吉林省石头口门地区早二叠世砂岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

通过对吉林省石头口门地区早二叠世砂岩进行野外地质考察、薄片镜下观察和碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学研究,探讨其形成时代、物源及构造环境。长石岩屑杂砂岩的碎屑颗粒具有分选和磨圆度差以及成分复杂的特征,表明为近源快速堆积的产物。获得114颗碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄介于480～276 Ma,可划分出晚石炭世—早二叠世(322～276 Ma)和早石炭世(349～323 Ma) 2个主要年龄组,另有4个早古生代和中泥盆世年龄。通过区域岩浆事件对比,推测石头口门地区早二叠世砂岩的物源主要来自华北板块北缘晚石炭世—早二叠世活动陆缘型岩浆岩,少量来自研究区附近的早石炭世岩浆岩、早古生代岩浆弧、晚志留世—中泥盆世弧-陆碰撞岩浆岩以及华北板块前寒武纪变质基底。综合碎屑锆石年龄频谱、沉积以及构造背景资料分析,认为石头口门早二叠世砂岩应是活动大陆边缘环境下海底扇沉积序列的组成部分,并在古亚洲洋闭合过程中作为基质与一系列成分、规模和时代复杂的构造岩块或岩片共同构成了蛇绿混杂岩。     

山东肥城煤田晚石炭世-早二叠世小有孔虫动物群

通过对肥城煤田晚石炭-早二叠世小有孔虫动物群的研究,共鉴定出小有孔虫化石25属73种。自上而下可建立三个小有孔虫组合：ⅢMultidiscustalimuensis-Glomospira-Palaeotextularia组合,ⅡTetrataxis-Nodosaria-Palaeotextularia组合,ⅠEotuberitina-Bradyina组合。通过与其它地区小有孔虫组合对比,肥城煤田这三个小有孔虫组合的时代应分别为晚石炭世晚期（组合Ⅰ）和早二叠世早期（组合Ⅱ和组合Ⅲ）。     

淮北煤田早二叠世植物群落及其组合特征

本文详细研究了淮北煤田早二叠世地层植物化石1300余块,其分属于10大类共69属165种。该区早二叠世植物化石丰富,保存良好,是典型的华夏植物群。根据该期植物群的纵向发育规律和空间分布特点,其可划分为两个植物组合,即早二叠世早期山西组的Cathaysiopteris whitei-Callipteridium koraiense-Cordaites schenkii组合带和早二叠世晚期下石盒子组的Lobatannularia ensifolia-Gigantonoclea spp.-Caulopteris spp.组合带。     

西藏措勤盆地古生界-中生界岩相古地理演化

措勤盆地早古生代岩相古地理分为晚奥陶世-早志留世和中-晚志留世两个陆表海演化时期;晚古生代分为泥盆纪-早石炭世缓坡-台地、晚石炭-早二叠世北部冰海裂谷南部残留海孤台、晚二叠世萎缩台地三个演化阶段;中生代呈现三叠纪-侏罗纪南陆北海、晚侏罗世- 白垩纪末活动边缘下的两个沉积盆地夹持一个(隆升)暴露岩浆弧格局.早-晚石炭世之交是本区古地理分异的重要时期:之前属于陆表海,中部深,东部浅,盆地中心和沉积中心各仅有一处,海水侵漫方向由西向东;之后,沉积体系复杂,盆地中心和沉积中心多个,古海水侵漫主要源自北部的班公-怒江缝合带.     

