对称PB方程在带电胶粒相互作用能计算中的应用

考虑到胶体分散系中所有带电胶粒 (胶体粒子 )之间的作用 ,由 Ornstein- Zernike方程的维里展开式导出了对称的 Poisson- Boltzmann方程 .利用此方程 ,算出了带正电的胶体粒子和介质中 1 - 1对称二元电解质离子的静电内势能 ,并将它们与 PB方程的计算结果做了对比     

有关球对称时空中荷电粒子的一类量子效应

分别从KG方程和Dirac方程入手,利用简化后的二维不变线元,直接给出了粒子的径向方程和视界面方程公式,为研究球对称黑洞中标量粒子和矢量粒子的量子效应提供了一个更简单的方法     

一般球对称带电蒸发黑洞Dirac粒子的Hawking辐射

本文给出了一般球对称带电蒸发黑洞中Dirac方程在视界面附近有物理意义的解，导出了视界面方程、温度公式以及不同自旋取向的Dirac粒子对应的Hawking热谱公式，从而解决了Dirac粒子在一般球对称带电蒸发黑洞中的Hawking辐射问题。     

球对称黑洞中旋量粒子的辐射规律

改进了研究球对称黑洞中旋量粒子Ｈａｗｋｉｎ辐射的方法,利用新方法直接给出旋量粒子的径向方程给出视界面公式,视界温度函数公式和Ｈａｗｋｉｎｇ辐射规律。     

广义球对称带电蒸发黑洞的普朗克绝对熵

利用Dirac方程研究黑洞内视界附近旋量粒子的Hawlking吸收，重新定义黑洞的熵，给出了广义球对称带电蒸发黑洞的普朗克绝对熵。     

用旋量零标架方法导出球对称动态黑洞时空中Dirac粒子的能级

用旋量零标架方法对球对称动态黑洞时空中旋量粒子的Dirac方程分离变量，并退耦为普通微分方程组，从所获得的径向方程和角向方程出发，进一步导出了Dirac粒子的能级方程．得到了粒子的能量分布不仅与粒子的质量、自旋量子数、角量子数、磁量子数有关，还与黑洞周围的时空结构及视界的变化有关．     

用旋量零标架方法导出球对称带电蒸发黑洞时空中Dirac粒子的能级

用旋量零标架方法对球对称带电蒸发黑洞时空中旋量粒子的Dirac方程分离变量，并退耦为普通微分方程组，从所获得的径向方程和角向方程出发，进一步导出了Dirac粒子的能级方程．得到了粒子的能量分布不仅与粒子的质量、自旋量子数、角量子数、磁量子数有关，还与黑洞周围的时空结构及视界的变化有关．     

一维对称势阱定态薛定谔方程的解

一维对称势阱定态薛定谔方程的解余雷（贵州师大物理系贵阳５５０００１）解一维对称势阱的定态薛定谔方程是量子力学的一个基本问题，许多作者都用自己的方法处理过该问题［１］，［２］．本文从量子力学的基本假设出发，尽可能广泛地研究此方程的解。质量为ｍ的粒子在宽...     

广义球对称带电蒸发黑洞周围时空中标量粒子的能量

利用弯曲时空中标量粒子运动的Hamilton-Jacobin方程,研究广义球对称带电蒸发黑洞周围时空中标量粒子的能量.得到了粒子的能量不仅与粒子的质量有关,还与黑洞的时空结构及视界的变化率有关.给出了发生自发辐射的能量条件.     

用Spinless Salpeter方程求解超对称束缚态质谱

超对称理论（SUSY）是TeV能级以上新物理的一种备受关注的可能理论框架.在该理论中,预言了超对称伴粒子的存在.其中,超对称粒子-最轻标量轻子τ1的寿命可能比较长,有可能与其他粒子形成超对称束缚态.采用Spinless Salpeter方程来描述超对称束缚态.Spinless Salpeter方程是Bethe-Salpeter方程的一种很好的近似,是Schrodinger方程的相对论推广.一般情况,Spinless Salpeter方程没有解析解,所以用数值方法求解Spinless Salpeter方程得到超对称束缚态τe,τμ,τp（或它们的反粒子）的质谱（或者束缚能）.     

结合自由能微扰积分法及其在药物研发中的应用

以分子动力学为基础的泊松-玻尔兹曼（或广义玻恩）分子表面法（Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann（or Generalized Born）Surface Area,MM/PB（GB）SA）在药物研发过程中取得巨大成功。与MM/PB（GB）SA计算相比,结合自由能微扰积分法通过构建严谨的热力学循环,可对结合自由能进行精确计算,但因为其计算量巨大,所以在实际中应用相对较少。近年来,随着高性能计算机的发展和动力学模拟技术的革新,基于结合自由能微扰积分法的结合自由能计算逐渐成为研究热点。本文简要介绍了以分子动力学为基础的结合自由能微扰积分法的计算过程及其相关联的限制势增强动力学采样技术,并通过具体的实例展现结合自由能微扰积分法在药物研发中的应用前景。     

