基于MCKD与CEEMDAN的声信号故障特征提取方法

在双转子轴承状态监测与故障诊断中,信号传递路径复杂,很难通过加速度传感器直接获得信号,而声音信号有非接触式测量的优势,包含大量特征信息.为了能够准确、有效地通过声音信号实现滚动轴承故障诊断,检测出轴承故障,提出了基于自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)和最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.首先运用最大相关峭度解卷积方法增强轴承故障声音信号中的冲击,然后对处理后的信号进行CEEMDAN处理,计算每个经验模态分量的峭度值,根据峭度值选取最优分量并求Hilbert包络谱,以准确提取故障特征频率.文中采用该方法基于声音信号实现滚动轴承故障诊断,为提取最优分量提供了理想筛选标准,一定程度上降低了故障诊断的复杂程度,具有良好的自适应性.     

基于快速峭度图算法与平方包络共振解调的滚动轴承自适应故障诊断方法

针对共振解调技术应用在滚动轴承故障诊断中存在信噪比低和带通滤波器参数需要依靠经验确定的问题,提出了一种基于快速峭度图算法与平方包络共振解调技术相结合的滚动轴承自适应故障诊断方法.根据快速峭度图算法的自适应性,确定带通滤波器的参数,并提取滚动轴承故障振动信号高频共振带中包含的故障特征频段;计算去直流后信号的信噪比,若其信噪比大于1,则利用平方包络方法进行重构,以突出故障特征信号;对重构信号进行频谱分析,得到其故障特征频率,识别出相应的故障类型.通过故障滚动轴承试验,验证了该方法的有效性和准确性.     

基于奇异值分解和共振解调的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对共振解调方法容易受到噪声干扰,以及带通滤波器参数难以确定,很大程度上依赖经验的问题,提出一种基于奇异值分解和共振解调的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法;利用奇异值分解算法,将轴承振动信号分解成多个奇异值分量,计算各分量的峭度值,选择峭度值最大的分量,利用谱峭度算法确定中心频率和带宽,并对该分量信号进行带通滤波和包络解调分析。结果表明,提取性能以及鲁棒性能实验证明了该方法能够自适应确定滤波频带,降低噪声干扰的影响,并且在带通滤波器失效情况下有良好的稳定性。     

参数自适应VMD在高速列车轴箱轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对高速列车轴箱轴承故障特征提取困难和变分模态分解(VMD)参数的人为设置影响分解效果的问题,提出参数自适应VMD轴箱轴承故障诊断方法。首先,以平均包络谱熵为适应度函数,利用麻雀搜索算法自适应地寻找不同工况下的最优模态数K和惩罚因子α;其次,对原始轴承时域信号进行VMD分解,利用快速谱峭度图分析最小包络熵的IMF分量,并根据分析结果对该IMF分量进行带通滤波以增强故障特征;最后,对滤波后信号进行希尔伯特包络解调分析,并将分析结果与理论计算所得特征频率进行对比,对轴箱轴承故障进行分类辨识。研究结果表明：与经验模态分解(EMD)、局域均值分解(LMD)、集合经验模态分解(EEMD)等自适应信号分解方法相比,本文所提方法能更有效地降低噪声的影响,提取复杂耦合工况下轴箱轴承振动信号中的故障特征。     

基于EEMD降噪与二次相位耦合的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承出现故障时故障信号常常被强的背景噪声所淹没,故障特征难以准确提取的问题,提出了一种基于总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)降噪与二次相位耦合的故障诊断方法.对原始信号进行EEMD分解,通过相关系数-峭度值的大小选取EEMD分解后得到的固有模态函数(IMF).对筛选出来的IMF进行了重构从而达到降噪的目的.对重构后的包络信号进行1.5维谱分析,提取二次相位耦合产生的非线性特征,从而得到滚动轴承故障特征频率信息.通过实测滚动轴承数据验证了该方法可以有效地提取轴承内圈和外圈的故障特征,从而识别轴承的故障.     