新疆东部三塘湖盆地构造演化及其石油地质意义

三塘湖盆地形成于晚古生代以后,是一个构造演化复杂的中小型含油气盆地,经历了石炭纪到早二叠世盆地基底形成阶段、晚二叠世到白垩纪盆地发育阶段和第三纪以来的后期盆地改造阶段。在基底形成阶段,早石炭世为古准噶尔洋盆俯冲的活动大陆边缘时期,晚石炭世进入哈萨克斯坦板块和西伯利亚板块碰撞造山时期,早二叠世为碰撞后伸展转换时期。从晚二叠世以后,盆地进入发育阶段。晚二叠世为造山后伸展断陷时期,三叠纪末为挤压隆升时期,侏罗纪-早白垩世盆地进入拗陷时期,早白垩世末期为挤压逆冲时期。从第三纪以来,盆地进入了后期的改造阶段。在整个盆地演化过程中,晚二叠世盆地处于张性成盆环境,并沉积发育了上二叠统芦草沟组泥灰岩、上三叠统小泉沟群和下-中侏罗统水西沟群以暗色泥岩为主的三套烃源岩。受其区域性挤压构造背景影响,早白垩世末期和晚始新世是盆地两个油气成藏关键时刻,特别是新生代晚期盆地的改造对油气能否进入成熟生油阶段具有重要意义。     

中国南山剖面石炭二叠纪植物群研究的新进展

本文在评述 G·Bexell 南山剖面石炭二叠纪植物群研究现状和存在问题的基础上,建议以肃南大青沟的自然剖面替代 Bexell 的综合剖面,并建立了肃南剖面纳缪尔期至晚二叠世的六个植物化石组合带.文中还讨论了晚二叠世华夏—安加拉混生植物群的形成机制.     

Cathaysiodendron(华夏木属)在甘肃靖远早石炭世的发现

Cathaysiodendron(华夏木属)是华夏植物群中一个重要的标志属,以往大部分繁盛于我国华北的晚石炭世至早二叠世太原组和山西组,这次发现于甘肃靖远磁窑臭牛沟组下段.上覆地层的灰岩内有产于西欧维宪阶(Visean)的和华南大塘阶的牙形石,地层时代属于早石炭世维宪期当无问题.华夏木在我国早石炭世的发现对于研究石炭纪植物地理区的划分及东方型鳞木类的演化均有一定意义;文中描述了Cathaysiodendron的1个新种和1个相似种.     

内蒙古大青山煤田晚古生代沉积砾岩的物源分析

大青山煤田晚古生代沉积岩层中共有１４个砾岩层。通过岩矿鉴定、重矿物对比分析、砾度测量及不同成分砾石含量统计、Ｋ－Ａｒ同位素年龄分析及ＲＥＥ配分模式对比研究。证明晚石炭世早期及早二叠世早期砾岩主要砾石成分是石英砂岩,物源为下伏奥陶系石英砂岩;早二叠世中期砾岩主要砾石为石英岩砾石,夺为震旦纪石英岩;早二叠世晚期及晚二叠世初期砾岩的砾石成分主要为中酸性火山岩砾石,并含有一定量的太石界变质岩砾石,母岩分别     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部晚古生代沉积-构造格局及物源分析

综合研究鄂尔多斯盆地北部晚古生代发育背景、地层展布及岩性特征和沉积-构造格局,认为晚古生代沉积-构造格局主要受控于北缘兴蒙海槽演化,逐渐由东—西向转变为北东—南西向.结合前人对盆地北部晚古生代物源的研究成果,根据现今盆地北部构造特征,利用钻井和野外露头资料,对研究区晚古生代物源分布情况作了进一步探讨,初步建立起物源演化关系模式.研究表明:晚石炭世本溪期—早二叠世太原期,伊盟古隆起作为盆地北部物源而遭受剥蚀且具有一定的阻隔作用,使得阴山古陆可能并未向盆地北部提供物源;早二叠世山西期—晚二叠世石千峰期,伴随着伊盟古隆起地区开始接受沉积,阴山古陆成为盆地北部和北缘大青山地区的共同物源.     

塔里木盆地西北缘石炭-二叠系浊积岩的沉积特征及其构造意义

目的研究塔里木盆地西北缘晚石炭世晚期—中二叠世早期(逍遥—栖霞期)浊积岩沉积特征及其构造意义。方法对塔里木盆地西北缘上石炭统上部—中二叠统下部的浊积岩进行岩石、岩相和时空变化特点的分析。结果从晚石炭世晚期—早二叠世早期到中二叠世早期,浊积岩的沉积范围显著减小,沉积区域在向西南方向收缩的同时水体则进一步加深。结论这种沉积-构造特点反映当时南天山造山带内部处于强烈的构造活动状态,南天山造山带向塔里木地块的冲断推覆可以导致这种沉积-构造格局;从沉积学的角度提出南天山造山带在晚石炭世晚期—中二叠世早期可能处于碰撞造山作用的晚期阶段。     

