解析“气候变化”

简要介绍了气候变化的基本概念、气候变化的成因以及国际社会为保护全球气候所做努力的进程。各国在保护气候的责任和义务分担以及需要采取的具体行动等方面进行着艰难的谈判,全球应对气候变化的征程依然漫长。     

解析"气候变化"

简要介绍了气候变化的基本概念、气候变化的成因以及国际社会为保护全球气候所做努力的进程.各国在保护气候的责任和义务分担以及需要采取的具体行动等方面进行着艰难的谈判,全球应对气候变化的征程依然漫长.     

解析“气候变化”

简要介绍了气候变化的基本概念、气候变化的成因以及国际社会为保护全球气候所做努力的进程。各国在保护气候的责任和义务分担以及需要采取的具体行动等方面进行着艰难的谈判,全球应对气候变化的征程依然漫长。     

气候变化科学事实及其相关问题争论评述

当前气候政策已实施了几十年之久,但围绕着气候变化的争论始终存在,而且愈演愈烈。本文通过研究,疏理了当前在气候变化科学事实和形成原因的争论,在气候预测模型和影响评估的争论,在气候变化科学认知以及气候资源属性的争论,试图从哲学角度提出这些争论的根源:即需要另辟蹊径解决气候变化研究的不确定问题;加强气候变化科学自主性的研究;优先权制度成为了气候变化科学研究的一把双刃剑,注重对气候变化重大问题顶层设计,注重科学传播的重要性。     

气候变化背景下,高寒草地牧草长势监测和牧草产量预报系统的研制

1立项背景（1）中国西藏和加拿大的高寒草地分布区气候变化明显,然而气候变化对高寒草地的影响研究很少,此项研究的执行有利于制定合理的高寒草原应对气候变化策略全球气候变化的显著特点是气温升高、     

全球变化对生态系统服务的影响

全球变化通过改变生态系统结构和功能,显著影响了全球生态系统服务的提供,严重威胁了人类的生存环境及社会经济的可持续发展。在综述全球变化对生态系统服务研究的基础上,研究以"压力—状态—响应"框架为主线,主要内容包括:(1)通过对过去30年全球变化背景下主要生态系统的变化及驱动机制分析,揭示全球气候变化对生态系统的影响与作用机理;(2)发展和完善多因子、多元素耦合的生态系统机理模型和全球尺度的生态系统服务评估方法,揭示气候变化对生态系统生产力与碳固持、水源涵养、土壤保持等生态系统主要调节服务的影响机制和效应;(3)在此基础上综合分析全球变化背景下的环境要素特征与生态系统功能和服务,形成面向全球变化的生态功能区划方案,并根据未来气候变化情景下的生态系统服务提供能力,提出适应性管理对策。研究结果对于我国减缓和适应全球气候变化以及提高国际学术影响力具有重要意义。     

香山科学会议第496—500次学术讨论会简述

2014年5月18日至2014年6月6日,香山科学会议陆续召开了主题为:"混合医学成像:理论、技术及应用"、"适应全球气候变化问题研究"、"古今对话:分子遗传与古生物信息的整合研究"、"空间太阳能电站发展的机遇与挑战"、"中国特色新型城镇化的科学认知与区域战略"的第496—500次学术讨论会。     

大气组成变化及其影响与对策研究

气候变化，特别是全球变暧已经成为世界各国高度关注的问题，中国的情况亦不例外。地球气候变化的原因可以归为自然和人为两大类。政府间气候变化专门委员会报告（IPCCAR4）认为，对大部分观测到的20世纪中叶以来的全球温度上升来说，很可能是人为大气CO2等温室气体浓度增加引起的，     

大尺度土地利用变化对全球气候的影响

全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划"大尺度土地利用变化对全球气候的影响"项目集中了国内外土地利用、气候、生态等领域的高水平研究机构,从"全球视角"出发,通过国际对比揭示与评估局地、区域和全球尺度土地利用/土地覆盖变化(Land-Use and Land-Cover Change,LUCC)过程对气候变化与生态系统的影响,不仅可以为全球变化与地球系统模式研究提供理论基础,而且对于科学调控人类土地利用行为,缓减与适应全球气候变化具有重要意义。本文简要介绍了该项目近5年取得的重要研究成果。     

地球整体和区域气候震荡性变化的自然因素和预测方法

中国人对"地球离极自转"和"冰河期形成因为"的科学发现,为研究全球气候的自然变化规律和预测方法提供了科学依据.地球所处的宇宙环境和自身的基本运动形式,直接影响着太阳热能对地球表面的辐射和分布的变化,这种变化是引起全球整体气候变化和区域性气候变化的自然因素.通过观测地球表面位置相对于空间纬度的变化趋势,能有效预测地球各区域气候的变化趋势.地球整体和区域气候变化是有规律的,加强气候变化的科学研究,发现气候变化的自然因素和规律,找到整体和区域气候变化的预测方法,是我国经济发展的迫切需要.     

应对气候变化——资本主义的挑战与社会主义的道路

气候变化关乎人类共同体的命运,是全人类需要共同面对的问题.当今世界,绝大多数的国家都在走资本主义道路,因此解决气候变化问题就与资本主义制度休戚相关.在气候变化问题上,资本主义国家的应对策略变幻莫测、反复无常,始终不能一贯性地履行全球责任.市场经济体制以及自由民主体制是资本主义制度的两大核心要素,从这两个方面入手,可以分...     