形态分量分析在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

滚动轴承局部故障振动信号中的周期性冲击是识别故障的关键特征.形态分量分析在由多种形态原子组成的过完备字典基础上提取信号中的不同形态成分,基于这种思想提出了一种基于新型过完备复合字典的形态分量分析方法.依据滚动轴承故障振动信号中分量间的形态差异性,改进字典后该方法可以更具针对性地提取出包含故障特征的冲击分量,配合包络谱分析准确提取故障特征频率,诊断滚动轴承局部故障.对比基于快速谱峭度法的轴承故障诊断方法,该方法可以避免人为选择共振带产生的不准确性和非最优问题,提高了故障诊断效果.通过轴承仿真信号和故障实验信号分析验证了该方法的有效性.     

采用改进HVD与Lempel-Ziv复杂性测度的滚动轴承早期损伤程度评估方法

针对滚动轴承早期故障特征微弱难以定量检测的问题,提出一种基于希尔伯特振动分解(HVD)和Lempel-Ziv复杂性测度(LZC)的滚动轴承内外圈损伤程度评估方法。该方法利用HVD将滚动轴承故障信号分解为幅值由大到小、不同瞬时频率的HVD初始分量,基于峭度分析从各HVD初始分量中选出最优分量并重构该故障信号,采用均值符号化方法计算重构信号的LZC指标。关于HVD的端点效应问题,采用镜像延拓方法对其进行改进,仿真分析的结果表明,镜像延拓有效地改进了其端点效应的问题,提高了故障信号的分解精度;在此基础上,将HVDLZC方法应用于不同损伤程度的滚动轴承内外圈故障信号,结果表明该方法能够解除信号非线性、非平稳性干扰,快速提取信号的故障振动模式分量,给出内外圈各损伤状态的HVD-LZC特征区间;采用由遗传算法进行参数寻优的支持向量机(GA-SVM)方法对3种不同损伤状态的内外圈信号的HVD-LZC特征进行测试分析,结果表明HVD-LZC指标在区分轴承内外圈的不同损伤程度上具有优越性,从而为滚动轴承内外圈损伤程度的评估提供了一种有效方法。     

基于集成固有时间尺度分解和谱峭度的滚动轴承故障检测

针对固有时间尺度分解(ITD)方法中固有旋转分量存在局部波动的问题,提出一种集成固有时间尺度分解,将其结合谱峭度法,提高轴承故障检测的准确度。首先运用3次样条插值拟合基线控制点,实现振动信号的自适应频带划分,获得若干个固有旋转分量;然后根据K-L散度准则选取真实分量进行信号重构,使用谱峭度法确定带通滤波器的最优参数;最后分析滤波处理结果的包络谱,得到振动信号的特征信息。研究结果表明:与经验模式分解和单纯包络谱分析方法相比,采用集成固有时间尺度分解和谱峭度的包络方法(EITD-SK)能更好地提取滚动轴承故障特征信息,实现轴承故障的准确检测,结果与实际相符。     

基于改进PSO-VMD的滚动轴承早期故障诊断

针对滚动轴承早期故障信号微弱导致分类识别率低的问题,提出利用复合多尺度模糊熵作为适应度函数的粒子群算法优化变分模态分解,得到多个本征模态分量;利用快速谱峭度图选择最优的本征模态分量,并组成特征向量;将特征向量输入SSA-SVM中进行故障分类。实验结果表明基于复合多尺度模糊熵的PSO-VMD和SSA-SVM的滚动轴承故障诊断更能有效地识别出滚动轴承的早期故障。     

基于EEMD与形态滤波的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

为从滚动轴承故障信号中提取出包含故障信息的特征频率,提出集合经验模式分解法(EEMD)与形态滤波相结合的解调方法。该方法首先利用EEMD自适应地将信号分解成多个IMF分量,然后计算各IMF分量与原信号的相关系数,选择合适的IMFs进行信号重构,再对重构后的信号进行形态滤波,滤除脉冲干扰,提取出故障特征信息。将该方法应用于滚动轴承故障诊断实例中,并将分析结果与直接对原信号进行包络谱分析解调的结果进行对比。结果表明,该方法提取故障信息的效果较包络谱分析解调的效果要好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the