北黄海大鹿岛附近海域海洋牧场本底地质环境分析

为推进北黄海北部特色滩涂型海洋牧场建设,本研究对北黄海大鹿岛附近海域海洋牧场本底地质环境开展调查评估,利用高分辨率声学探测设备获取研究海域的精密水深数据和浅地层剖面数据;利用现场和实验室结合的方法测定海水理化参数;利用筛析法、激光粒度仪测试方法确定沉积物类型和粒度特征,最终通过分析研究区海底地形地貌、海水水质状况和沉积物分布特征对本底地质环境进行评估。结果显示：目标海域测量水深为1-29 m,平均水深为16 m,海底地形整体表现为平缓的近岸缓坡,地貌以水下侵蚀堆积地貌为主;海底浅地层剖面中U1声学地层清晰连续,全区可追踪,厚度约6 m且变化不大;海水水质良好,主要处于Ⅱ类海水水质标准;表层沉积物类型均为砂,沉积物组分变化不大,砂组分占绝对优势,表层沉积物空间分布主要与沉积物物源条件及辽南沿岸流、海域潮流等因素有关。综合分析认为,北黄海大鹿岛附近海域水深适宜,地形较为平坦,水质环境良好,以砂质浅滩沉积为主,适于滩涂型海洋牧场的构建。     

渤海水交换的数值研究—水质模型对半交换时间的模拟

介绍了几种关于水交换的概念和模型。认为以水质模型模拟半交换时间研究海域的水交换能力更全面、客观。对渤海水交换的研究表明，由于渤海环流结构及季节变化，使得渤海3个海湾及渤海中部交换能力相差很大，莱州湾交换能力最强，辽东湾特别是其西部海域交换能力最弱。交换时间与物质初始浓度无关，与投放时刻、外源强迫密切相关。在治理渤海环境时，应分区进行，注意选择污染物排放时间和位置。     

泉州安海湾海域沉积物污染及防治措施初探

通过安海湾海域底质的现状分析,安海湾海域沉积物质量湾外比湾内好,湾内除了有机质以及大部分测点的石油类未超标外,铬、锌、铜、硫化物均已超标.湾口及湾外除个别站位锌超标外,其余均满足沉积物要求.安海湾海域底质超标的石油类污染,主要治理措施是控制海上污染源排放和加强海上管理;海域底质重金属污染,主要是通过生物吸附法、化学沉淀法和离子交换法来去除污水中的重金属离子.同时需加大政府职能,利用管理、监督等对策,使安海湾海域的污染程度降到最低.     

渤海海域叶绿素浓度的遥感反演研究

以渤海海域为研究区域,以MODIS1B卫星影像为数据源,利用MODIS 250.m分辨率的波段反射率构建的NDPI(Normalized Difference Pigment Index)遥感指数结合叶绿素质量浓度(ρ)实测值进行回归拟合分析,建立基于MODIS1B数据的渤海海域叶绿素质量浓度遥感提取模型,并应用该模型反演出渤海海域叶绿素浓度的分布情况,对其分布进行了分析和评价.研究结果表明,利用MODIS1B数据监测渤海海域的水质情况是可行的.     

内湾沉积物中生物硅的测定方法及其应用初探

生物硅指来源于硅藻、放射虫和海绵骨针等的生源无定形硅.生物硅积累的时空变动被看作是古生产力和古气候重建的一个重要标志.在内湾水域,生物硅可作为初级生产力和营养盐变动状况的良好指标.我们通过文献查阅和对比实验建立一套针对内湾沉积物样品的生物硅测定方法,并应用该方法分析了厦门西海域沉积物样品中的生物硅含量,同时讨论了利用生物硅数据推断此海域的各种环境参数的变动情况的可行性.     

渤海风暴潮过程的数值模拟研究

基于三维近海海洋模式——FVCOM(the finite volume coastal ocean model)海洋动力学模型,利用中尺度气象预报资料WRF(the weather research forecasting model)风场数据和网格嵌套方法,通过潮汐和风场共同驱动,建立了渤海风暴潮模型.对1997年8月的Winnie台风风暴潮进行数值模拟,研究了渤海风暴潮增减水及流场的时空变化特征.研究表明,渤海沿岸增水幅度较大,水位变化明显,潮流运动发生较大改变.利用模拟结果,研究了岸线变化对渤海湾风暴潮增水的影响.岸线变化后,曹妃甸港、天津港和黄骅港海域,风暴潮增水有不同程度的增加,渤海湾风暴潮灾害强度有增加的趋势.     

