Land-based mobile mapping system with its applictions for the Olympic Games

There is a trend for rapid spatial data capture supported by integration of multiple platforms and multiple sensors. This paper presents the principles and technologies of land-based mobile mapping systems based on an integration of remote sensing, GPS and GIS technologies. The innovations and advantages of the integrated system are described. The analytic model and error model of a mobile mapping system are proposed and the application interface of digital measurable images is also discussed. A Truemap Engine with Plug-in and API is designed to manage a huge volume of stereo image series from a land-based mobile mapping system so that other geographic information systems （GIS） engines can freely use the sequence of stereo images. The applications of digital measurable images （DMI） as well as mobile mapping systems in the Olympic Games in Beijing, 2008 are presented.     

Rice yield estimation using remote sensing and simulation model

Remote sensing techniques have the potential to provide information on agricultural crops quantitstively,instantaneously and above all nondestrctively over large areas.Crop simulation models describe the relationship between physiological process in plants and environmental growing conditions.The integration between remote sensing data and crop growth simulation model is an important trent for yield estirmation and prediction,since remote sensing can provide information on the actual status of the agricultural crop.In this study,a new model(Rice-SRS) was developed based mainly on ORYZA1 model and modified to accept remote sensing data as input from different sources.The modelc an accept three kinds of NDVI,data.NOAA AVHRR(LAC)-NDVI,NOAA AVHRR(GAC)-NDVI and radiometric measurements-HDVI,The integration between NOAA AVHRR(LAC) data and simulation model as applied to Rice-SPS resulted in accurate estimates for rice yield in the Shaoxing area.reduced the estimating error to 1.027%,0.794% and (-0.787%) for early,single,and late season repectively.Utilizing NDVI data derived from NOAA AVHRR(GAC) as input in Rice-SRS can yield good estimation for rice yield with the average error (-7.43%) .Testing the new model for radiometric meassurements showed that the average estimation error for 10 varieties under early rice conditions was less than 1%.     

Development of an Accurate Urban Modeling System Using CAD/GIS Data for Atmosphere Environmental Simulation

This paper presents an urban modeling system using CAD/GIS data for atmosphere environmental simulation, such as wind flow and contaminant spread in urban area. The CAD data is used for the shape modeling for the high-storied buildings and civil structures with complicated shape since the data for that is not included in the 3D-GIS data accurately. The unstructured mesh based on the tetrahedron element is employed in order to express the urban structures with complicated shape accurately. It is difficult to understand the quality of shape model and mesh by the conventional visualization technique. In this paper, the stereoscopic visualization using virtual reality (VR) technology is employed for the verification of the quality of shape model and mesh. The present system is applied to the atmosphere environmental simulation in urban area and is shown to be an useful planning and design tool to investigate the atmosphere environmental problem.     

Quantitative assessment and analysis on the dynamic change of ecological capital in arid areas

Ecological capital is the summation of the direct value of biological resources and the ecological service function value of ecosystems. Under the support of RS, GPS and GIS, in this paper the RS-based quantitative measurement model of assessing ecological capital is developed based on the traditional ecology theory and the research on the value of ecological capital per unit area by using the ecological parameters including Landsat TM data, CBERS satellite data, meteorological data, MODIS satellite data, land cover data and field-measured data. A case study on the spatiotemporal distribution of ecological capital in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture in 1990, 1995 and 2003 is carried out, and the dynamic change of ecological capital in the prefecture is measured and compared with GDP. The maps of the spatial distribution of ecological capital in the study area are charted, and the characteristics of spatial distribution of ecological capital are analyzed. The results show that the values of ecological capital in the prefecture in 1990, 1995 and 2003 were 1.47368×10^11, 1.66160×10^11 and 1.77895×10^11 yuan RMB （hereafter referred to as yuan） respectively, and that in spatial distribution, the ecological capital decreases from the alpine zones to the plains and from the oases to the deserts, which accords with the zonal distribution of vegetation in arid areas. The measured results can more objectively reflect the ecological capital and its spatial distribution in arid areas, provide an ideal foundation for further study in the future, and can also be combined with the study on service functions of ecosystems and the regiona planning as an important basis of regional planning.     

Machine vision inspection of rice seed based on Hough transform

A machine vision system was developed to inspect the quality of rice seeds. Five varieties of Jinyou402,Shanyou 10, Zhongyou207, Jiayou and Ilyou were evaluated. The images of both sides of rice seed with black background and white background were acquired with the image processing system for identifying external features of rice seeds. Five image sets consisting of 600 original images each were obtained. Then a digital image processing algorithm based on Hough transform was developed to inspect the rice seeds with incompletely closed glumes. The algorithm was implemented with all image sets using a Matlab 6.5 procedure. The results showed that the algorithm achieved an average accuracy of 96% for normal seeds, 92% for seeds with fine fissure and 87% for seeds with incompletely closed glumes. The algorithm was proved to be applicable to different seed varieties and insensitive to the color of the background.     

