WC-高锰钢钢结硬质合金显微组织及相结构研究

本文研究了wC-高锰钢钢结硬质合金中的微观组织及相结构。用金相实验观察到硬质相wc有两种几何形态;用电解萃取及X光衍射测定出合金中存在有WC、γ-Fe、M_6C、M_(23)C_6、FeNi相、并用TME观察了各相的形貌及结构,指出M_6C是本合金的主要碳化物析出相。     

GH36合金中的VCM_(23)C_6和高温持久缺口敏感性

使用薄膜TEM直接观察了成分相近热处理制度不同的两个炉号GH36合金的基本组织,使用SAD和DF技术做物相分析。结果表明,合金经正常热处理后析出细小弥散分布的VC,尺寸约在2nm～12nm,还有M_(23)C_6和N_6C、其中VC和M_(23)C_6与合金基体的取向关系是[011]_(vc)∥[011]_M∥[011]M_(23)C6,(111)_(VC)∥(111)_M∥(111)M_(23)C_6,(200)_(VC)∥(200)_M∥(200)M_(23)C6,通过补充时效后合金中VC颗粒聚集长大,晶界析出的M_(23)C_6更多,这种组织及晶界状态有利于改善合金的持久缺口敏感性。     

基于神经网络的喹诺酮羧酸类衍生物活性研究

喹诺酮类衍生物具有较好的抗菌杀菌能力及抗肿瘤活性,已广泛应用于感染性疾病的治疗。为了研究喹诺酮羧酸类衍生物的活性与分子结构两者之间的定量结构及活性关系(QSAR),基于分子的空间邻接矩阵,使用程序计算了48个喹诺酮羧酸类衍生物的电性拓扑状态指数和电性距离矢量,优化筛选了电性拓扑状态指数的E_1,E_8和电性距离矢量的,M_(26),M_(32),M_(36),M_(81)共6种参数,建立了这些分子的活性与E_1,E_8,M_(26),M_(32),M_(36)和M_(81)共6种参数的多元回归定量构效关系模型。将筛选得到的6种结构参数作为神经网络法的输入层节点,采用6-4-1的网络结构,建立了相对预测精度较高、稳定性较好的神经网络QSAR模型,所得预测活性模型的总相关系数R为0. 992 5,利用所建模型计算得到的喹诺酮羧酸类衍生物活性预测值与相关实验值的相对平均误差仅为0. 87%,两者非常吻合。结果表明,喹诺酮羧酸类衍生物的活性与6种结构参数之间具有良好的非线性关系,基团类型和连接方式是影响喹诺酮羧酸类衍生物活性的主要因素。该研究对高效低毒新型药物的分子设计具有重要的现实意义。     

合金元素对R5系泊链钢中平衡析出相的影响

采用Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件,对R5系泊链钢在400～1600℃存在的平衡析出相进行了热力学计算,并讨论了合金元素对平衡析出相的影响. 结果表明,R5系泊链钢中平衡析出相主要为M_(23)C_6、M_6C、MX和AlN,其中M为Cr、Fe、Mn、Mo、Nb、Ni和V等,X为C、N和空位Va等. 在此基础上讨论了合金元素C、Cr、Mo和Nb对M_(23)C_6相、M_6C相及MX相的平衡摩尔含量和平衡析出温度的影响,优化了新型R5系泊链钢的合金体系及热处理工艺,提出新型R5系泊链钢的最佳热处理工艺为920±30℃淬火和600±30℃回火,其中金属元素Mo的质量分数以0.45%为佳.     

GH220合金的基本组织

GH220合金正常热处理组织有γ基体。γ′、MC、M_6C和M_3B_2相。第一阶段晶粒长大温度1150℃—1170℃,第二阶段为1210℃。碳化物相M_6C最大析出峰在1000℃左右,并发现不同成分的二种M_6C相。 正常热处理得不到大小二种γ′,等温弯晶热处理能得到大小γ′和弯曲晶界组织。 长期时效,低W、Mo、Al、Ti(17.61％)合金析出M_(23)C_6相。当W+Mo大于12％(如12.31％)正常热处理会析出少量μ相;等于12％时,时效后才出现μ相。 合金中加入微量元素Mg可改变碳化物形状,使之细化。     

关于求解二阶周期性初值问题具有极小相位延迟的P—稳定的Hybrid方法

本文提出了一类求解二阶周期性初值问题y"=f(x,y)的具有极小相位延迟的P—稳定的Hybrid方法。其精度与相位延迟的阶均比[1～3]中的同类方法高。本文10阶方法M_(10)(β)只须求f的二阶全导数,6阶方法M_6(β)及8阶方法M_8(β,γ)不需求f的全导数。数值结果表明,本文所构造的方法是有效的。     

Characterization and in-situ formation mechanism of tungsten carbide reinforced Fe-based alloy coating by plasma cladding

