激光脉冲在三能级Λ-介质中的时空演化

在绝热条件下,考虑一阶非绝热修正项时得到了一组耦合的传播方程的解析解.说明了传播的初始阶段脉冲的包络通过一段介质长度后有微小的改变.在传播过程中探测光脉冲最终完全变成了耦合光脉冲.     

微扰非线性薛定谔方程的孤子解

非线性薛定谔方程作为描述波包在弱非线性色散介质中传播的普遍方程。在光纤维中脉冲在皮秒范围内的传输可以用微扰非线性薛定谔方程来描述。文章采用实指数方法并借助Mathematica符号计算软件编程求其孤子解。     

强双光子吸收有机分子材料的光限幅效应

我们以强双光子吸收BDPAS和BDBAS分子体系为介质,从严格数值求解Maxwell-Bloch方程出发,研究了飞秒脉冲激光在介质中的传播过程.研究结果表明这两种分子都具有较强的光限幅效应,且BDPAS分子的光限幅效应比BDBAS分子的更明显.分子介质的光限幅效应随着分子介质厚度的增加而增加.     

光电离对分子材料光限幅行为的影响

以4,4'-二(二苯基氨基)苯乙烯(BDPAS)分子体系为研究对象,通过采用时域有限差分法和预估矫正法数值求解Maxwell-Bloch方程,模拟了飞秒激光脉冲在该分子介质中的传播过程,研究了光电离对分子材料光限幅行为的影响.结果表明,光电离对光限幅行为的影响与传播距离、输入光强强度有着密切的关系.在传播距离足够远和入射光强足够大的情况下,光电离有利于增强分子材料的光限幅效应.     

啁啾脉冲放大中的增益饱和效益

利用描述脉冲在啁啾放大系统中传输的非线性薛定谔方程，通过分布傅立叶方法对方程进行数值求解，研究了脉冲在完全均匀加宽与完全非均匀加宽介质中传输放大时增益饱和效应对脉冲的影响。     

4,4'-二甲氨基二苯乙烯分子光限幅特性

通过求解速率方程和傍轴波动方程,研究纳秒激光脉冲在4,4'-二甲氨基二苯乙烯分子介质中的传播过程.分析脉冲传播距离和脉冲宽度对分子材料光限幅特性的影响,并对不同脉宽下的双光子吸收截面进行了拟合.结果显示,4,4'-二甲氨基二苯乙烯分子具有较大的双光子吸收截面,且其双光子吸收截面随脉冲脉宽的增大而增大,表明4,4'-二甲...     

高斯型光脉冲在色散管理光纤系统中的传输控制

本文从描述超短光脉冲在光纤中传输的高阶非线性薛定谔方程入手,使用傅立叶变换的分裂算符法,通过计算机模拟,研究了高斯光脉冲在色散管理光纤系统中的传输特性.在此基础上,我们数值考察了高斯光脉冲在加入随机噪声后传输的稳定性以及脉冲间的相互作用.此结果有助于在理论上研究短脉冲在光纤中的传输,并且可对实验进行指导.     

孤子脉冲在光子晶体光纤中的传播特性研究

根据光脉冲在光子晶体光纤中传播的非线性薛定谔方程,分析了孤子传播基本原理,给出了光脉冲在光子晶体光纤中色散和非线性效应的表达式,对非线性薛定谔方程进行归一化处理并求解,获得光子晶体光纤中基态孤子解.在远大于光纤零色散波长区域,使色散和非线性效应达到平衡,在光子晶体光纤中就可以得到稳定的光学孤子.光子晶体光纤中产生的孤子可以作为光孤子通信的载波,是光子晶体光纤中高次谐波产生的泵浦源.     

湍流介质中传播的脉冲时间展宽特性

脉冲信号通过诸如电离层等湍流介质传播时, 受来自介质背景和分布其中的不规则体的色散和散射的影响, 将导致波形形变. 均方脉冲宽度将发生改变, 导致时域内的展宽效应. 利用最近由迭代方法而得到的双频互相干函数的解析解, 从理论分析和数值模拟两方面研究了脉冲的时间展宽特性. 作为例子, 详细研究了穿透电离层传播的情况. 结果表明在大多数情况下展宽的贡献主要来自于背景电离层的色散和电子浓度不规则体的散射效应.     

二维线性色散介质中的光孤波传输

从空间和时间相互耦合的３＋１维波动方程出发，讨论了光场在线性介质中的传输特性。在理论上发现：即使存在群色散效应，也可以实现光脉冲的无畸变传输。文中给出了实现无畸变传输的条件并讨论了光场在正常色散区域及反常色散区域的传输特性     

介质阻挡放电中介质温度对放电时间特性的影响

在大气压氩气介质阻挡放电中,研究了不同电介质温度对放电时间特性的影响.实验发现当外加电压较低时,正负半周的放电时间波形没有明显的差别;而当外加电压较高时,正负半周的放电脉冲个数明显不同.分析表明,电介质温度可以改变其介电常数而影响壁电荷的积累,进而使放电特性发生改变.     

