旋转填充床中臭氧高级氧化法处理PVA废水

在旋转填充床（RPB）中进行了O₃/FeSO₄·7H₂O（用Fe（Ⅱ）表示）和O₃/Fenton两种高级氧化工艺处理模拟聚乙烯醇（PVA）废水的研究,考察了Fe²⁺浓度、初始pH、RPB转速、反应温度以及气相O₃浓度对PVA降解率的影响,结果表明O₃/Fenton工艺比O₃/Fe（Ⅱ）工艺表现出更好的PVA降解性能。在O₃/Fenton工艺中,在初始PVA浓度200 mg/L、pH=2、反应温度25 ℃、RPB转速1 000 r/min、O₃浓度30 mg/L、气体流量90 L/h、液体流量30 L/h、Fe²⁺浓度0.8 mmol/L、H₂O₂浓度35 mg/L的条件下,PVA的降解率可以达到99.4%。此外,还对O₃/Fe（Ⅱ）和O₃/Fenton工艺降解PVA的反应动力学进行了研究,发现这两种工艺中PVA降解反应均为一级反应。     

模拟太阳光条件下草酸钠 Fenton试剂降解苯酚

采用氙灯模拟自然条件下的太阳光, 研究了苯酚在草酸钠 Fenton反应体系作用下 的降解规律. 对光源、 H₂O₂、C₂O^2-₄、Fe^{2+的初始浓度以及pH 值对苯酚的去除率的影响进行了探讨. 结果表明， C₂O2-₄能有效强化Fenton试剂对苯酚的作用， 在初始pH值为4、 过氧化氢浓度为0.735 1 mmol/L、 草酸钠浓度为0.074 63 mmol/L、 亚铁离子浓度为0.053 6 mmol/L时, 溶液中0.595 2 mmol/L苯酚在90 min的降解率可达76.5%， 其降解过程符合一级动力学方程. GC MS分析表明， 苯酚降解的中间产物主要为苯醌和有机酸.}     

紫外光降解水中磷酰基乙酸的特性研究

采用紫外光降解水中磷酰基乙酸,研究了光源、磷酰基乙酸初始浓度、溶液初始pH值以及不同形态氮对磷酰基乙酸光降解的影响。结果表明,紫外光照射下磷酰基乙酸发生直接光解和·OH,~1O_2参与的自敏化光解。紫外光辐射强度的增加有助于磷酰基乙酸的去除,1 000 W高压汞灯照射150min后,0.1mmol/L磷酰基乙酸溶液完全降解,降解速率为0.016 5min~(-1),光解半衰期为42min.随着初始浓度和溶液初始pH值升高,磷酰基乙酸的降解速率呈现下降趋势,NH_4~+,NO_3~-均对磷酰基乙酸光解有抑制作用。     

3D Keggin型杂多蓝光催化降解罗丹明B的研究

在紫外光条件下,研究了水热合成的四电子还原的3D杂多蓝Ba_4[SiW_4~ⅤW_8~ⅥO_(40)]·H_2O催化降解罗丹明B的行为.考察了染料浓度、反应体系的pH值及催化剂用量对罗丹明B降解效果的影响.实验结果表明,当罗丹明B浓度为1×10-5 mol/L、溶液的初始pH值为2.48、催化剂用量为0.075 6g/L、过氧化氢的用量为2×10~(-3)mol/L、光源为500 W高压汞灯时,能够获得最佳的降解效果,90min的降解率为98.2%.     