The precursor carbonization method was first applied to prepare W–C compound powder to perform the in-situ synthesis of the WC phase in a Fe-based alloy coating. The in-situ formation mechanism during the cladding process is discussed in detail. The results reveal that fine and obtuse WC particles were successfully generated and distributed in Fe-based alloy coating via Fe/W–C compound powders. The WC particles were either surrounded by or were semi-enclosed in blocky M_7C_3 carbides. Moreover, net-like structures were confirmed as mixtures of M_(23)C_6 and α-Fe; these structures were transformed from M_7C_3. The coarse herringbone M_6C carbides did not only derive from the decomposition of M_7C_3 but also partly originated from the chemical reaction at the α-Fe/M_(23)C_6 interface. During the cladding process, the phase evolution of the precipitated carbides was WC → M_7C_3 → M_(23)C_6 + M6_C.     

镍基变形高温合金中的弯曲晶界形成的机制

本文重点研究镍基变形高温合金中弯曲晶界形成的动力学过程。指出当晶界上存在两相(和M_6C或M_(23)C_6)时,形成弯晶的为主相随合金本质及热处理参数(温度、冷速等)而变化。提出一个两相式弯晶形成模型和一个一段晶界迁移模型。     

10Cr-15Co-Ni基高温合金相分析的研究

本文对10Cr-15Co-Ni基高温合金多种热处理状态下的析出相进行了鉴定,着重对比了标准热处理及等温弯晶热处理后的合金相,证明经上述两种不同热处理后相的种类、数量、组成基本相同,主要存在四种相:γ′、MC、M_6C及M_3B_2,无M_(23)C_5。探讨了MC-M_5C-M_3B_2的化学分离条件,同时辅之以相应的x射线衍射法。研究表明分离结果基本可靠。     

M_(23)C_6型碳化物孪晶的电子衍射分析

本文阐述了M_(23)C_6型碳化物孪晶的电子衍射分析方法,并分析和确定了两种金属材料中的晶间片状M_(23)C_6孪晶。     

高碳马氏体不锈钢8 Cr13 MoV钢铸态组织及碳化物

利用Thermo-Calc软件对8Cr13MoV马氏体不锈钢的凝固过程进行计算,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析仪对铸态组织和碳化物形貌以及类型进行观察与分析,利用Gleeble热模拟试验机测定材料的静态连续冷却转变曲线.结果表明,8Cr13MoV在平衡凝固条件下组织为铁素体和M23 C6型碳化物,而在实际的凝固条件下,组织为铁素体、马氏体、残余奥氏体、M7 C3型和M23 C6型碳化物,由于偏析导致最终组织中碳化物以M7 C3型为主,少量M23 C6以薄片或树枝状分布在晶界上.由于较高的C和Cr含量,以0.1℃·s-1的冷却速率冷却时,奥氏体也会发生马氏体转变.     

高速钢中碳化物的检测

本文利用选择腐蚀、透射电镜、硬度测试和体积分数测定等手段，分析了一种新型铸态超高速钢中碳化物的种类、硬度和所占体积百分数．结果表明；试验钢中主要含有Ｍ６Ｃ和ＭＣ型碳化物，其硬度分别为ＨＭ１０００、ＨＭ２０００左右；体积为２６％和２１％，另外，还有少量Ｍ２Ｃ型碳化物．     

Characterization and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in-situ</Emphasis> formation mechanism of tungsten carbide reinforced Fe-based alloy coating by plasma cladding

The precursor carbonization method was first applied to prepare W-C compound powder to perform the in-situ synthesis of the WC phase in a Fe-based alloy coating. The in-situ formation mechanism during the cladding process is discussed in detail. The results reveal that fine and obtuse WC particles were successfully generated and distributed in Fe-based alloy coating via Fe/W-C compound powders. The WC particles were either surrounded by or were semi-enclosed in blocky M₇C₃ carbides. Moreover, net-like structures were confirmed as mixtures of M₂₃C₆ and α-Fe; these structures were transformed from M₇C₃. The coarse herringbone M₃C carbides did not only derive from the decomposition of M₇C₃ but also partly originated from the chemical reaction at the α-Fe/M₂₃C₆ interface. During the cladding process, the phase evolution of the precipitated carbides was WC → M₇C₃ → M₂₃C₆+M₃C.     

三牙轮钻头硬质合金堆焊层微观组织分析

研究了WC-Co、铸造碳化钨硬质合金的淬火及深冷处理等热处理工艺,分析了WC-Co、铸造碳化钨硬质合金的金相组织,分析了WC-Co、铸造碳化钨硬质合金淬火和深冷处理提高性能的原因。研究了淬火和深冷处理提高性能的机理。结果证实WC-Co硬质合金金相组织为γ′和M7C3、M6C、M23C6型化合物,铸造碳化钨硬质合金金相组织为η和M7C3、M6C、M23C6型化合物。淬火及深冷处理能强化粘接相,改善合金组织结构和微观结构。     

