绞股蓝多糖对2型糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响及其机制初步研究

目的：研究绞股蓝多糖对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂的影响及其可能的机制。方法：采用Wistar大鼠高脂高糖饲料结合小剂量链脲佐菌素建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,通过测定空腹血糖(FBG)和葡萄糖耐量,观察灌胃给予绞股蓝多糖对糖尿病大鼠的治疗作用,同时测定大鼠的血清胰岛素(Ins)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)及部分抗氧化系统相关指标。结果：给予绞股蓝多糖后FBG明显降低,葡萄糖耐量曲线明显降低。此外,绞股蓝多糖可明显降低2型糖尿病大鼠的血清TC、TG、LDL和丙二醛水平,提高模型鼠的血清Ins、HDL、超氧化物歧化酶活性。结论：绞股蓝多糖对实验性糖尿病大鼠有明显的降血糖、降血脂作用,其作用可能与增加Ins水平,增强抗氧化能力有关。     

糖尿病患者血糖控制不佳时治疗方案选择的参考指标

目的探讨糖尿病患者血糖控制不佳时治疗方案选择的参考指标.方法选择血糖控制不佳的312例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者,入院后行胰岛素强化降糖治疗,血糖稳定后检测胰岛功能,空腹C肽≥1 ng/m L的患者改为口服促进胰岛素分泌类药物联合基础胰岛素治疗(方案1),空腹C肽1 ng/m L的患者继续胰岛素强化降糖治疗,4次/d(方案2);接受方案1的患者连续治疗7 d后若空腹血糖和餐后2 h血糖未达标,则改行方案2.比较两组患者性别、年龄、体质量指数、糖尿病病程、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、餐后2 h血糖、空腹C肽、餐后2 h C肽水平.结果两组患者性别、年龄、糖尿病病程之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);方案1组患者体质量指数、空腹C肽、餐后2 h C肽、Δ空腹C肽明显高于方案2组,空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白明显低于方案2组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05).经胰岛素强化治疗血糖稳定后分组,两组患者胰岛素剂量、低血糖发生率、空腹血糖达标率、餐后2 h血糖达标率之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗30 d门诊随访,方案1组胰岛素剂量、低血糖发生率明显低于方案2组,空腹血糖达标率、餐后2 h血糖达标率明显高于方案2组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05).二元逐步Logistic回归分析显示:体质量指数、Δ空腹C肽为选择方案1的独立影响因素.结论糖尿病患者血糖控制不佳时,体质量指数、餐后2 h C肽可作为降糖方案选择的预测指标.     

酸浆果多糖降糖及抗氧化作用的研究

为了研究酸浆果多糖的降糖及抗氧化作用,采用水提醇沉法从酸浆中提取酸浆果多糖,采用苯酚-硫酸比色法测定酸浆果多糖的含量.一次性注射55 mg/kg链脲佐菌素建立糖尿病大鼠模型,测定大鼠血清中血糖水平、SOD活性和MDA含量.酸浆果多糖产率为4.85%,含量为36.5%.酸浆果多糖可显著降低血糖水平,增强SOD活性,降低MDA含量.结果表明,酸浆果多糖具有明显的降糖和抗氧化作用,提示酸浆果多糖可能通过保护机体免受抗氧化损伤,维持机体组织正常功能,从而改善靶器官对胰岛素的敏感性而发挥降糖作用.     

金线莲甲醇提取物的降血糖作用

研究金线莲甲醇提取物的降血糖作用及其机制.将正常小鼠和链尿佐菌素(STZ)诱导成功的糖尿病小鼠随机分成5组, 14 d后,分别测定小鼠的肝糖原、血糖、血脂及血清抗氧化指标.结果表明,金线莲甲醇提取物能显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖,使小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性升高,丙二醛(MDA)浓度显著下降;能显著降低糖尿病小鼠血清中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)的浓度,并使小鼠的肝糖原质量比显著增加.金线莲甲醇提取物有降血糖作用,其降糖机制可能与其调节血脂水平、增加外周组织对葡萄糖的利用及提高糖尿病小鼠的抗氧化能力有关.     

