 weeks of treatment, there occurred newly formed mucous cells and club cells in the tumor tissue. Tight contact between all cells was reestablished. The nucleus-plasma-relation had evidently decreased. Electron microscopical studies showed a restauration of degenerated cell organelles, especially of the outer membrane. Growth rate of the tumors was reduced, and at a concentration of 60 mg/l the tumor tissue ceased growing from the beginning of treatment.     

Post mortem changes in adenylate cyclase activity in rat brain striatum

Adenylate cyclase activity in rat striatum decreased post mortem. Half-lives were about 2.7 h at 22 degrees C, 72 h at 4 degrees C. Differences in stability after death of adenylate cyclase in human brain and rat striatum, and possible heterogenity of the enzyme, are briefly discussed.     

Differential influences of various arsenic compounds on glutathione redox status and antioxidative enzymes in porcine endothelial cells

The cellular response and detoxification mechanisms in porcine endothelial cells (PAECs) to arsenic trioxide (As2O3), sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4) were investigated. NaAsO2 at 20 microM for 72 h increased Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity resulting in elevated intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels, but As2O3 and Na2HAsO4 did not. Trivalent arsenic compounds increased intracellular oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and total glutathione (GSH) and cellular glutathione peroxidase (cGPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, but not glutathione reductase activity. The increased cGPX activity resulted in an elevated cellular GSSG content. Na2HAsO4 increased the cellular GSSG level at 72 h compared to controls. These results imply that the increased GSH content responding to the oxidative stress by trivalent arsenic compounds may be mainly related to the regulation of GSH turnover. The increased GST activity implies that the elevated intracellular GSH level responding to the oxidative stress may be used to conjugate arsenic in PAECs and facilitate arsenic efflux.     

Attività enolasica del plasma e del fegato nell'epatite sperimentale de virus MHV-3 Craig

Summary In experimental hepatitis from MHV-3 Craig strain, the enolase activity of plasma increases significatively from 48^th h of the infection, reaching the highest values at 72–96^th h.The same activity in the liver decreases only after 72^th h, while in the precocious stages of the infection it is unmodified.The physiopathological significance of the enzymatic modification in the plasma is related to the liver necrosis (enzymo-plasmatic syndrome of virus hepatitis).     

Post mortem changes in adenylate cyclase activity in rat brain striatum

Summary Adenylate cyclase activity in rat striatum decreased post mortem. Half-lives were about 2.7 h at 22°C, 72 h at 4°C. Differences in stability after death of adenylate cyclase in human brain and rat striatum, and possible heterogenity of the enzyme, are briefly discussed.We thank Miss Karin Eckert for excellent technical assistance.     

Kinetics of division in PHA-stimulated pig lymphocytes

Summary Our results indicate that pig lymphocytes in culture complete their 1st division at 24 h. At 36 h there are 9% of cells in 2nd division. 3rd mitosis appears at 48 h; and at 72 h there are cells engaged in the 4th division.This work was supported by grants from the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Organization of American States and the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas.We wish to thank for the technical assistance of Mr J. Serraïno.     

Critical period and ecdysone titers in the pupae ofPieris brassicae

Summary The ecdysone titer in the haemolymph of pupae of Pieris brassicae shows a sharp peak (1.90 g/ml) on days 5 and 6 of the pupal stage. Isolated abdomens were able to form adult abdomens at 72 h, this being 2 or 3 days before maximum ecdysone levels and at a time when the concentration of hormone in the abdominal haemolymph was only 0.23 g/ml.     

Effect of actinomycin D on Trypanosoma cruzi

Viable metacyclic forms of T. cruzi, Y strain, treated with an adequate dose of actinomycin D (50 micrograms Act-D/ml/10(7) parasites/ml for 72 h at 28 degrees C) showed the following properties: 1) they lost their ability to replicate in culture medium, in blood and in tissues of normal mice and were no longer able to incorporate tritiated thymidine; 2) they could not penetrate into Vero cells and could not replicate inside normal macrophages; 3) they retained their immunogenicity and the ability to protect mice against a virulent infection; 4) they did not induce histological lesions as described in chronic experimental Chagas' disease.     

The cellular immune response to heat shock proteins

T lymphocytes, which are central to almost every immune response, frequently recognize microbial hsp60. Such cells could provide an early defense mechanism against pathogenic microbes. However, T cells also recognize epitopes of hsp60 shared by microbe and host. Not only conventional / T cells respond to hsp60; / T cells do so, as well. In fact, certain / T cells seem to have a particular preference for this molecule. Recognition of stressed host cells expressing hsp60 could facilitate the scavenger function of the T cell system. On the other hand, such recognition could be involved in autoimmune disease.     

氧化苦参碱对人宫颈癌SiHa细胞株增殖及凋亡的影响

目的研究氧化苦参碱对体外人宫颈癌SiHa细胞株增殖活性及凋亡的影响。方法对人宫颈癌SiHa细胞株进行体外培养,经氧化苦参碱处理的细胞组为实验组,未经处理组为对照组。采用MTT细胞存活实验检测氧化苦参碱对入宫颈鳞癌SiHa细胞的增殖影响,并计算IC50;倒置相差显微镜下观察不同浓度的氧化苦参碱作用48h后SiHa细胞的形态改变;Hoechst33258染色法和Western blot法检测氧化苦参碱对SiHa细胞核及凋亡相关蛋白(P53、Bax及Bcl-2)表达水平的影响。结果 MTT结果显示氧化苦参碱剂量-时间依耐性抑制人宫颈癌SiHa细胞的体外增殖(P0.05),计算24 h、48 h和72 h的IC50分别为(1 028.41±3.57)μg/ml、(701.72±6.01)μg/ml和(406.88±2.15)μg/ml;氧化苦参碱处理48 h后,SiHa细胞的形态特征及数目发生显著变化,且随氧化苦参碱浓度的增加而愈加明显;Hoechst33258染色证实氧化苦参碱处理后SiHa细胞发生凋亡,可见典型的凋亡特征;Western blot结果证实氧化苦参碱(700μg/ml、1 600μg/ml)处理48 h后,和对照组比较,药物处理组细胞凋亡周期蛋白P53、Bax表达上调(P0.05),而Bcl-2表达下调(P0.05),Bax/Bcl-2的比率明显增加(P0.05)。结论氧化苦参碱可抑制体外人宫颈癌SiHa细胞的体外增殖活性发挥其抗肿瘤作用,其作用机制可能诱导SiHa细胞的凋亡有关。