低活化铁素体/马氏体钢的增强机理研究进展

This review summarizes the strengthening mechanisms of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels. High-angle grain boundaries, subgrain boundaries, nano-sized M₂₃C₆, and MX carbide precipitates effectively hinder dislocation motion and increase high-temperature strength. M₂₃C₆ carbides are easily coarsened under high temperatures, thereby weakening their ability to block dislocations. Creep properties are improved through the reduction of M₂₃C₆ carbides. Thus, the loss of strength must be compensated by other strengthening mechanisms. This review also outlines the recent progress in the development of RAFM steels. Oxide dispersion-strengthened steels prevent M₂₃C₆ precipitation by reducing C content to increase creep life and introduce a high density of nano-sized oxide precipitates to offset the reduced strength. Severe plastic deformation methods can substantially refine subgrains and MX carbides in the steel. The thermal deformation strengthening of RAFM steels mainly relies on thermo-mechanical treatment to increase the MX carbide and subgrain boundaries. This procedure increases the creep life of TMT(thermo-mechanical treatment) 9Cr–1W–0.06Ta steel by ~20 times compared with those of F82H and Eurofer 97 steels under 550°C/260 MPa.     

Preparation and Identification of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Vibrio anguillarum

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against V. anguillarum strain M3 are prepared, and their isotypes are also characterized. Among them, C1C5 is the only Mab which does not cross-react with other eleven non-V, anguillarum strains. The proteinase K digestion test shows that the epitopes recognized by C1C5, C6C3 and C6C32 Mabs contained protein. The periodate oxidation test showed that the epitopes recognized by Mabs except C1 C5 are glycosylated. In addition, results of additivity test indicate that the epitopes recognized by C6C3 and C6C32 Mabs are similar, and quite different from those recognized by MabC1C5.     

Microstructural evolution of a heat-treated H23 tool steel

The microstructure and the stability of carbides after heat treatments in an H23 tool steel were investigated. The heat treatments consisted of austenization at two different austenizing temperatures (1100℃ and 1250℃), followed by water quenching and double-aging at 650℃, 750℃, and 800℃ with air cooling between the first and second aging treatments. Martensite did not form in the as-quenched microstructures, which consisted of a ferrite matrix, M₆C, M₇C₃, and MC carbides. The double-aged microstructures consisted of a ferrite matrix and MC, M₆C, M₇C₃, and M₂₃C₆ carbides. Secondary hardening as a consequence of secondary precipitation of fine M₂C carbides did not occur. There was disagreement between the experimental microstructure and the results of thermodynamic calculations. The highest double-aged hardness of the H23 tool steel was 448 HV after austenization at 1250℃ and double-aging at 650℃, which suggested that this tool steel should be used at temperatures below 650℃.     

Solidification microstructure formation in HK40 and HH40 alloys

The microstructure formation processes in HK40 and HH40 alloys were investigated through JmatPro calculations and quenching performed during directional solidification. The phase transition routes of HK40 and HH40 alloys were determined as L → L + γ → L + γ + M₇C₃ → γ + M₇C₃ → γ + M₇C₃ + M₂₃C₆→ γ + M₂₃C₆ and L → L + δ → L + δ + γ→ L + δ + γ + M₂₃C₆ δ + γ + M₂₃C₆, respectively. The solidification mode was determined to be the austenitic mode (A mode) in HK40 alloy and the ferritic–austenitic solidification mode (FA mode) in HH40 alloy. In HK40 alloy, eutectic carbides directly precipitate in a liquid and coarsen during cooling. The primary γ dendrites grow at the 60° angle to each other. On the other hand, in HH40 alloy, residual δ forms because of the incomplete transformation from δ to γ. Cr₂₃C₆ carbide is produced in solid delta ferrite δ but not directly in liquid HH40 alloy. Because of carbide formation in the solid phase and no rapid growth of the dendrite in a non-preferential direction, HH40 alloy is more resistant to cast defect formation than HK40 alloy.     

巴基球制备的研究

用自行设计的一种简单电弧发生器制备了产率为１１％的Ｃ６０和Ｃ７０混合物．经高压液相色谱分析，Ｃ６０含量为８６％，Ｃ７０含量为１４％．木文讨论了压力和电流的大小对产率的影响，还给出了最佳制备条件．     

陕西洛南中晚更新世根田鼠化石

目的研究陕西洛南张坪洞穴群中发现的根田鼠化石M icccrotus oeconomus。方法运用经典古生物学方法,包括化石解剖、系统描述、形态对比、统计归纳。结果M3舌侧3褶沟4褶角;m1有4个封闭的三角,第5个与前帽贯通,后环位于齿列纵轴上;m3唇侧3褶角;M3和m1的长度、宽度从第6层洞到第1层洞逐渐变大,第6齿峡(Is6)的宽度变小。结论化石的主要特征可与周口店第1地点的M.epiratticeps相对比,主要测量值在现生种的变异范围之内,确定为中更新世以来不同时段的根田鼠化石,其颊齿趋于增大,第6齿峡趋于变窄。