大别山区葛根黄酮对四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠糖脂代谢的影响

为研究葛根黄酮(RPF)对糖尿病模型小鼠糖脂代谢的影响及其可能的作用机制,采用四氧嘧啶(ALX,220mg/kg)腹腔注射建立糖尿病小鼠模型。RPF连续灌胃15d后摘眼球取血,分离血清,测定血糖、血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)水平;取肝、肾脏制成10%匀浆测定其NO和NOS水平;观察胰腺病理学形态变化。结果显示RPF能降低ALX诱导的糖尿病模型小鼠血糖、血清和肝脏中NO和NOS。其降糖机制可能与降低血清、肝脏的NO和NOS水平有关。     

山楂叶总黄酮防治大鼠胰岛素抵抗及脂肪肝的实验研究

观察山楂叶总黄酮(FHB)对胰岛素抵抗大鼠高血脂、氧化损伤及脂肪肝的防治作用,并对山楂叶总黄酮增强胰岛素敏感性和防治脂肪肝的作用机理进行初步探讨.高糖高脂饲料建立胰岛素抵抗大鼠模型,分为正常组、模型组、FHB组和阳性药物对照文迪雅组.12周末观察FHB对血清血糖、血脂、血清胰岛素含量、脂质过氧化和肝功能等的影响.结果表明,FHB组和模型组比较可以显著降低胰岛素抵抗大鼠血清FFA和TG水平,提高HDL-C水平;降低ALT和AST活性,降低肝指数,防止肝脏组织脂肪性病变,同时,明显提高总抗氧化能力和肝脏组织中SOD活性,降低MDA含量.由此得出结论,FHB对胰岛素抵抗大鼠高血脂和氧化损伤起到了良好的防治作用,能够改善病鼠胰岛素抵抗状态,增强其胰岛素敏感性,并具有良好的防治脂肪肝作用.     

2型糖尿病伴随高脂血症大鼠模型的建立及二甲双胍的干预

目的研究5%蔗糖饮水和高脂饮食加链脲佐菌素诱导2型糖尿病伴随高脂血症大鼠模型的建立及二甲双胍的治疗作用。方法SD大鼠一次性腹腔注射30 mg/kg链脲佐菌素,给予高脂饮食和5%蔗糖水喂养68 d后进行糖耐量实验,采血检测空腹血糖、血脂、胰岛素、抗氧化水平。结果与对照组比较,模型大鼠空腹血糖、糖耐量试验2 h后血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血清胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数显著升高(P<0.05),胰岛素敏感指数显著降低(P<0.05),TG、TC和FFA含量明显升高(P<0.05),SOD活力明显降低(P<0.05),MDA含量显著增加(P<0.05);二甲双胍组胆固醇、游离脂肪酸、空腹血糖、糖耐量异常、糖化血红蛋白、血清胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数、MDA显著降低(P<0.05),胰岛素敏感指数和SOD活力显著提高(P<0.05)。结论5%蔗糖饮水能改善大鼠的厌食症状,加上链脲佐菌素的小剂量注射和高脂饮食,可成功复制2型糖尿病大鼠模型,伴随高脂血症和抗氧化损伤。二甲双胍具有降糖、降脂、抗氧化、改善胰岛素抵抗作用,可作为2型糖尿病伴随高脂血症大鼠模型研究的阳性治疗药物。     

剑麻皂素降血糖作用的研究

采用四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠模型、肾上腺素引起的高血糖大鼠模型以及正常小鼠研究剑麻皂素的降血糖作用,在口服给药后,测定各模型动物的血糖水平。结果显示,剑麻皂素能明显降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平,对肾上腺素高血糖大鼠也有降血糖作用,对正常小鼠血糖没有影响。剑麻皂素对糖尿病动物具有明显的降血糖作用。     

Conserved mechanisms of glucose sensing and regulation by Drosophila corpora cardiaca cells

Antagonistic activities of glucagon and insulin control metabolism in mammals, and disruption of this balance underlies diabetes pathogenesis. Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in the brain of insects such as Drosophila also regulate serum glucose, but it remains unclear whether insulin is the sole hormonal regulator of glucose homeostasis and whether mechanisms of glucose-sensing and response in IPCs resemble those in pancreatic islets. Here we show, by targeted cell ablation, that Drosophila corpora cardiaca (CC) cells of the ring gland are also essential for larval glucose homeostasis. Unlike IPCs, CC cells express Drosophila cognates of sulphonylurea receptor (Sur) and potassium channel (Ir), proteins that comprise ATP-sensitive potassium channels regulating hormone secretion by islets and other mammalian glucose-sensing cells. They also produce adipokinetic hormone, a polypeptide with glucagon-like functions. Glucose regulation by CC cells is impaired by exposure to sulphonylureas, drugs that target the Sur subunit. Furthermore, ubiquitous expression of an akh transgene reverses the effect of CC ablation on serum glucose. Thus, Drosophila CC cells are crucial regulators of glucose homeostasis and they use glucose-sensing and response mechanisms similar to islet cells.     