全球变化背景下的几个科技名词

随着人们对全球变化（global change）的关注和研究，这一领域出现了很多科技名词，对这些名词进行统一定名、合理释义非常必要。文章结合国际上全球变化问题的研究进展分析了几个典型名词。     

全球变化背景下的几个科技名词

随着人们对全球变化（global change）的关注和研究，这一领域出现了很多科技名词，对这些名词进行统一定名、合理释义非常必要。文章结合国际上全球变化问题的研究进展分析了几个典型名词。     

全球化进程中的卫生外交

随着全球化的进程,卫生治理先后出现了国家卫生治理、国际卫生治理和全球卫生治理等形式,当然国家层面下还有地方性卫生治理。卫生治理方式的改变带来了卫生外交的出现和发展,从隔离检疫制度作为最初的卫生外交的载体,到国际卫生大会的召开,国际公共卫生公约的颁布和修改,区域性国际卫生组织的出现,再到世界卫生组织的建立,卫生外交以国际卫生外交为主要形式走过了数百年的历程,而现在随着非政府组织、私人基金会、跨国公司,乃至个人在全球卫生治理中发挥着越来越大的影响力,卫生外交步入了全球卫生外交的时期。     

全球变暖的人类行为调控

全球变暖是各国关注的问题,并且全球变暖没有减缓趋势。导致全球变暖有诸如全球正处于温暖期、地球自身的状态变化等自然因素,但是,主要是人为因素诸如焚烧化石矿物、植被的减少、建筑物的增加加剧全球变暖;需要从技术合作、气候变化的国际行动、转变经济发展方式等角度,调控人类的生产和生活行为方式。     

From Change to Spacetime: An Eleatic Journey

I present a formal ontological theory where the basic building blocks of the world can be either things or events. In any case, the result is a Parmenidean worldview where change is not a global property. What we understand by change manifests as asymmetries in the pattern of the world-lines that constitute 4-dimensional existents. I maintain that such a view is in accord with current scientific knowledge.     

Understanding Pluralism in Climate Modeling

To study Earth’s climate, scientists now use a variety of computer simulation models. These models disagree in some of their assumptions about the climate system, yet they are used together as complementary resources for investigating future climatic change. This paper examines and defends this use of incompatible models. I argue that climate model pluralism results both from uncertainty concerning how to best represent the climate system and from difficulties faced in evaluating the relative merits of complex models. I describe how incompatible climate models are used together in ‘multi-model ensembles’ and explain why this practice is reasonable, given scientists’ inability to identify a ‘best’ model for predicting future climate. Finally, I characterize climate model pluralism as involving both an ontic competitive pluralism and a pragmatic integrative pluralism.     

"If You Don't Know How to Fix it, Please Stop Breaking it!" The Precautionary Principle and Climate Change

Taking precautions to prevent harm. Whether principe de précaution, Vorsorgeprinzip, føre-var prinsippet, or försiktighetsprincip, etc., the precautionary principle embodies the idea that public and private interests should act to prevent harm. Furthermore, the precautionary principle suggests that action should be taken to limit, regulate, or prevent potentially dangerous undertakings even in the absence of absolute scientific proof. Such measures also naturally entail taking economic costs into account. With the environmental disasters of the 1980s, the precautionary principle established itself as an operational concept. On the eve of the 1997 Climate Summit in Kyoto, precaution, as the precautionary principle is often referred to, has now become a key legal principle in environmental law, in general, and in current international climate negotiations, in particular, attempts to understand why. It examines in turn the natural affinity between the precautionary principle and climate change, reviews a series of issues which the principle raises, and discusses avenues which it opens paper, climate change fulfills the theoretical requirements set for the application of the precautionary principle. It comes as no surprise that the actual application of the precautionary principle in the context of climate change raises high political stakes. As a result, climate change science, in particular, and science, in general, is under the fire of politically-motivated scientific skeptics. Thus, by way of the counter-measures which must be put into effect, the precautionary principle calls for a greater sense of responsibility on the part of scientists and the public at large. Specifically, from scientists, it demands perseverance in rigor, excellence in communication, and committment to education. However, even if special efforts are made to implement the precautionary principle in the context of climate change, the success of climate change mitigation will constitute no test of the validity, the usefulness, or the efficiency of the precautionary principle. Indeed, the degree to which climate change mitigation succeeds only provides a measure of our kind's ability to manage responsibly the global commons which we inherited from our ancestors and which our generation enjoys, the global commons which we will pass on to today's children and to generations to come.     

Greenhouse Effects in Global Warming based on Analogical Reasoning

Using an analogy in science and everyday life is a double-edged sword because they are accompanied by alternative ideas, in addition to scientific concepts. Schools and public education explain global warming by making a common analogy between this phenomenon and greenhouse effects (Chen in Philos Cogn Sci 105–114, 2012). Unfortunately, this analogy sometimes produces various incorrect explanatory mental models. To construct a correct understanding of global warming, it is necessary: first, to investigate the attributes of analogical reasoning; second, to understand these features by restructuring the greenhouse analogy; and third, to explore the problems and benefits of the greenhouse analogy. The characteristics of relations, rather than objects, must be mapped according to the principle of systematicity, but the public tends to preserve the attributes of the base domain, which is mapped relatively easily. In conclusion, certain facets of the prevailing greenhouse analogy cause a distorted public view of climate change. We must use the greenhouse analogy and yet simultaneously emphasize the relations and attributes highlighted and hidden in the analogy during evaluation.     

全球生态可持续发展的墨家智慧——对墨家"兼相爱,交相利"思想的当代解读

生态可持续发展是一个全球性问题。中国古代墨家的相关智慧对有效地解决这一问题提供了颇具现实性的思路。墨家“兼相爱,交相利”的思想不仅为问题的解决提供了构建“兼爱”共同体的总体范式,而且其“志功合一”、“爱无差等”、“取其大者”的思想还为全球生态的可持续发展提供了具体的实现路径。