Cu,O元素的性质与高温超导氧化物

从新的角度由Cu,O元素的电子构型,及电子构型决定的元素性质参数,分析了Cu,O在高Tc氧化物超导体中的成键特点,首次揭示了Cu,O在铜氧系列氧化物高温超导体中的作用本质起因,得出了:Cu,O元素的电子构型所决定的成键特点是铜氧系列氧化物高温超导体超导电性的根本内禀因素。取得了诠释含Cu高温氧化物超导体有别于其他含氧超导体Tc差异大的本质因素。     

Zn元素在高TC氧化物超导体中的作用

元素替代效应是研究高TC氧化物超导体的电子结构、晶体结构变化及宏观物性间相互关联、相互制约的重要途径,是获得高TC超导氧化物的重要手段。本文就高TC氧化物超导体中的Zn元素替代效应,尤其对Y系、Bi系高TC氧化物超导体的CuO2平面上Cu(2)位部分取代,导致TC被强烈抑制的机理进行了分析研究,讨论了从中给出的有关高温氧化物超导电性微观机制的信息。     

大块金属玻璃及高熵合金的合金化作用

摘要研究了合金化对大块金属玻璃和高熵合金的组织和性能的影响．结果表明Nb元素能有效改善W纤维／Zr基大块非晶复合材料的界面结合状态,从而改善材料的力学性能;稀土Y元素大的原子半径,使合金形成的晶体产生附加的晶格畸变能,从而降低晶体的稳定性,进而使得合金玻璃形成能力也相应提高,所产生晶格畸变能的大小与形成晶体的致密度有关;Mg基大块非晶合金可以通过合金化生成长周期相韧化的复合材料,从而具有优异的塑性变形能力和比强度;高熵合金通过适当合金化手段能够形成以无序固溶体为主的组织,并具有不弱于大块非晶合金的室温力学性能．     

Cu、O同位素效应与高Tc超导体超导电性机理

Cu元素、O元素在铜氧化物高Tc超导体中对超导电性的产生,超导转变温度的变化,掺杂元素的特征效应具有决定性作用。对Cu元素、O元素的性质特征认识,成键特点,以及在铜氧化物高Tc超导体中的同位素效应清楚的理解,对全面揭示高Tc铜氧化物超导体超导电性机理具有关键作用。通过分析Cu元素、O元素在铜氧化物超导体中的同位素效应,得出了高Tc铜氧化物超导电性的机理仍是电声机制,CuO2平面上的Cu元素,O元素的声子直接参于电声子配对,CuO2平面上的Cu、O元素的键态的声子模对电声配对具有决定性作用。     

超导电性理论的合理性

通过类比分析了元素超导体、合金超导体、氧化物超导体 ,有机物超导体的构成粒子 ,基于除去粒子在质量、半径、电子态上有差别外 ,可归结为负电粒子和正电粒子的事实 ,电性理论是合理的。     

滇东地区含煤岩系微量元素特征及含铂性分析

采用浓集化学光谱(C-OES)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)等方法对滇东地区晚古生代及中、新生代21件含煤岩系全岩样品的22种微量元素及化学组分进行了测试分析,发现各时代含煤岩系均有不同程度Pt与Pd富集现象,且Pd/Pt＜1.其中,下石炭统万寿山组含煤岩系富集As,Pt,B,Au,Pd,V,Sb,U,Pb,W等元素;下二叠统梁山组含煤岩系富集B,Mo,As,Pt,U,W,Pb,Pd,V等元素;上二叠统宣威组含煤岩系富集Pt,Cu,Mo,Pd,As,V,Ag等元素;上三叠统须家河组含煤岩系富集As,B,Pb,Pt,Pd,U,W,Sb,Mo,Zn,Ag等元素;上新统茨营组褐煤富集Pt,As,Pb.结合沉积环境、火山活动等地质分析,宣威组含煤岩系中Pt-Pd-Cu等元素富集可能与二叠纪玄武岩(峨眉山玄武岩)有关.     