妇科手术合并糖尿病病人的围手术期处理

目的：探讨糖尿病患者行妇科手术围手术期处理方法。方法：对27例妇科疾病合并糖尿病患者选择合理术式,术前术后使用胰岛素及口服降糖药使血糖控制在9 mmol/L以内.结果：27例患者有24例切口Ⅰ期愈合,3例切口Ⅱ期愈合,6例手术前无念珠菌性阴道炎者术后发生念珠菌性阴道炎,4例术前合并念珠菌性阴道炎者经术前抗霉菌治疗术后未发生。结论：妇科手术合并糖尿病病人合理选择麻醉方式,术前术后有效控制血糖能够显著改善术后的康复。     

茅苍术多糖对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的治疗作用及机制研究

目的探讨茅苍术多糖对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠的治疗作用及机制.方法给予Ⅱ型糖尿病模型大鼠不同剂量的茅苍术多糖,通过对模型大鼠体质量改变情况、空腹血糖含量、胰岛素水平及调节血脂代谢紊乱能力的观察,评价其治疗作用;通过对各组大鼠肝脏组织中MDA含量及CAT,SOD酶活性的测定,评价其抗氧化能力.结果茅苍术多糖可以改善糖尿病大鼠体质量下降情况,能够降低空腹血糖含量,提升胰岛素水平;茅苍术多糖也可以降低MDA含量,增加CAT和SOD活性.结论茅苍术多糖具有抗糖尿病作用,其作用机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关.     

Lanthanides' enhancing absorption of insulin and reduction of blood glucose of rat by pulmonary administration

To explore the possibility of lanthanides as the enhancer of insulin absorption, the promoting effects of lanthanide ions on the absorption of intrapulmonary delivered insulin and reduction of blood glucose were investigated by means of two approaches, preadministration and coadministration of lanthanide ions with insulin. The results indicate that, compared with the results of those given insulin only, lanthanide ions can effectively enhance the level of insulin and the reduction of glucose level in blood. These effects are dependent on lanthanide species and their concentrations. The mechanism was discussed.     

甲状腺功能亢进对血糖和胰岛素水平的影响

目的 观察甲状腺功能亢进患者的糖代谢情况。方法 将３８例甲状腺功能亢进患者及与患者性别、年龄相应的健康对照者１６例,均进行空腹、餐后２ｈ的血糖、胰岛素明显升高,与健康对照组比较均有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 甲亢患者有餐后高血糖、高胰岛素血症,存在胰岛素抵抗。     

Lanthanides’ enhancing absorption of insulin and reduction of blood glucose of rat by pulmonary administration

To explore the possibility of lanthanides as the enhancer of insulin absorption, the promoting effects of lanthanide ions on the absorption of intrapulmonary delivered insulin and reduction of blood glucose were investigated by means of two approaches, preadministration and coadministration of lanthanide ions with insulin. The results indicate that, compared with the results of those given insulin only, lanthanide ions can effectively enhance the level of insulin and the reduction of glucose level in blood. These effects are dependent on lanthanide species and their concentrations. The mechanism was discussed.     

金线莲多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性及糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响

研究了金线莲多糖体外抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性及其对四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病小鼠血糖的影响.结果表明:金线莲多糖体外能抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性,半抑制浓度值(IC50)为78.66μg/mL;对小鼠餐后血糖表现出较好的控制作用,血糖抑制率为(53.65±13.65)%;连续给予糖尿病小鼠金线莲多糖(300mg/kgbw)14d后,小鼠血糖值较模型组显著降低(P0.05).实验结果表明金线莲多糖具有显著的降血糖功效,其作用机制与影响糖代谢酶的活性,抑制糖异生有关.     

