统筹城乡发展策略下基于生计风险诊断的农户后顾生计来源识别——以重庆市沙坪坝区中梁镇龙泉村为例

农户后顾生计是改善民生的重要保障,研究其来源不仅可以厘清不同类型农户未来生计发展方向,且能为制定相应的支农惠农政策提供理论参考.研究运用主成分法与改进BP神经网络相结合,通过参与式农户调查建立农户属性数据库作为本研究的数据源,基于农户生计资产量动态划分农户,诊断其生计风险,从而识别不同类型农户的后顾生计来源.结果显示:(1)不同类型农户由于生计状况的差异导致其面临的风险各异,农业多样化发展型农户以自然风险和家庭风险为主,农业专业化发展型农户主要为市场风险,非农多样化和非农专业化发展型农户主要为市场风险及体制风险,兼业化发展型农户兼具各种风险;(2)不同类型农户生计风险程度差异明显,其大小顺序为:农业专业化发展型(0.92),农业多样化发展型(0.71),兼业化发展型(0.65),非农专业化发展型(0.55)和非农多样化发展型(0.46);(3)出于最大限度规避风险的心理思考及适应政策的需要,不同类型的农户后顾生计来源组合差异明显.     

民族贫困区农户生计多样化及对耕地利用的影响:以武陵山区永顺县为例

基于问卷调查、半结构式访谈、数理统计等方法,对位于武陵山区永顺县的168户农户进行系统调查,将农户划分为纯农型、兼业型Ⅰ、兼业型Ⅱ、非农型4类,进而分析了民族贫困区农户生计多样化特征及对耕地利用的影响.结果表明:1)民族贫困区农户生计类型以兼业型Ⅱ居多,所占比例为46.72%;其次为非农型,为22.13%;纯农型为16.39%;兼业型Ⅰ最少,为14.75%.2)不同类型农户生计策略存在显著差异,纯农型农户生计活动单一,脆弱性和风险最大,引入并扩大非农活动是民族贫困区未来生计策略的发展趋势.3)不同生计策略选择对耕地利用的影响不同,主要影响耕地的是劳动力投入、资本投入及粮食生产力水平.4)民族贫困区耕地资源缺乏、农业基础设施薄弱的现状以及农户自身劳动素质共同制约农户生计和耕地利用的可持续性.加强农户劳动技术培训以提高农户生计多样化水平,加快土地综合整治以提高耕地利用效率是民族贫困区提升农村内部发展能力,实现农户生计和耕地利用可持续性的根本途径.     

鄱阳湖滨湖区农户生计变动及其影响因素研究

基于2007年和2018年鄱阳湖滨湖区永修县、新建区、德安县与庐山市4个县级行政区域的7个样本村的农户生计调查数据,依据可持续生计框架,运用参与式农村评估(PRA)、生计多样化指数和优势生计收入比例及Logistic回归等方法,分析不同县域的农户生计变迁及其影响因素变化.研究结果表明:(i)滨湖区近城型比远城型村落更具生计优势,自然资本、社会资本、金融资本存量占比较高,物质资本存量降低,人力资本较短缺,尤其是教育;(ii)滨湖区农户家庭非农收入占比增幅明显,且外出务工比例与农户受教育程度成正比,农户生计策略趋于兼农化和非农化;(iii)2元Logistic回归结果显示,滨湖区兼农型生计策略的影响因素逐渐由单一的自然资本转变为自然资本、物质资本、社会资本的综合作用; 人力资本已成为非农型生计策略的关键因素,与物质资本共同影响非农型农户的生计策略; 滨湖区农村家庭的生计和发展水平不仅取决于家庭生计资本,而且还受到国家土地政策以及城市化进程的影响.     

基于农户生计策略选择影响因素的生计资本度量——以四川省402户农户为例简

为探索农户生计资本的客观定量评价,以2012年在四川省抽样调查的402户农户数据为基础,借鉴英国国际发展机构(DFID)的可持续生计分析框架,将5类生计资本下的12个二级指标对农户生计策略的3个水平——纯农型、兼业型、非农型进行无序多分类Logistic回归,选择出显著的变量及其偏回归系数,用该系数构造生计资本大小的评价权重,对生计资本进行客观定量评价.结果发现:对农户生计策略选择影响显著的变量有现金收入、耕地面积、赠送礼金等6个变量;在农户生计资本评价中,现金收入占其权重的64.4%,前3个重要变量——现金收入、耕地面积、赠送礼金权重占比达89.2%;大多数农户选择兼业型的生计策略,选择不同生计策略的农户生计资本水平差异较大,稳定水平也不同.?更多还原     

基于农户生计策略选择影响因素的生计资本度量——以四川省402户农户为例

为探索农户生计资本的客观定量评价,以2012年在四川省抽样调查的402户农户数据为基础,借鉴英国国际发展机构(DFID)的可持续生计分析框架,将5类生计资本下的12个二级指标对农户生计策略的3个水平——纯农型、兼业型、非农型进行无序多分类Logistic回归,选择出显著的变量及其偏回归系数,用该系数构造生计资本大小的评价权重,对生计资本进行客观定量评价.结果发现:对农户生计策略选择影响显著的变量有现金收入、耕地面积、赠送礼金等6个变量;在农户生计资本评价中,现金收入占其权重的64.4%,前3个重要变量——现金收入、耕地面积、赠送礼金权重占比达89.2%;大多数农户选择兼业型的生计策略,选择不同生计策略的农户生计资本水平差异较大,稳定水平也不同.     