Ionic colloidal crystals of oppositely charged particles

Colloidal suspensions are widely used to study processes such as melting, freezing and glass transitions. This is because they display the same phase behaviour as atoms or molecules, with the nano- to micrometre size of the colloidal particles making it possible to observe them directly in real space. Another attractive feature is that different types of colloidal interactions, such as long-range repulsive, short-range attractive, hard-sphere-like and dipolar, can be realized and give rise to equilibrium phases. However, spherically symmetric, long-range attractions (that is, ionic interactions) have so far always resulted in irreversible colloidal aggregation. Here we show that the electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged particles can be tuned such that large ionic colloidal crystals form readily, with our theory and simulations confirming the stability of these structures. We find that in contrast to atomic systems, the stoichiometry of our colloidal crystals is not dictated by charge neutrality; this allows us to obtain a remarkable diversity of new binary structures. An external electric field melts the crystals, confirming that the constituent particles are indeed oppositely charged. Colloidal model systems can thus be used to study the phase behaviour of ionic species. We also expect that our approach to controlling opposite-charge interactions will facilitate the production of binary crystals of micrometre-sized particles, which could find use as advanced materials for photonic applications.     

部分带电胶体系统排空力的Monte Carlo模拟

用Monte Carlo方法模拟了部分带电胶球系统,并通过接受率方法获得该体系的排空势、排空力,发现排空力与库仑力的合力存在长程吸引。     

辐射电场力对相对论磁化等离子体碰撞项的贡献

在相对论磁化等离子体内，粒子间辐射电场力对广义玻耳兹曼方程中碰撞项的贡献不能忽略。本文导出了这碰撞项的解析表式。     

纳米管道中德拜层的电势分布

基于净电荷守恒理论,提出了一种新的计算细长纳米管道内德拜层重叠时电势分布和离子浓度分布的理论模型.为了验证双电层是否重叠,首先根据德拜层的准确定义,用经典的泊松-玻尔兹曼方程来确定有效德拜层的长度.当有效德拜层的长度超过管道高度的一半时,符合重叠条件.在综合考虑管道高度、泊松-玻尔兹曼方程及离子浓度的条件下,根据电荷守恒计算出电势分布和离子浓度分布.结果表明,随着管道高度减少,壁面和管道中心电势差也减小,与实验结果一致.     

关于泊松方程的解--《电动力学》教学札记

电势所满足的泊松方程是一个非齐次的二阶偏微分方程。争方程的途径很多，但在许多情况下很难求解方程，本文具体讨论了几种情况下求解方程的方法。     

感应磁场力对相对论磁化等离子体碰撞项的贡献

在相对论磁化等离子体内，除库仑和感应电场力外，粒子间的感应磁场力相互作用将对广义玻耳兹曼方程中碰撞项有贡献．本文导出了这个碰撞项的解析表式．     

Evidence for a macroscopic electric field in the sedimentation profiles of charged colloids

The determination of molecular masses from barometric sedimentation profiles, a main topic in ultracentrifugal analysis, is thought to be quantitatively correct for non-interacting particles. Whereas this expectation is justified for uncharged colloids or macromolecules at low volume fractions, early ultracentrifugation studies on charged particles had already indicated that the obtained masses might be much too low. More recently, expanded sedimentation profiles have been observed for charged particles, sometimes inflated by orders of magnitude relative to the barometric prediction, which highlights a shortcoming in our understanding of centrifugation of even very dilute charged species. Theory and simulations, anticipated by various authors, now propose that strongly non-barometric sedimentation profiles might be caused by an internal macroscopic electric field that, even for non-interacting particles, significantly decreases the buoyant particle mass. The existence of this field and its intriguing consequences still lack experimental verification. Here we report ultracentrifugation experiments on charged colloidal silica spheres, showing both the existence of such a macroscopic electric field and its drastic effects on the sedimentation profiles of very dilute dispersions at low ionic strength.     

High-energy particle acceleration in the shell of a supernova remnant

A significant fraction of the energy density of the interstellar medium is in the form of high-energy charged particles (cosmic rays). The origin of these particles remains uncertain. Although it is generally accepted that the only sources capable of supplying the energy required to accelerate the bulk of Galactic cosmic rays are supernova explosions, and even though the mechanism of particle acceleration in expanding supernova remnant (SNR) shocks is thought to be well understood theoretically, unequivocal evidence for the production of high-energy particles in supernova shells has proven remarkably hard to find. Here we report on observations of the SNR RX J1713.7 - 3946 (G347.3 - 0.5), which was discovered by ROSAT in the X-ray spectrum and later claimed as a source of high-energy gamma-rays of TeV energies (1 TeV = 10(12) eV). We present a TeV gamma-ray image of the SNR: the spatially resolved remnant has a shell morphology similar to that seen in X-rays, which demonstrates that very-high-energy particles are accelerated there. The energy spectrum indicates efficient acceleration of charged particles to energies beyond 100 TeV, consistent with current ideas of particle acceleration in young SNR shocks.