Effects of breakfast with different calorigenic amounts on blood glucose, insulin and glucagon levels

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between breakfast and serum glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations in order to establish a model breakfast appropriate for Chinese. Twenty-four volunteers were randomly assigned to four study groups: high carbohydrate breakfast, high fat and protein breakfast, the typical breakfast and fasting. Each subject had serum and urine samples collected while fasting and at 1,2 and 3.5 hours following the meal. The concentration of serum glucose, insulin and glucagon was measured. The levels of serum glucose in group A, B and C differed significantly at 1 and 2 hour after meal compared to those at fasting (P<0.05). The serum glucose in group A increased insignificantly after meal. The serum insulin levels were in group A, B and C significant different compared with control group(P<0.05).Those peaked at 1 hour after meal, with group C rising the furthest. Compared with the fasting group, the serum glucagons rose and maintained the increase after breakfast in group A, B and C (P<0.05). The data suggested that various diets with different calorigenic amounts increased hormone concentration to various extents. We found that a breakfast rich in carbohydrates could maintain proper blood glucose level.     

葛根芩连汤及其聚集物颗粒对STZ诱导 2型糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用研究

葛根芩连汤是中药经典名方,在临床应用中显示出良好的治疗糖尿病的效果.研究观察高速离心分离的汤药聚集物颗粒组分(沉淀)、溶质组分(上清)在高脂高糖饮食(4周)后注射链脲佐菌素诱导的2型糖尿病模型Wistar大鼠上的降糖作用,测量体重、空腹血糖,血脂、血浆胰岛素、多脏器SOD活力,阐析该汤剂降糖降脂功效与其聚集物颗粒的关系.由实验得出,葛根芩连汤中的聚集物颗粒组分(沉淀)具有抗糖尿病活性,且此种活性可能经由提升胰腺和肝脏抗氧化能力、促进胰岛素分泌和改善血脂代谢而达成.     

Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on insulin action and development of insulin-induced resistance in C2C12 muscle cells

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a precursor of androgens and estrogens, has been demonstrated to have effect of preventing insulin resistance and development of diabetes mellitus. Administration of testosterone appears to induce a marked insulin resistance. How these two hormones affect insulin resistance through regulation of sensitivity of tissues to insulin deserves further studies. Here, the effects of DHEA and testosterone on response to insulin in C2C12 muscle cells are analyzed. After 24 h of DHEA (10-6 mol/L) treatment, C2C12 cells showed an increased insulin- stimulated glucose uptake and enhanced activities of glycogen synthase (GS), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), whereas testosterone gave the opposite effects. Incubation of C2C12 cells with high-dose insulin (5×10-7 mol/L) for 24 hours decreased their sensitivity to insulin and led to a state of resistance as assessed on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and activities of GS, PFK and PDH. Addition of DHEA to insulin-resistant C2C12 cells could reverse the response of these cells to high-dose insulin, but testosterone could further impair insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant C2C12 cells. These results suggest that the two hormones may influence the development or inhibition of insulin-resistance in type 2 diabetes through regulating glucose uptake, glycogenesis and glycolysis to some extent.     

血液透析过程中并发低血糖15例的临床分析

目的探讨血液透析过程中低血糖发生的原因及其防治措施。方法分析我院2005年7月至2007年11月40例维持性血液透析患者出现低血糖20例次的临床资料。结果40例患者透析290例次,发生低血糖15例,共20例次,其中低血糖昏迷1例。结论血透中发生低血糖与葡萄糖能自由通过透析器膜、使用无糖透析液、降糖药物的使用、胰岛素拮抗作用下降等因素有关。需要在透析过程中密切观察病人,合理控制血糖,可以防止或减少低血糖的发生。     

三个品系小型猪静脉糖耐量试验及相关血清生化指标的比较

目的比较三个品系小型猪静脉葡萄糖耐量及血糖相关指标的差异。方法实验用4月龄广西巴马小型猪和贵州小型猪,5月龄五指山猪,在相同饲养条件下进行实验。静脉注射50%葡萄糖进行静脉葡萄糖耐量试验;常规生化方法检测血清血糖;化学发光法检测血清胰岛素;放免法测定HbAlc。结果静脉葡萄糖耐量试验(IVGTT)中,注糖后10 min血糖达到峰值,贵州小型猪和广西巴马小型猪分别在60 min和90 min时恢复至实验前血糖值。五指山猪在120 min时恢复至注糖前水平,而且在30~90 min各时间点的血糖值高于广西巴马小型猪和贵州小型猪(P<0.05)。三组动物中,贵州小型猪HbA1c含量较高(P>0.05),五指山猪胰岛素水平较低(P<0.01)。三个品系小型猪的空腹血糖和胰岛素敏感指数差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论在IVGTT实验中,三个品系小型猪的血糖下降趋势基本一致,五指山猪有一定特殊性;相关血清生化指标测定值接近。