Direct observation of electron dynamics in the attosecond domain

Dynamical processes are commonly investigated using laser pump-probe experiments, with a pump pulse exciting the system of interest and a second probe pulse tracking its temporal evolution as a function of the delay between the pulses. Because the time resolution attainable in such experiments depends on the temporal definition of the laser pulses, pulse compression to 200 attoseconds (1 as = 10(-18) s) is a promising recent development. These ultrafast pulses have been fully characterized, and used to directly measure light waves and electronic relaxation in free atoms. But attosecond pulses can only be realized in the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray regime; in contrast, the optical laser pulses typically used for experiments on complex systems last several femtoseconds (1 fs = 10(-15) s). Here we monitor the dynamics of ultrafast electron transfer--a process important in photo- and electrochemistry and used in solid-state solar cells, molecular electronics and single-electron devices--on attosecond timescales using core-hole spectroscopy. We push the method, which uses the lifetime of a core electron hole as an internal reference clock for following dynamic processes, into the attosecond regime by focusing on short-lived holes with initial and final states in the same electronic shell. This allows us to show that electron transfer from an adsorbed sulphur atom to a ruthenium surface proceeds in about 320 as.     

开流系统的时空周期脉冲控制

提出了分别利用时间和空间的周期脉冲扰动,实现开流系统时空混沌控制的方法。通过数据模拟,其中空周期脉方法能使系统稳定到预期空间周期态上;时间周脉冲方法则能实现系统时间周期空间不动点和空间准周期的控制。     

Single acetylcholine-activated channels show burst-kinetics in presence of desensitizing concentrations of agonist

High resolution measurements of the current through individual ion channels activated by acetylcholine (AChR- channels) in frog muscle have shown that these currents are discrete pulse-like events with durations of a few milliseconds. Fluctuation and relaxation measurements of end-plate currents have led to the conclusion that the rate of channel opening increases with agonist concentrations, and that the channel, once open, closes spontaneously. Katz and Thesleff have shown, however, that in the continued presence of ACh, the initial end-plate current declines to an equilibrium value with a time constant of several seconds. This reversible phenomenon is referred to as receptor desensitization. We report here that in the presence of ACh concentrations sufficient to cause desensitization, single channel current pulses appear in groups. From the temporal sequence of the pulses, we have derived estimates of the rates of activation and desensitization of the AChR-channel.     

Macro-circuit simulation and optimal design for ferroelectric liquid crystal based on dielectric properties

A macro-circuit equivalent model for ferroelectric liquid crystal(FLC)is proposed.The model includes both effects of ferroelectric torque and dielectric torque and is utilized to simulate the switching response and memory behavior of a single FLC cell.Simulation results show that the delay time has a minimum while increasing the amplitude of drive voltage and the amplitude of bipolar pulses should be controlled within a certain range to realize the memory behavior.Also the switching angle is successfully enhanced to the reference value of 22.5°by adopting"AC stabilization"addressing method.     

非线性球形脉冲波在焦点的传播与干扰

在小初值的条件下,讨论了半线性波动方程组脉冲波解的性质,利用非线性几何光学的方法,证明非线性几何光学给出的解在焦点附近是有效的.描述了脉冲波的传播和干扰以及干扰后新脉冲波的产生情况.通过微分变换,利用球形对称性将波动方程组化为一阶双曲型方程,得到一阶近似解所满足的方程组.分析脉冲波在各个特征线方向的传播情况,得到近似解的一致有界性.对误差方程的解进行有效估计,得到近似解在焦点附近的较好的渐近性态.     

联合双原子高次谐波发射的动力学研究

首先从经典理论出发,分析了一维普薛耳-特勒势(P-T势)模型原子在激光场作用下的动力学行为。进而设定联合双原子模型的核间距。然后利用一束特殊设定的双色激光脉冲辐照该模型,在保证原子有适当的电离和较大的复合效率的前提下,获得了截止位置远达Ip 8Up且效率高达10-9的高次谐波发射。最后给出了电离电子空间波包随时间的演化行为,并从波包动力学出发对谐波发射功率谱的形成机制给出了合理的解释。     

Nanosecond radio bursts from strong plasma turbulence in the Crab pulsar

The Crab pulsar was discovered by the occasional exceptionally bright radio pulses it emits, subsequently dubbed 'giant' pulses. Only two other pulsars are known to emit giant pulses. There is no satisfactory explanation for the occurrence of giant pulses, nor is there a complete theory of the pulsar emission mechanism in general. Competing models for the radio emission mechanism can be distinguished by the temporal structure of their coherent emission. Here we report the discovery of isolated, highly polarized, two-nanosecond subpulses within the giant radio pulses from the Crab pulsar. The plasma structures responsible for these emissions must be smaller than one metre in size, making them by far the smallest objects ever detected and resolved outside the Solar System, and the brightest transient radio sources in the sky. Only one of the current models--the collapse of plasma-turbulent wave packets in the pulsar magnetosphere--can account for the nanopulses we observe.     

Direct observation of attosecond light bunching

Temporal probing of a number of fundamental dynamical processes requires intense pulses at femtosecond or even attosecond (1 as = 10(-18) s) timescales. A frequency 'comb' of extreme-ultraviolet odd harmonics can easily be generated in the interaction of subpicosecond laser pulses with rare gases: if the spectral components within this comb possess an appropriate phase relationship to one another, their Fourier synthesis results in an attosecond pulse train. Laser pulses spanning many optical cycles have been used for the production of such light bunching, but in the limit of few-cycle pulses the same process produces isolated attosecond bursts. If these bursts are intense enough to induce a nonlinear process in a target system, they can be used for subfemtosecond pump-probe studies of ultrafast processes. To date, all methods for the quantitative investigation of attosecond light localization and ultrafast dynamics rely on modelling of the cross-correlation process between the extreme-ultraviolet pulses and the fundamental laser field used in their generation. Here we report the direct determination of the temporal characteristics of pulses in the subfemtosecond regime, by measuring the second-order autocorrelation trace of a train of attosecond pulses. The method exhibits distinct capabilities for the characterization and utilization of attosecond pulses for a host of applications in attoscience.