Estimation of emissions from field burning of crop straw in China

Emissions resulting from crop straw field burning in China, which have caused serious environmental problems in China, are estimated in this paper. From the county-level data of crop production in 2000-2003 from the government statistics, taking into account the ratio of residue and grain, the total amount of crop straw production is estimated to be about 600 Tg per year, 76% of which are rice, wheat and corn straw. With reference to the data of living standards, the percentage of crop straw burnt in fields for counties are obtained and consequently the total amount of burnt straws is approximately 140 Tg/year. With the emission factors from literature and experiments, appropriate emission factors have been obtained. The total amounts of PM, SO2, NOx3, NH3, CH4, BC, OC, VOC, CO, CO2 emissions from field burning of crop straw in China are estimated. All emissions are presented at county level. Some pollutants, such as BC, VOC, OC, CO and CO2, are contributing a major portion to the total emissions of China. This paper uses a map with resolution of 0.2°×0.2°to present the PM emissions distribution from crop straw burnt in 2003. The results show a significant regional unevenness of emissions, with larger amounts of pollutions coming from the provinces in eastern and northeast China. The regions with higher emissions per unit area are located as a belt stretching from northeast China to eastern China.     

Positioning accuracy and reliability of GALILEO, integrated GPS-GALILEO system based on single positioning model

A kind of uniform reliability index suitable for the code and phase observations is presented and used in reliability evaluation of satellite systems. Then, based on 25 stations of Crustal Movement Observation Network of China, satellite visibility, positioning availability and observation reliability of GPS, GALILEO and integrated GPSGALILEO are calculated and analyzed in detail. Simulation results reveal that the satellite visibility of GALILEO is superior to that of GPS. Given positioning accuracy, horizontal positioning availability of GALILEO is consistent with that of GPS, but its vertical positioning availability is superior to that of GPS. However, the integrated GPS-GALILEO is shown to be superior to each of the single systems in the aspects of positioning accuracy and availability. The reliability of code and phase observations based on GALILEO and integrated GPS-GALILEO system is superior to that of GPS both in spatial and temporal domains on the whole. The new reliability index presented is simple to calculate and reflects reliability differences of different satellite systems.     

Detection and analysis system for hybridization images of lab-in-a-tube microarray

A lab-in-a-tube microarray system is developed for sample inspection and signal detection by fabricating a fiat transparent window cap of the Eppendorf tube. The oligonucleotide microarray is immobilized on the inner surface of the cap. A small vessel is placed in an Eppendorf tube for storing hybridization solutions. With the microarray system, the full biochemical processes, including gene fragment amplification, fluorescence labeling, hybridization, and fluorescence detection, have been performed in the sealed tube without opening the cap. The images are obtained from a fluorescence microscope and captured by a CCD, and the data are transported to a computer through the universal serial bus （USB）. After noise reduction, signal intensity is determined from hybridization image and the presence of gene fragments is identified. The final data output includes sample information, process steps, and hybridization results. A lab-ina-tube microarray system for detecting ten respiratory viruses at a single detection is designed. High detection throughput and accuracy have been demonstrated with the system.     

Image Analysis of Fabric Pilling Based on Light Projection

The objective assessment of fabric pilling based on light projection and image analysis has been exploited recently. The device for capturing the cross-sectional images of the pilled fabrics with light projection is elaborated. The detection of the profile line and integration of the sequential cross-sectional pilled image are discussed. The threshold based on Gaussian model is recommended for pill segmentation. The results show that the installed system is capable of eliminating the interference with pill information from the fabric color and pattern.     

Application of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis Method in Evaluating Relevant Index and Recognizing Risks of Coronary Heart Disease in the Aged

The risk recognition model for preventing and monitoring the Coronary Heart Diseases (CHD) in the aged is proposed, which is based on the testing results of four indexes and includes Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceridemia (TG) and age. Some people who took the health checkup in Shanghai Xinhua Hospital are classified into 3 groups, and each group is associated with prevalence risk of contracting CHD. Then the fuzzy recognition method is applied to evaluate the risk of CHD. The accuracy rate is up to 85%. The model is applicable to not only analysis of risk in medical but also analysis of risk in finance, insurance and some other fields.     

基于移动GIS和GPS集成的绿化调查关键技术

以掌上电脑为移动设备,采用GPS（全球定位系统）、RTK（实时动态定位）技术,实现了移动GIS（地理信息系统）和GPS的集成.对移动GIS空间数据组织、GPS采集数据的GIS表达、GPS坐标转换等关键技术进行了研究,提出了一种适合于移动环境的GPS坐标转换模型,利用最小二乘法进行了坐标转换参数的求取与平差.构建了应用于绿化调查的移动GIS和GPS集成系统,利用该系统对上海某区进行了绿化信息调查试验.结果表明,所提出的GPS坐标转换模型和所实现的绿化调查系统,在移动环境下具有较好的高效性和实用性.     