广州地区前华夏植物群研究

广州地区晚泥盆世至早石炭世植物群计 2 3属 4 1种,以真蕨纲和种子蕨纲为主,石松纲居次,另外还有少量楔叶纲、科达纲及种子化石.按地层分布当前植物群可分为沙水岗组植物组合、龙江组植物组合及测水组植物组合.分析该植物群的组成特征,其性质属前华夏植物群     

河北曲阳晚古生代植物群及古地理研究

在河北省曲阳石炭一二叠纪地层中发现古植物化石29属62种,包括真蕨纲和种子蕨纲、楔叶纲、石松纲、瓢叶纲、苏铁纲、种子化石、科达纲、银杏纲.此古植物群华夏植物群的特点明显,纵向上可划分成5个古植物组合;演化具有阶段性,组合的变化与古地理6个演化阶段相适应.     

Origin, evolution and extinction of Cathaysia flora

Recent research results showed that the Cathaysia flora originated and developed from the global uniformLepidodendropsis flora of the Early Carboniferous, which had already become an independent flora in the early Late Carboniferous (Namurian B to C). The center of origin of the Cathaysia flora is restricted to the North China Plate. On the basis of the successional characteristics of the Cathaysia flora in different geological ages, it may be divided into seven evolutionary stages. The evolutionary trend of the Cathaysia flora, as a whole, was characterized by the gradual increase of the typical Cathaysian elements in the sequence from the early Late Carboniferous to the early Late Permian, which began to decline during the late Late Permian. The climatic differentiation, tectonic movement, oceanic circulation, palaeogeographical environment, extraterrestrial event and plant evolution caused the mass extinction of the Cathaysia flora on a large scale by the end of the Permian.     

云南澜沧老厂矿区石炭系划分及原中上石炭统碳酸盐岩时代归属探讨

参照目前的石炭纪和二叠纪地层划分方案,笔者将云南澜沧老厂矿区石炭系与滇西凤庆平掌剖面石炭系进行对比,认为老厂矿区只存在相当于平掌组下段的地层;根据在矿区原中上石炭统"C2 3"碳酸盐岩中所采到的化石面貌显示,该套碳酸盐岩应该属于早二叠世紫松期的沉积,即为下二叠统鱼塘寨组的上段,因而矿区平掌组上段的地层及上石炭统缺失.并重新厘定了老厂矿区的地层层序.     

When horsetails became giants

Horsetails arose in the Late Devonian,evolved a greater diversity and forming fast growing bamboo-like thickets in the Carboniferous lowland swamp forest ecosystems.However,the diversity of this group drastically declined during the Permian while the climate became more dynamic and arid.Today only a single surviving genus exists,the herbaceous Equisetum.Here we report an exceptional large horsetail tree from the Early Permian Petrified Forest of Chemnitz.This fossil horsetail tree is assigned to Arthropitys bistriata (Cotta) Goeppert.It is 15 m high and over 25 cm in diameter,with thick wood and at least 3 orders of woody branching system formed a big canopy,and is morphologically very comparable with the living woody higher plants.This suggests that the plasticity mechanism of Permian calamitaleans enabled novel growth strategies when they competed with the rising gymnosperms during the environmental changes.     

Noeggerathiales as coal-forming plants in Cathaysia: conclusions from an Early Permian vegetational Pompeii in Inner Mongolia

Noeggerathiales are an extinct group of sporebearing plants of uncertain systematic position that are known from Carboniferous and Permian age Euramerican and Cathaysian floras that occurred in presentday Europe, North America, and East Asia. The order Noeggerathiales includes over 50 species of more than 20 fossil genera, but their paleoecology is not well understood yet. Previously this group had been found only in extrabasinal floras or those inhabiting clastic wetlands. Noeggerathiales have never been recorded in coal ball floras. Thus, it is up to now uncertain whether this group has contributed to the formation of coal. Recent investigations of an Early Permian peatforming flora of the Taiyuan Formation near Wuda, Inner Mongolia, which was preserved in a volcanic ash fall has provided evidence that noeggerathialean plants not only existed in the peatforming vegetation but could even be the dominant group in some areas of the coal swamp. The Noeggerathiales in this particular peatforming forest include Tingia unita, Paratingia wudensis, and a new species of Paratingia. Exceptionally well-preserved specimens indicate that these noeggerathialean plants are small trees with a canopy of compound leaves and strobili near the top of an unbranched （monocaulous） stem.     