基于公平理论的河南省农户耕作获得感研究

基于河南省567份调查问卷数据，运用公平理论并采用Logistic回归分析模型，探索了河南省农户耕作获得感的影响因素，并按照农户家庭类型分别研究了不同类型农户耕作获得感的主要影响因素。结果表明：(1)大部分受访农户的耕作获得感较低，仅有1/4左右的农户耕作获得感较高；(2)农户耕作获得感主要受与邻居种田相比、与外出务工相比两种境况的影响；(3)在纯农户、农业为主兼营其他、非农为主兼营农业3种类型农户中，随着非农比重的增加，农户的耕作获得感逐渐降低；(4)不同类型农户的耕作获得感影响因素差异较大。     

生计资产差异对农村土地资产评估需求的影响——以重庆市忠县为例

基于农户视角分析生计资产差异对农村土地资产评估需求的影响,有利于推进农村土地资产评估,盘活农村土地资产,保障农民合法权益.通过对忠县3个样点村584户农户实地调研,构建农户生计资产量化指标体系,运用灰色关联度模型和Probit回归模型分析农户生计资产差异与土地资产评估需求间的耦合关系及影响度.研究结果表明:1)农户生计资产差异与土地资产评估需求之间存在较强耦合关系.2)生计资产总值呈现由纯农户到非农农户递增的总体趋势,在空间上表现为离县城距离越远,生计资产总值越低.3)农村土地资产评估的需求表现为由纯农户到非农农户、偏远山区向近郊区逐渐增强.4)自然资产与农户土地资产评估需求呈负向影响,其他资产均呈现正向影响,各具体生计资产指标对农户土地资产评估需求的影响存在较大差异.基于以上研究,建议针对不同类型农户因地制宜地开展农村土地资产评估,有序推进农村土地资产评估服务体系建设.     

搬迁农户耕地利用状况及其影响因素分析——基于贵州省201户集镇安置型易地扶贫搬迁农户的实证

盘活搬迁农户耕地财产是事关易地扶贫搬迁农户后续持续发展的关键之一.根据实地随机调查的贵州省201户集镇安置型搬迁农户问卷数据,从耕地劳动力和资金投入状况、粮食产出水平、耕地处置方式等方面对比分析搬迁前后农户的耕地利用状况,并运用二元Logistic回归模型分析影响集镇安置型搬迁农户耕地利用的主要因素.结果表明:(1)集镇安置型搬迁农户在耕地种植劳动力和资金投入上均存在大幅度减少,粮食产量明显减少;耕地流转比例不高,耕地处置手段单一,耕地持续利用程度较低,其财产性增收难度较大.(2)集镇安置型搬迁农户户主年龄和务农人口平均年龄、非农就业人数比例和非农就业收入比例、人均耕地面积和退耕还林面积比例等指标对耕地持续利用具有负向作用;而户均劳动力文化水平、家庭年总收入、耕地种植面积和耕地流转比例则促进耕地持续利用.本研究认为各级地方政府应引导和支持新型农业经营主体流转搬迁群众的耕地进行规模经营,在有条件的集镇安置点组建劳务合作组织进行特色农产品种植,对符合退耕还林政策的陡坡耕地进行生态退耕,引导搬迁群众种植省工性经济林果作物,促使其耕地不撂荒.     

农户生计受新冠疫情的影响及其应对策略变化 ——以赣南山区为例

2019年底突发的新冠疫情使农户生产生活受到较大影响,明确不同疫情发展阶段及其防控措施对农户的生产生活带来的影响至关重要.基于赣南山区95户农户的调研问卷,系统研究了新冠疫情对不同类型农户生计所产生的影响及疫情发展不同阶段农户生计策略的应对情况.结果表明:(1)疫情对不同类型农户生计的影响程度存在较大差异,非农户的户均...     

生计资本视角下土地整治绩效满意度研究——以四川省冉义镇为例

为评估土地整治绩效满意度, 选取四川省邛崃市冉义镇为研究区, 通过问卷调查和访谈获取数据。依据职业, 将农户划分为纯农业、以农为主兼业、以非农为主兼业及非农业4种生计类型, 从人力资本、自然资本、物质资本、金融资本和社会资本5个方面构建生计资本测算表, 对土地整治区不同生计类型的农户生计资本现状进行评价。基于测算结果, 考察土地整治对农户满意度的影响, 并采用Probit模型分析满意度的影响因素。结果表明: 1) 农户生计资本略失衡, 社会资本和物质资本值较高, 金融资本与人力资本值较低; 2) 农户对土地整治工程的满意度总体上较高, 自然资本、物质资本、社会资本和收入来源变化等因素对满意度产生积极影响, 教育程度、金融资本和生计活动开支对非农类型农户的满意度产生消极影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-