东山湾的现代沉积

作者分析了取自东山湾海底沉积物的粒度组成、有机质和碳酸钙含量、颗粒表面特征等,结果表明:潮流和风是泥沙搬运和沉积作用的最主要动力,陆源冲积砂和风砂是东山湾沉积物的主要来源。     

地震风险与防范:渤海隧道安全的关键性问题

地震的预测预报难度极大,但总有一些规律性可寻:地震带显示地壳脆弱部位的轨迹;地震多发于不同地形地貌的转换地带;地震发生的随机性与复发周期的模糊性;序列震、震群震、异地震之关联性等.对渤海的形成及海底地质地貌特点,地震带及相关历史地震分布,本区域现实地震状况等进行了描述.在此基础上,就环渤海区域之地震风险、隧道路经海域地震趋势及其影响力、隧道选线及防震措施等关键性问题进行了综合分析并提出了有关建议.     

莱州湾扇贝养殖区水体、沉积物和扇贝中环境激素的检测与评价

为了解莱州湾扇贝养殖区养殖环境及扇贝的质量状况,于2015年对莱州湾扇贝养殖区水体、沉积物及扇贝中的重金属(铜、铅、镉、汞和砷)、有机氯农药(六六六和滴滴涕)、多氯联苯和石油烃等4类环境激素进行了检测与评价.结果显示:水体中铅与汞含量分别在所有海域和个别海域超出水质一类标准,沉积物中多氯联苯和砷在某些月份超出沉积物质量一类标准,所调查海域内扇贝均符合食用标准.     

黄河口及渤海中南部沉积物工程特性及其机理

采用Ｋａｓｔｅｎ取样器从黄河口及渤海中南部海底沉积物中取样，对样品通过土工性质，微结构研究以及粘土矿物分析，阐明本研究区三维空间展布的海底沉积物形成机理及其工程地质规律，论证水动力作用和斜坡不稳定性对工程特性和微结构的重要影响。     

广西近岸海域水下平原表层沉积物中重金属分布及其积累

【目的】研究广西近岸水下平原沉积物重金属分布和积累特征,促进对重金属自河口海湾向陆架扩散规律的对比与把握。【方法】从广西近岸水下平原采集表层沉积物和岩芯,通过实验测试的手段,分析表层沉积物重金属Pb、As、Hg的分布和积累特征。【结果】广西近岸水下平原表层沉积物中Pb含量为8.0×10-6~44.7×10-6,As含量为1.6×10-6~31.4×10-6,Hg含量为0.001×10-6~0.086×10-6,变化较大;Pb、As、Hg的分布受沉积环境和沉积物类型影响,As含量在水下平原北部水动力作用强烈之处出现局部高值,与含As的母岩风化有关;Pb、As、Hg有一定的共聚性,并显示亲Ni、Zn、Ga、Zr和疏Sr的特征;Pb、As、Hg与粒度参数有线性和聚类关系,对粒级响应性即斜率k的拐点在~0.125mm至~0.063mm之间,视沉积环境和沉积物的不同而有所移动;贫有机质站位由于水动力作用强烈,以自然风化的物理过程为主,重金属含量很低,而有机质积累成因为主的站位重金属含量积累增幅区间的频率,Pb的以40%~60%最高,As和Hg的均是60%~80%最高,增幅序列均遵循单增自然对数关系,曲线分段对应不同的沉积环境。【结论】广西近岸水下平原表层沉积物质量总体较好,但相对区域本底值来看,Pb积累性比较突出,As次之。     

南海海底矿物资源开发前景

随着陆地矿产资源的不断使用变少,海底矿物资源将成为社会经济发展和现代化建设的优质接替资源。为实现海洋强国战略,加快南海海底矿物资源的开发利用,亟需对海底的矿物资源重新评价。本文综合分析多年地质调查数据和近年来的重要研究进展,结合近年来载人潜器和ROV调查成果,梳理了南海海底矿物资源研究现状,研究南海海域锰结核、富钴结壳、多金属硫化物、富稀土沉积物、砂矿等类型资源的矿物特征和分布规律,评价多类型矿物的成矿远景,并总结分析南海海底矿物资源开发中可能存在的问题,以指导我国南海海底矿物资源潜力研究和满足勘探开发前景分析的迫切需求,并为南海海底矿物资源的开发和决策提供依据。     