Discovery of Cathaysiodendron Lee from the Early Carboniferous of Jingyuan, Gansu, western China

As one of the representative members of the Late Palaeozoic Cathaysian flora, Cathaysiodendron has been previously recorded from the Early Permian Taiyuan and Shanxi Formations in north China. The species of Cathaysiodendron presented here are from the lower member of Chouniugou Formation of Ciyao, Jingyuan, Gansu. The overlying marine beds yield fusulinids that are of Visean age in western Europe and conodonts of the Datang Stage in south China, so that the age of the bed containing Cathaysiodendron as Visean, Early Carboniferous, is well constrained. Such a record of Cathaysiodendron is significant in terms of Carboniferous phytogeography and the evolution of the Cathaysian Lepidophytes. A new species, Cathaysiodendron jingyuanense Wang & Wu sp. nov. is described and a second one mentioned.     

西藏申扎地区石炭-二叠纪岩石地层划分之我见

岩石地层单位是根据地层的岩性特征划分的地层单位,组是岩石地层的基本单位.西藏申扎德日昂玛-下拉和昂杰剖面石炭-二叠系发育,该地区石炭、二叠系的岩石地层单位都是在这两个剖面上建立.然而,其中的一些岩石地层单位的建立是根据地层中的化石组合而不是据其岩性特征,不符合多重地层划分的原则.该文对申扎地区石炭-二叠纪岩石地层系统提出了一些见解,并简要讨论了石炭-二叠系界线.     

Evolution of leaf-form in land plants linked to atmospheric CO2 decline in the Late Palaeozoic era

The widespread appearance of megaphyll leaves, with their branched veins and planate form, did not occur until the close of the Devonian period at about 360 Myr ago. This happened about 40 Myr after simple leafless vascular plants first colonized the land in the Late Silurian/Early Devonian, but the reason for the slow emergence of this common feature of present-day plants is presently unresolved. Here we show, in a series of quantitative analyses using fossil leaf characters and biophysical principles, that the delay was causally linked with a 90% drop in atmospheric pCO2 during the Late Palaeozoic era. In contrast to simulations for a typical Early Devonian land plant, possessing few stomata on leafless stems, those for a planate leaf with the same stomatal characteristics indicate that it would have suffered lethal overheating, because of greater interception of solar energy and low transpiration. When planate leaves first appeared in the Late Devonian and subsequently diversified in the Carboniferous period, they possessed substantially higher stomatal densities. This observation is consistent with the effects of the pCO2 on stomatal development and suggests that the evolution of planate leaves could only have occurred after an increase in stomatal density, allowing higher transpiration rates that were sufficient to maintain cool and viable leaf temperatures.     

辽西冀北晚中生代的化石蜥蜴类(爬行纲:有鳞目)

个蜥矢部部龙趾大具有辽西冀北晚中生代已记录的蜥蜴类化石共4属5种,及2个未命名属种。这些化石自下而上可划分4蜴类化石带：中侏罗世杨氏矢部龙带(Yabeinosaurus youngi Zone)、早白垩世早期长趾大凌河蜥-细小龙组合带(Dalinghosaurus longidigitus-Yabeinosaurus tenuis Assemblage Zone)、早白垩世早期细小矢带(Yabeinosaurus tenuis Zone)及早白垩世晚期炭德氏蜥带(Teilhardosaurus canbonarius Zone)凌河蜥-细小矢部龙组合带中的蜥蜴类属种最为丰富且分布较广,为研究早期蜥蜴类的地理地史分重要价值。布长等