移动地理信息系统数据模型与3S集成关键技术

在掌上电脑硬件平台下，对地理信息系统（GIS）数据模型进行了研究．通过比较与分析，提出了一种面向对象的移动GIS数据模型，设计和实现了一个移动地理信息系统，探讨了系统设计和实现的关键技术，包括低内存环境下的大数据量组织与管理，与全球定位系统（GPS）、遥感等的集成技术，构建了一个可支持数据移动采集、定位与导航、多源数据融合等应用的集成应用服务环境．在上海某区进行试验，结果表明所提出的移动GIS数据模型和构建的集成服务环境具有较好的高效性与实用性．     

Transportation Mode Identification with GPS Trajectory Data and GIS Information

Global Positioning System(GPS) trajectory data can be used to infer transportation modes at certain times and locations. Such data have important applications in many transportation research fields, for instance,to detect the movement mode of travelers, calculate traffic flow in an area, and predict the traffic flow at a certain time in the future. In this paper, we propose a novel method to infer transportation modes from GPS trajectory data and Geographic Information System(GIS) information. This method is based on feature extraction and machine learning classification algorithms. While using GIS information to improve inference accuracy, we ensure that the algorithm is simple and easy to use on mobile devices. Applied to GeoLife GPS trajectory dataset, our method achieves 91.1% accuracy while inferring transportation modes, such as walking, bike, bus, car, and subway, with random forest classification algorithm. GIS features in our method improved the overall accuracy by 2.5% while raising the recall of the bus and subway transportation mode categories by 3.4% and 18.5%. We believe that many algorithms used in detecting the transportation modes from GPS trajectory data that do not utilize GIS information can improve their inference accuracy by using our GIS features, with a slight increase in the consumption of data storage and computing resources.     

"3 S"集成及其应用

介绍了“3S”（RS,GIS,GPS）技术的内容、发展历史与动态;根据深度、广度和同步性三个标准详细地论述了“3S”集成的确切含义和各种集成模式对应的实现方式之间的差异;阐述广度标准下的四种集成方式（RS与GIS,GIS与GPS,RS与GPS,GIS与RS和GPS）的特点和主要应用领域;论证“3S”集成应用的本质是提供不同层次的空间信息服务,并提出多学科协同配合研究“3S”集成的思路。     

Envisat ASAR在水稻识别中的应用

合成孔径雷达(SAR)具有全天时全天候工作的能力,是南方多云地区水稻识别监测的有利手段.该文利用目前世界上最先进的EnvisatASAR数据,在长乐市进行水稻提取.在常规预处理的基础上对多时相数据进行自动配准和主成分变换,并采用面向对象法进行水稻的提取,精度为89.1%.结果表明:利用多时相双极化ASAR数据进行水稻信息的提取在南方多云地区具有一定实用意义.     

基于PDA的土地变更调查系统设计与实现

针对土地资源的日益紧张,提出了多种土地利用状况调查技术方法,但是在外业土地变更调查方面,仍然不能快速、及时、准确的提供现势性数据。不能提供用户多源信息(专题信息及辅助GIS、RS、GPS等信息)平台是其中关键问题之一。提出在PDA基础上建立移动GIS环境下的土地变更调查综合系统。实现移动GIS环境下的遥感信息与GIS专题信息有效结合、变化信息核实、外业GPS量测与数据处理、土地利用数据更新及自动更新专题数据库等。在实践应用过程中证明,该方法切实可行,使土地利用变更调查的效率和精度大幅提高,是一种有广泛应用前景的技术方法。     

基于3S技术构建森林景观信息系统

介绍了地理信息系统技术(GIS)、遥感技术(RS)和全球定位系统技术(GPS)在森林景观研究中的应用和整个3S系统的集成模式．在3S系统中遥感用于获取森林景观资源的有关信息；全球定位系统用于定位采集地面数据和导航；而地理信息系统用于管理和处理收集到的有关森林景观资源的各种信息．     

3S技术在中药材种植信息提取中的应用——以太和县桔梗种植为例

在分析安徽省太和县Landsat卫星2003年4月16日轨道号122037的TM遥感影像数据特征的基础上,利用遥感与地理信息系统软件处理遥感影像的方法,对图像数据进行几何校正和融合处理,采用遥感图像多源信息复合、人机交互解译与GIS技术相结合的解译方法,实现中药材种植面积的提取,获得了理想的结果,使相关的决策层以及种植户可以充分了解相关信息,为规划者和决策者提供了一种更加科学客观的新手段。     

Land-based mobile mapping system with its applications for the Olympic Games

There is a trend for rapid spatial data capture supported by integration of multiple platforms and multiple sensors.This paper presents the principles and technologies of land-based mobile mapping systems based on an integration of remote sensing,GPS and GIS technologies.The innovations and advantages of the integrated system are described.The analytic model and error model of a mobile mapping system are proposed and the application interface of digital measurable images is also discussed.A Truemap Engine? ...