南海北部陆坡地形特征及其影响因素研究

南海北部陆坡位于南海北部大陆边缘,地质构造活动丰富,是大陆和深海进行物质和能量交换的重要过渡区。研究北部陆坡区复杂的地形地貌,有助于深化对南海北部陆缘海底地质活动与环境变化的认识,并为资源勘探与工程建设提供基础地质信息支撑。本研究基于全球水深地形图（General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans,GEBCO）数据及实测多波束数据,对南海北部陆坡的地形地貌进行研究,识别出不同的地貌类型,并探讨其形成和发展的控制因素。研究表明,南海北部陆坡发育有海台、海山、海丘、海槽、海底峡谷以及冷泉地貌类型。南海北部陆坡地形地貌的发育和演化主要受控于构造活动及火山活动,而外动力地质作用如沉积输运、海平面变化及甲烷流体的活动等,都对研究区的地形地貌做了进一步的改造,使之更加复杂。     

Research on methods of designing and building digital seabed database

With a review of the recent development in digitalization and application of seabed data, this paper systematically proposed methods for integrating seabed data by analyzing its feature based on ORACLE database management system and advanced techniques of spatial data management. We did research on storage structure of seabed data, distributed-integrated database system, standardized spatial database and seabed metadata management system in order to effectively manage and use these seabed information in practical application. Finally, we applied the methods researched and proposed in this paper to build the Bohai Sea engineering geology database that stores engineering geology data and other seabed information from the Bohai Sea area. As a result, the Bohai Sea engineering geology database can effectively integrate huge amount of distributed and complicated seabed data to meet the practical requisition of Bohai Sea engineering geology environment exploration and exploitation.     

Tectonic geomorphology of the Ryukyu Trench-Arc-Backarc System： geological-geophysical exploration and mapping

Based on an analysis of full-cover multi-beam bathymetric data, seismic and sub-bottom profiling data, and other geological-geophysical data sets, the geomorphologic features of the Ryukyu trench-arc-backarc (T-A-BA) system are delineated, and a geomorphologic map of the system is compiled. The results show that the evolution and spatial distribution patterns of the geomorphologic types of the Ryukyu T-A-BA system are controlled mainly by tectonic movements. The tectonic geomorphologic characteristics of the Ryukyu Arc (RA) differ distinctly from those of the East China Sea (ECS) continental shelf and slope. In term of geological structures, RA consists of the Tokara volcanic ridge, the Ryukyu folded ridge, the fore-arc accretion-wedge ridge and the Amami Depression and the fore-arc depressions between the ridges, which is composed of a complex of alternating island-slope ridges and fault basins. The slope of the ECS is a passive continental margin with stepwise faults. The Okinawa Trough (OT) is a backarc rift in which tectonicmovements are intensive, with active volcanic and hydro-thermal eruptions and sea floor spreading. The development of geomorphic features of the OT is controlled by the central en echelon spreading axes, the faults along the ECS slope and the marginal faults to the west of the Tokara volcanic ridge. The geomorphic complex of the OT is arranged in the following pattern: the en echelon grabens and volcanic chains formed by rifting and spreading lie in the central part of the trough, the turbidite plains incliningwards from the slope foot of the ECS lie in the westeru-northwesteru parts of the OT, and the volcaniclastic deposit plains inclining westward-northwestwards from the western slope foot of the RA lie in the easteru-southeasteru parts of the OT. In term of tectonic geomorphology, the OT forms a natural division between the sheff of the ECS and the RA.     

渤海湾盆地形成机制研究

从渤海湾盆的几何形态,盆地边界的走滑构造和内部的伸展构造分析,结合盆地的沉积特征和沉部地质特征的研究,提出渤涨湾盆地的拉造成因模式。     

Structural deformation and fault activity of the Tan-Lu Fault zone in the Bohai Sea since the late Pleistocene

