铕、氮掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法结合浸渍法制备了同时掺杂Eu、N的纳米二氧化钛粉体。以甲基橙为目标污染物，对样品的光催化性进行了研究，并采用XRD对粒子晶型进行了表征。结果表明：①试验条件下，铕、氮的掺杂对于TiO2晶型基本没有影响；②在焙烧温度为450℃条件下制备出的掺铕、氮纳米二氧化钛样品具有较好的可见光光催化活性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2及其光催化活性的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米二氧化钛,以甲基橙为模型污染物,考察了影响纳米二氧化钛光催化活性的主要因素,并采用TEM,XRD等方法对样品进行了表征。结果表明:具有较高光催化活性的纳米二氧化钛的制备条件是钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇、冰乙酸、水的比例(体积比)为10∶19∶8∶4,500℃下煅烧2 h;纳米二氧化钛质量浓度为1 g/L时光催化效果最佳;纳米TiO2具有锐钛矿型晶体结构,平均粒径为10~20 nm。     

掺杂铜和钒的纳米二氧化钛的光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶-水热后处理法制备掺杂铜和钒的纳米二氧化钛，并对所得的纳米二氧化钛光催化剂的成分、结构与光催化性能的关系进行研究。用X射线衍射、荧光光谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱对其进行分析。研究结果表明：其晶粒直径约为6nm；电子-空穴分离效率提高；对可见光响应显著增强。通过光催化降解模拟实验，发现该二氧化钛粉末对甲基橙有机废水的降解率达到97．9％，所得到的掺杂纳米二氧化钛光催化剂扩大了对可见光响应范围，提高了光催化降解效率。     

掺钇纳米TiO2的制备及其光催化降解性能

以价廉易得的TiCl4为原料,采用低温水解法制备出掺钇纳米TiO2光催化剂,进行了XRD分析,研究了掺钇纳米TiO2对甲基橙的光催化降解性能,结果显示:掺钇阻碍了晶粒生长,抑制了TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石晶型的转变,使粒径减小,光催化降解能力增强.实验条件下,掺钇纳米TiO2光催化剂降解甲基橙的最佳投加量为2.0g/L.     

SiO2掺杂对高温处理后纳米TiO2光催化性能的影响

以钛酸丁酯为原料,用醇盐水解法制备纳米TiO2,用SiO2掺杂纳米TiO2.并对高温处理后的掺杂纳米TiO2光催化活性进行研究。XRD和TEM研究结果表明,SiO2掺杂能有效的提高晶相转变温度,阻止TiO2从锐钛矿型向金红石型的转变和晶粒的长大。实验结果表明,在1050℃高温处理后,SiO2掺杂后的TiO2仍为锐钛矿型纳米晶体。用掺杂纳米TiO2对甲基橙的降解率来表征其光降解性能,SiO2掺杂TiO2在高温处理后依然具有较好的光催化活性,850℃处理后其甲基橙降解率由未掺SiO2时的11%提高到96.48%,晶粒尺寸则由50nm减小到20 nm.     

掺杂银的纳米二氧化钛的制备及其光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯、硝酸银为原料,通过溶胶—凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备了掺杂不同含量银的TiO2纳米粉体,并采用XRD、HRTEM、FT-IR手段对样品进行结构表征.XRD结果表明,掺杂银和未掺杂的TiO2纳米粉体均为四方相锐钛矿型,平均粒径大约为6-12 nm.适量银的掺杂有效抑制了粒径的增大以及向金红石型的相转化.光催化活性实验结果显示,掺银的TiO2比纯TiO2对有机染料刚果红的光催化降解活性明显提高,且银的最佳掺杂量是3%.此外,样品3%Ag-TiO2对次甲基兰和罗丹明B显示出较高的光催化活性,而对甲基橙的光催化活性不明显,原因可能与染料分子的不同结构有关.     

微波诱导制备纳米二氧化钛及其光催化性能

以TiCl4为前驱物,利用微波加热的方法制备了纳米TiO2光催化剂,采用XRD,TEM以及UV-Vis等手段对产物进行了表征.以甲基橙为模型污染物,测试所制备TiO2的光催化性能.研究了不同微波功率和不同反应物浓度对TiO2结构和形貌的影响.实验结果表明,制备的纳米TiO2分别为球形锐钛矿和锐钛-金红石混合晶型,平均粒径在30 nm.TiO2对甲基橙有较好的降解效果,采用微波制备样品有较好的光催化活性.     

改性TiO2的制备及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同掺铁量的改性纳米Ti02光催化剂,用XRD表征了其结构特征,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,评价了改性后纳米TiO2的光催化性能。结果：掺铁质量分数为0.03％的TiO2光催化活性最高;当甲基橙的初始浓度为16mg／L、掺铁0.03％TiO2的投加量为1.2g／L、pH值为3时,40w紫外灯照射210min,甲基橙的去除率高达95％以上。     

La?B共掺杂纳米TiO_2太阳光光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备La、B单掺杂及La/B共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂.以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究其太阳光光催化性能.结果表明:共掺杂可有效抑制TiO2从锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变和晶粒长大;La、B的协同作用使共掺杂样品光催化活性高于单一掺杂样品及纯TiO2;经过450℃热处理的La/B(w(La)=1.25%,w(B)=4%)共掺杂样品光催化活性最高,30min对甲基橙的降解率达到99%.     

掺铁纳米TiO2粉体的制备及其光催化活性的研究

采用特殊液相沉淀法制备了掺杂纳米二氧化钛粉体,通过TG-DTA对其前驱体进行分析,用XRD和TEM对其进行表征。用它做催化剂在日光作用下对亚甲基蓝进行了光催化实验,研究了掺杂量对光催化性能的影响,结果表明掺铁纳米二氧化钛比纯二氧化钛光催化效果好。其中掺铁1.25%的纳米二氧化钛在焙烧温度600℃,焙烧时间30 min时效果最佳,最多比纯二氧化钛的降解率提高47%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that