微波辅助羟胺降解全氟辛酸

通过微波辅助羟胺降解方法, 实现快速高效降解持久性有机物全氟辛酸(PFOA)。设置微波的功率为1200 W, 在羟胺浓度为1.0 mM, 微波加热温度为200°C, pH=3.92的条件下, 50 mg/L PFOA溶液在反应6分钟后的降解效率达到82.22%。微波透过反应器壁均匀加热反应体系, 反应体系中的羟胺在微波条件下选择性地吸收微波能量, 产生“火锅”效应, 促进自由基的生成, 提高降解效率。通过自由基淬灭实验, 得到羟胺降解PFOA的主要活性物质为超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^.–)。O₂^.–先攻击PFOA的羧基官能团(-COOH), 导致C—O键断裂脱羟基(-OH), PFOA脱-OH后不稳定, 继续断裂, 逐步脱除CF₂, 最终降解为F^－和CO₂。微波辅助羟胺降解PFOA可为开发新型持久性有机污染物的处理技术提供理论依据。     

水体中邻苯二甲酸酯的光催化降解

以湿法浸渍法合成质量分数为5.0%的CuO/TiO₂为催化剂, 考察不同光照条件、 体系初始pH值及催化剂用量对4种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）光催化降解效率的影响, 并用电喷雾萃取电离质谱法（EESI MS）检测不同光照时间的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)降解反应过程溶液. 结果表明： 在紫外光作用下, 当体系初始pH=6, 催化剂质量浓度为20 mg/L时, PAEs降解效果最好. 根据偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)结果， 推测出DBP光催化降解可能的中间产物, 并在最佳反应条件下给出DBP可能的光催化降解路径.     

掺(氟)A-TiO2制备及其光催化反应动力学研究

通过水热法制备了氟掺杂A-TiO₂粉末,以甲基橙溶液为污染物,探讨甲基橙的初始浓度C₀、掺氟A-TiO₂用量m、掺氟量χ(摩尔分数)等因素在可见光照下对甲基橙催化降解反应的动力学影响。结果表明：在最佳条件(60 W白炽灯照射、C₀ =0.02 g/L、pH=6、m=0.3 g/L,χ=5%、21℃、t=40 min)下,光催化降解甲基橙的过程为动力学一级反应。     

铁-草酸盐配合物光催化降解对苯二酚的研究

Fe(Ⅲ)-草酸盐配合物在光照条件下,能产生有活性的强氧化剂H2O2和OH自由基以氧化水中的有机化合物.研究了在高压汞灯(λ≥300nm)照射下,对苯二酚在Fe(Ⅲ)-草酸盐配合物体系中的光催化降解.结果表明:溶液pH值、对苯二酚初始浓度、铁与草酸盐浓度比和光照强度均对降解结果产生影响.在pH=4.0,Fe(Ⅲ)溶液浓度为10.0μmol/L,草酸盐浓度为100.0μmol/L的实验条件下,10.0mg/L的对苯二酚的降解率为99.0%.     

Fe(Ⅲ)-草酸配合物光分解降解苯酚的研究

文章研究了Fe( )-草酸配合物在可见光及太阳光照射下,对苯酚的光解降解作用。结果表明,在pH=5.0、cFe( )=0.040mmol/L、cH2C2O4=1.44mmol/L(草酸分3次加入)及光照3h的条件下,20mg/L的苯酚的降解率为91%。溶液pH值、铁与草酸浓度比和苯酚浓度均对降解效果产生影响。     

磁性煤矸石地质聚合物类芬顿降解苯酚

以煤矸石为原料，制备出磁性煤矸石地质聚合物(Fe₃O₄-CGGP),研究了其类芬顿氧化降解苯酚的性能和机制。表征显示，粒径为10～20 nm的Fe₃O₄均匀分散在煤矸石地质聚合物(CGGP)表面形成Fe₃O₄-CGGP,Fe₃O₄-CGGP的饱和磁化强度达到35.68 emu/g,这表明Fe₃O₄-CGGP具有良好的催化活性和磁响应性能。将其应用于降解苯酚废水，实验探讨了pH值、催化剂投加量、H₂O₂投加量以及苯酚初始浓度等条件对苯酚降解过程的影响。实验表明：反应最适宜pH值为3.5,催化剂最佳投加量为0.5 g/L,H₂O₂最佳投加量为10 mmol/L,在最优条件下60 min对苯酚去除率可达到100%.自由基淬灭实验认为在Fe₃O₄-...     