The Tan-Lu Fault zone (TLFZ) is a significant fractural zone in eastern China and also a seismicity belt in North China. Based on total 4000-km-long shallow penetrated single seismic data with high-resolution, structural deformation and fault activity of the TLFZ in the Bohai Sea since the late Pleistocene are discussed in detail. The results show that the TLFZ with a discontinuous distribution and a general NNE-trending consists of 14 active subfaults with an NNE or NE strike in the Bohai Sea. Seismic data reveal that de-formation zones along the subfaults in the central Bohai Sea and the Laizhou Bay are wider and more complex than those in the Liaodong Gulf. Related folds and lots of secondary normal faults which are characterized by nearly vertical fault planes and a same or reverse dip construct the fractural zone in the Laizhou Bay and the central Bohai Sea. Usually, micro symmetrical grabens develop on the top of anticlines. In the Liaodong Gulf, subfault fractural zones usually consist of secondary normal faults with the same inclination or opposite inclination. Ages of seismic sequences and cutting relation between subfaults and seismic sequences suggest that the latest faulting age of the TLFZ is the end of the late Pleistocene in the Liaodong Gulf and the early Holocene in the Laizhou Bay and the central Bohai Sea. There is a good match between distribution of earthquakes and that of the subfaults in the Laizhou Bay and the central Bohai. Statistical result shows that total vertical offset of the TLFZ since the late Pleistocene ranges from 6 to 11 m. On the basis of offsets of the subfaults, the vertical slip rate is calculated and results show that average vertical slip rates in the central Bohai Sea are larger than those in the Liaodong Gulf and the Laizhou Bay. Slip rates more than 0.06 mm/a during 23–10 ka B.P. and 85–65 ka B.P. are larger than those in other stages. The TLFZ was mainly dominated by tensional normal component since the late Pleistocene. Synthesizing shallow deformation, activity and distribution of earthquakes, the TLFZ in the Bohai Sea can be divided into three segments: the Laizhou-Bay segment, the Bozhong segment, and the Liaodong-Gulf segment.     

广西近岸海域水下平原表层沉积物中有机质分布及其积累

【目的】研究广西近岸水下平原表层沉积物有机质的分布和积累,了解有机质的扩散和现状。【方法】以钦州湾口水下斜坡为界,东至铁山港口外古滨海平原的20m以浅的广西近岸水下平原为研究区,依据2007~2010年广西近岸海洋环境地质调查资料,分析该区海底表层沉积物和钻孔有机质的分布、关系和积累特征。【结果】表层沉积物有机质含量频率f分布不均;研究区可划分出3大类沉积环境和5种亚环境,在其间的有机质分布含量差异较大,对沉积环境的选择性较强;有机质分布与沉积物粒度参数也有较大关系,随着粒径(φ)和分选系数增大而升高,沉积物粒度正偏有利于有机质积聚;有机质随沉积动力减弱而聚集,以平均粒径衡量的话,呈现指数增长规律;在不同的沉积环境有机质序列有指数、线性、对数递增关系,表明不同的积累阶段;随着沉积物粒级变细,在3~6φ粒级段出现有机质吸附积累拐点,而且有机质与粘土有共聚性;在研究区西北部监测站位的有机质具有明显的年际变化,观测期间总体增幅0。【结论】虽然根据沉积物质量评价标准表层有机质尚未超标,但结合本底值计算得出的积累系数显示水下平原西北部、西南部、南部位置均出现富集,对应着不同的来源和影响程度,是陆源输入在水动力分配下聚集的结果。     

Comparison of summer thermohaline field and circulation structure of the Bohai Sea between 1958 and 2000

TheBohaiSea(37°07′—41°N,117°35′—121°10′E)isashallowsemi-enclosedsea.SincetheBohaiSeaistheonlyinnerseaofChinaandalsoanimportantstra-tegicsea,itisoneofthemostinvestigatedseasinChina.Alargenumberofstudiesonthetideandthetidalcurrentaswellasnumericalsimulationofcirculationhavebeencarriedout,enhancingourunderstandingoftheBohaiSea.Long-termvariationsoftheseasurfacesalinity(SSS)andseasurfacetemperature(SST)oftheBohaiSeawereanalyzed.Linetal.[1]foundthatthepositivetrendsoftheannualmeanS…     

海底沉积物物理参数声速反演方法研究

海底沉积物的物理参数是海洋资源勘探开发、工程施工的重要参数。基于Gassmann理论,采用改进遗传算法,以海底沉积物实测纵波速度矩阵与预测纵波速度矩阵差的2范数作为目标函数,建立了由海底沉积物纵波声速反演海底沉积物密度、孔隙度和泊松比的反演方法。经过模型数据与实际资料应用,检验了方法的正确性。该方法可为海底工程、海底资源勘查提供技术支撑。