高T_c铜氧化物超导体的低密度载流子特征

用电负性均衡原理研究在高Tc铜氧化物超导体中由于元素中有化学键的形成,形成了低密度载流子浓度并对超导电性产生了强烈的影响;由于元素之间形成化学键,电子密度的分布在超导材料中的不均匀性,使得超导材料中形成宏观物理性质不同的板块结构。     

氧在高温氧化物超导体中的作用

通过氧对高温氧化物超导体的超导电性影响的研究，得出氧在高温氧化物超导体中的作用有两个方面：Ⅰ是影响起导体的晶体结构；Ⅱ是影响载流子的浓度。     

压力对高温氧化物超导体电声子耦合常数的影响

本文利用超导体的强耦合理论,在改进的Tc公式下研究了压力对YBa2Cu3O7高温氧化物超导体电声子耦合常数λ的影响,得到?lnλ?lnV随压强增加而线性减少的结果。     

Gd掺杂CeO2改性材料催化性能的理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,研究了一种新型改性催化材料—Gd掺杂Ce O2型催化剂,在燃料电池烃类燃料蒸汽重组反应过程中的催化性能.对比研究了3种掺杂比率下Ce1-xGdxO2(x=0,0.10,0.15)掺杂元素Gd对Ce O2的晶体相结构、氧缺陷形成过程以及表面积碳过程的影响.计算给出了相应掺杂比率下的氧缺陷形成能以及晶体表面吸附石墨烯的吸附能;结果表明:随着掺杂量的增大,氧缺陷形成能减小,晶体相对石墨烯的吸附能增大;分析掺杂前后改性催化材料的电子结构和原子结构的变化,说明Gd掺杂会导致Ce O2晶体表面结构畸变收缩,有效活化表面氧;同时利用化学平衡原理证明了Gd掺杂后的催化材料可以有效抑制表面碳沉积,从理论角度解释了改性催化材料在烃类燃料蒸汽重组反应过程中的作用机制.     

A Bragg glass phase in the vortex lattice of a type II superconductor

Although crystals are usually quite stable, they are sensitive to a disordered environment: even an infinitesimal amount of impurities can lead to the destruction of crystalline order. The resulting state of matter has been a long-standing puzzle. Until recently it was believed to be an amorphous state in which the crystal would break into 'crystallites'. But a different theory predicts the existence of a novel phase of matter: the so-called Bragg glass, which is a glass and yet nearly as ordered as a perfect crystal. The 'lattice' of vortices that contain magnetic flux in type II superconductors provide a good system to investigate these ideas. Here we show that neutron-diffraction data of the vortex lattice provides unambiguous evidence for a weak, power-law decay of the crystalline order characteristic of a Bragg glass. The theory also predicts accurately the electrical transport properties of superconductors; it naturally explains the observed phase transitions and the dramatic jumps in the critical current associated with the melting of the Bragg glass. Moreover, the model explains experiments as diverse as X-ray scattering in disordered liquid crystals and the conductivity of electronic crystals.     

Unconventional superconductivity in PuCoGa5

In the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity, electrons form (Cooper) pairs through an interaction mediated by vibrations in the underlying crystal structure. Like lattice vibrations, antiferromagnetic fluctuations can also produce an attractive interaction creating Cooper pairs, though with spin and angular momentum properties different from those of conventional superconductors. Such interactions have been implicated for two disparate classes of materials--the copper oxides and a set of Ce- and U-based compounds. But because their transition temperatures differ by nearly two orders of magnitude, this raises the question of whether a common pairing mechanism applies. PuCoGa5 has a transition temperature intermediate between those classes and therefore may bridge these extremes. Here we report measurements of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate and Knight shift in PuCoGa5, which demonstrate that it is an unconventional superconductor with properties as expected for antiferromagnetically mediated superconductivity. Scaling of the relaxation rates among all of these materials (a feature not exhibited by their Knight shifts) establishes antiferromagnetic fluctuations as a likely mechanism for their unconventional superconductivity and suggests that related classes of exotic superconductors may yet be discovered.     

Flux-Bridgman growth and characterization of Mn-doped ZnO single crystals

Mn-doped ZnO single crystals have been grown by the flux-Bridgman method from a high temperature solution of 24% ZnO-76%PbF_2(molar fraction).A fast nucleation was induced by the gas-cooling system at the bottom of the Pt crucible.A red Mn.ZnO crystal up to 13 mm×15 mm×(3-4) mm was obtained.Powder XRD patterns showed that the as-grown crystals were in wurtzite structure.Electron Probe Microanalyser(EPMA) revealed that some PbF_2 inclusions formed due to fast nucleation.The additional Raman mode at 524 cm ' ...     