无机-有机杂化材料催化合成乙酸异戊酯及动力学研究

以甘氨酸(Gly)和磷钨酸为原料合成的一系列无机有机杂化材料为催化剂,考察各因素对其催化合成乙酸异戊酯的影响,并利用响应面分析法优化乙酸异戊酯合成工艺。研究表明,[GlyH]_(1.0)-H_(2.0)PW_(12)O_(40)催化剂具有最高的催化酯化反应活性和重复使用性能。响应面分析法优化乙酸异戊酯合成的最佳条件为:醇酸摩尔数比为1.05∶1,催化剂用量为酸质量的4.5%,反应时间2.0h,带水剂量10mL,该条件下,乙酸异戊酯产率为98.5%,结果与模型预测值基本相符。优化条件下[GlyH]_(1.0)-H_(2.0)PW_(12)O_(40)催化酯化反应表观活化能为79.73kJ/mol。     

微波辐射下乙酸异戊酯合成条件研究

在微波辐射下，以SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸为催化剂合成乙酸异戊酯。最佳反应条件是：乙酸和异戊醇的摩尔比为1：2．0，催化剂用量为1．5g。微波输出功率为729W，反应时间为12min。在此反应条件下，乙酸的酯化率为94．7％，产品收率为89．7％。     

Degradation of the antibiotic sulfamonomethoxine sodium in aqueous solution by photo-Fenton oxidation

In this study, photo-Fenton oxidation was applied to degradation of sulfamonomethoxine sodium (SMMS) in aqueous solution. The operation parameters of pH, temperature, and concentrations of H2O2, Fe2+ and SMMS were investigated. The optimum conditions for the photo-Fenton process were determined as follows: [SMMS]=4.53 mg/L, pH 4.0, [H2O2]=0.49 mmol/L, [Fe2+]= 19.51 μmol/L and T=25°C. Under these conditions 98.5% of the SMMS degraded. The kinetics were also studied, and degradation of SMMS by the photo-Fenton process could be described by first-order kinetics. The apparent activation energy was calculated as 23.95 kJ/mol. Mineralization of the process was investigated by measuring the chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the COD decreased by 99% after 120 min. This process could be used as a pretreatment method for wastewater containing sulfamonomethoxine sodium.     

过硫酸钠协同锰酸钇催化超声波降解日落黄

采用共溶胶凝胶法制备锰酸钇(YMnO3)催化剂,用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和红外光谱(FTIR)对催化剂进行表征.研究Na2S2O8协同锰酸钇催化超声波降解日落黄,探究了pH、初始浓度、催化剂用量、Na2S2O8浓度、超声功率对降解的影响.结果 表明,在超声波条件下pH为3,日落黄初始浓度为50 mg/...     

Fe3O4@NiSiO3纳米催化剂制备及催化臭氧化降解对苯二甲酸性能研究

采用水热法和溶胶凝胶法制备Fe₃O₄@SiO₂纳米颗粒,经表面镍刻蚀得到Fe₃O₄@NiSiO₃磁性纳米催化剂。利用XRD、TEM和VSM等手段表征催化剂的晶体和表面结构。构建类均相催化臭氧化体系,考察其催化降解对苯二甲酸性能。结果表明：在臭氧通入量10.52 mg.min_-1、催化剂投加量40 mg.L_-1和初始溶液pH=9的条件下,催化臭氧化反应20 min时对苯二甲酸降解率为78.13%,TOC去除率27.25%;5次循环实验后,PTA降解率仅下降2.75%。     

Ni2O3-CuO对LAS氧化降解的催化作用

The experiments of catalytic oxidation that removed LAS with catalyst Ni₂O₃-CuO and oxidate H₂O₂ in water have been made.The effect of the amount of oxidate,pH values,temperature in water has been studied.Based on orthogonal experiment and experimental data,the optimum reaction conditions and the key factors have been discussed.The removal rate of LAS was reached 99.5% under the optimum reactive conditions.The major compositions of product were carbonate and sulphate.     

Fenton试剂处理含油废水的实验研究

采用Fenton高级氧化技术对模拟含油废水进行了氧化处理,探讨了反应时间、pH值、温度、H₂O₂和Fe²⁺投加量等因素对油去除率的影响,确定了最佳处理条件。试验结果表明,在水样中油浓度为120mg/L时,Fenton高级氧化反应最佳工艺条件为：c(H₂O₂)=40mmol/L,c(Fe²⁺)=4mmol/L,pH=3.0,温度为30℃;反应2h后,油的去除率达到最高值48.4%。这将为该工艺处理实际含油废水提供实验依据。     

Fe3O4@NiSiO3催化剂制备及其催化芬顿氧化降解染料性能研究

通过溶剂热法和溶胶凝胶法制备Fe₃O₄@NiSiO₃纳米催化剂,并利用TEM、XRD、VSM、BET进行表征。构建非均相芬顿氧化体系,由单因素实验得出在最佳降解条件为, pH值为5.5、催化剂投加量为1.00 g.L_-1、H₂O₂投加量为2.5%时,罗丹明B的降解率达95%以上。利用磁性分离催化剂并重复利用5次,罗丹明B降解率无明显降低,证明Fe₃O₄@NiSiO₃纳米催化剂重复利用性能良好。同时,考察了该催化剂对其它四种染料：酸性大红3R、孔雀石绿、甲基橙、亚甲基蓝的催化芬顿氧化降解性能。结果表明,孔雀石绿、罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝的降解率均达95%,但偶氮类染料降解率较低。通过对比实验进一步研究表明,Ni元素对芬顿反应起促进作用。     

Degradation of organic pollutants by a Co3O4-graphite composite electrode in an electro-Fenton-like system

A novel composite electrode was constructed by pressing together Co3O4 and graphite and it was used as the cathode in an electro-Fenton-like (EFL) system. The poor electron transport characteristic of Co3O4 was overcome by incorporating graphite. In situ electro-catalytic generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) occurred at high current efficiencies from pH 2-10, extending the traditional Fenton reaction pH range. Cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectrometry were used to characterize the composite electrode. The ability of the EFL system to degrade organic compounds was investigated using sulforhodamine B (SRB) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) as probes. Decoloration of SRB (1.0×10-5 mol/L) was complete (100%) in 150 min and SRB was effectively degraded from pH 2-10. The decomposition of SRB was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis and results indicated that the final degradation products were carbon dioxide, carboxylic acids and amines. The EFL system also decomposed 2,4-DCP and the degradation was 98.6% in 240 min. Electro-catalytic degradation of SRB occurs by a ·OH mechanism. After 5 times reused, the degradation rate of SRB did not significantly slow down. The electrode shows excellent potential for use in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) used to treat persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wastewater.     

Development of a new method for analyzing free aluminum ions （Al3＋） in seafood using HPLC-ICP-MS

This paper presents a novel method for simultaneous online examination of free aluminum ions （Al3＋） in seafood, using solid- phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography online with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （SPE- HPLC-ICP-MS）, without post-column reaction. The optimum conditions for chromatographic separation of Al3＋ were achieved using an IonPac CS5A analytical column with an IonPac CG5A guard column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.040 mol/L LiOH, 0.0060 mol/L 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, and 0.090 mol/L CH3COOH （pH 4.7）. The free Al3＋ ions in seafood were extracted by shaking with the mobile phase at 70℃ for 2 h. SPE was conducted using an Oasis MCX, 3cc/60 mg, 30 μm column, which was activated and equilibrated with 2 mL of methanol and 4 mL of deionized water before use. HCl （0.075 mol/L, 2 mL） was used to wash inorganic Al from the SPE column. The standard recoveries of Al3＋ were all above 89% and the relative standard deviations were all below 5%. The proposed method was successfully used for the examination of Al3＋ in seafood samples, and the results were similar to those obtained using the static equilibrium method.