高温氧化物超导体晶体结构研究

本文详细介绍了通过X射线衍射来研究超导体晶体的原理与方法,较为精确地计算了Bi系超导材料中80K和110K相的点阵参数及其晶体衍射峰的晶面间距和强度。理论计算与实验结果能很好符合,验证了Tarascon给出的晶体模型的正确性。     

等规聚苯乙烯单链单晶的结构和耐辐照性能

利用电子衍射（ED）和高分辨电子显微（HREM）技术，研究等规聚苯乙烯（i－PS）单链单晶的结构．纳米级的单链单晶具有很强的耐电子辐照性能．按照i－PS的晶胞能对ED图中的衍射环和HREM像中的晶格条纹进行晶面指标化，但发现低指数衍射缺失．由于单链单晶的尺寸很小，电子辐照所产生的次级电子可以逸出晶体，使辐照损伤大大减小．另外，单链单晶存在着较少的低指数晶面，未能产生足够的衍射强度，使低指数晶面的衍射缺失．单链单晶对电子辐照稳定，在室温下，可得到高分辨晶格条纹象，这为研究高分子晶体的结构开辟了新的实验方法．     

Superconductivity in single crystals of the fullerene C70.

The observation of superconductivity in doped C60 has attracted much attention, as these materials represent an entirely new class of superconductors. A maximum transition temperature (Tc) of 40 K has been reported for electron-doped C60 crystals, while a Tc of 52 K has been seen in hole-doped crystals; only the copper oxide superconductors have higher transition temperatures. The results for C60 raise the intriguing questions of whether conventional electron-phonon coupling alone can produce such high transition temperatures, and whether even higher transition temperatures might be observed in other fullerenes. There have, however, been no confirmed reports of superconductivity in other fullerenes, though it has recently been observed in carbon nanotubes. Here we report the observation of superconductivity in single crystals of electric-field-doped C70. The maximum transition temperature of about 7 K is achieved when the sample is doped to approximately four electrons per C70 molecule, which corresponds to a half-filled conduction band. We anticipate superconductivity in smaller fullerenes at temperatures even higher than in C60 if the right charge density can be induced.     

铜氧化物高温超导体的晶体结构和物理性能研究

阐述了铜氧化物高温超导体的晶体结构 ,指出导电区、蓄电区的划分和电子相图是铜氧化物高温超导体重要的共性特征 .介绍了分块模型及其在研究晶体结合能、弹性模量中的应用 ,对铜氧化物高温超导体结构和性能之间的关系作了探讨 .最后对当前高温超导体研究的几个热点问题及其应用前景予以简介 .     

Microstru cture and oxygen storage capacity of Sr-modified Pt/CeO2 –ZrO2catalysts

Strontium was introduced into CeO2–ZrO2 mixed oxides (CZ) by doping and impreg-nation metho ds, and then Pt was impregnated on the Sr-modifie d CZ to obtain the catalysts. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-photon spectra (XPS), high-resolution transmission electronic microscopy (HRTEM) and H2 temperature programmed reduction (TPR) were carried out to characterize the micro-structure and reducibility of catalysts. The oxygen storage capacity (OSC) was evaluated with CO serving as probe gas. The results showed that the incorporation of Sr₂₊ in the lattice of CZ could promote the OSC properties by increasing the structure defects and enhancing the diffusion rate of oxygen from bulk to surface. For the Sr-impregnated sample, the strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) between Pt and CZ was interrupted, since Sr covered parti al surface Ce species. Such interruption retarded the back-spillover effect occurring at the Pt/Ce interface at low temperature, resulting in the loss of OSC. Meanwhile, it was found that a part of impregnated Sr₂₊ could partially diffuse from the surface to the inner atomic layers of CZ and partially incorporated in the lattice during the calcination. The OSC performance of Sr-impregnated sample therefore climbed remarkably with the rise of temperature.     

A one-dimensional chain state of vortex matter.

Magnetic flux penetrates isotropic type II superconductors in flux-quantized vortices, which arrange themselves into a lattice structure that is independent of the direction of the applied field. In extremely anisotropic high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors, a lattice of stacks of circular 'pancake' vortices forms when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the copper oxide layers, while an orthogonal elongated lattice of elliptical Josephson vortices forms when the applied field is parallel to the layers. Here we report that when a tilted magnetic field is applied to single crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta, these lattices can interact to form a new state of vortex matter in which all stacks of pancake vortices intersect the Josephson vortices. The sublattice of Josephson vortices can therefore be used to manipulate the sublattice of pancake vortices. This result explains the suppression of irreversible magnetization by in-plane fields as seen in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta crystals, a hitherto mysterious observation. The ability to manipulate sublattices could be important for flux-logic devices, where a 'bit' might be represented by a pancake vortex stack, and the problem of vortex positioning is overcome through sublattice interactions. This also enables the development of flux transducers and amplifiers, considerably broadening the scope for applications of anisotropic high-Tc superconductors.