云南再次发现林雕鸮

林雕鸮(Bubo nipalensis)在中国为罕见的夜行性猛禽。云南自1954年在河口县坝洒采获1只标本后,多年来均无在野外观察到这种猫头鹰的报道。今年2月笔者在思茅市梅子湖公园的动物园中见到一只林雕鸮。经向动物园管理人员了解,这只林雕鸮系距思茅市东边28公里的五里河山区农民在野外捕获后,卖与梅子湖公园的。据思茅市林业局反映,最近几年他们在实施野生动物保护执法检查时,也曾没收过此种猫头鹰,前后共有4～5只,没收后均放归自然,未能拍照存档。如     

烟草病虫害名录

本文记录了我国已知烟草病害56种.烟草害虫180种,烟草有害软体动物4种。     

中国阳蝇属区系研究(双翅目:蝇科)

阳蝇属迄今在全世界已知400余种,本文报告了阳蝇属的属征、生物学及分类概况.在已有标本采集记录和资料的基础上,讨论了我国阳蝇属已知种的区系分布特点.结果表明我国阳蝇属种类极其丰富,已知176种,约占世界阳蝇已知种数的44%;在世界动物地理区划中,古北界种81种,东洋界种73种,古北和东洋界共同种13种,全北界种9种;在我国动物地理区划中,西南区、华北区和东北区的种类最为丰富;在我国已知的阳蝇中有140种为地方性种.     

中国纹凤蝶属一新记录种补记

补充记述了采自中国广西凤蝶科纹凤蝶属Paranticopsis Wood-Mason et de Nicéville一新记录种:尾纹凤蝶P.phidias(Oberthür,1896),澄清了几种文献记载的世界纹凤蝶属已知种数,改编了中国纹凤蝶属已知种的分种检索表.标本存放在广西植物所.     

中国泉蝇属区系研究(双翅目:花蝇科)

报告了泉蝇属的属征、生物学、经济意义和分类概况.在现有资料和标本采集记录的基础上,重点讨论了我国泉蝇属已知种的区系分布特点,其中有64种为地方性种.     

三元组快速分类法

本文提出了三元组快速分类法,在已知数据记录最小值差的条件下,对数据记录分类,达到了分类法时间界限的下界——O(N)。     

新疆棉藓属(Plagiothecium B.S.G.)植物的分类及新记录

棉藓属Plagiothecium是棉藓科(Plagiotheciaceae)中仅有的代表属,全世界约90种。我国记录16种、6变种和1变型。根据在全疆范围内收集及采集的60号标本的鉴定和近20年来前人有关新疆棉藓属的记录,现已知新疆共有棉藓属植物4种,其中3种为新疆首次记录:包括圆条棉藓Plagiothecium cavifolium(Brid.)Iwats.、棉藓P.denticulatum(Hedw.)Schimp.、小叶棉藓P.latebricola Schimp.。文中列出了分种检索表,并对各种作了主要特征描述。     

中国毛食蚜蝇属Dasysyrphus Enderlein的种类及分布(双翅目:食蚜蝇科)

记录中国毛食蚜蝇属 11种 ,包括中国新录种 1种 ,3种为陕西省新记录 .文中简述了毛食蚜蝇属的鉴别特征及其分类概况 ,列出中国已知种类的分布区域及检索表 ,对中国毛食蚜属的区系分布特点作了初步的分析 .     

国际新闻

天文学家记录肉眼可见最大γ射线暴（图）;美发现已知最古老的动物足迹化石;酸性增加使海洋变吵《图）;美科学家研制高温超导薄膜;发现可在无氧无光环境下生存的细菌.     

尼麦角林中有关物质的检查

建立尼麦角林原料药中有关物质的检查方法.采用高效液相色谱法,以SymmertyC18色谱柱(250×4.6mm,10μm),甲醇-30mmol.L-1KH2PO4水溶液-三乙胺(61:39:0.8,磷酸调节pH3.5±0.1)为流动相,流速1.0mL.min-1,在波长287nm处对尼麦角林进行有关物质检查.对已知杂质1-MMDL采用加校正因子的主成分自身对照法检查,对未知杂质采用不加校正因子的自身对照法检查.该方法专属性强,灵敏度高,精密度好,准确可靠,可用于质量控制.     

On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota

Protopteryx, a monotypic fossil bird discovered from the Sichakou basin in Fengning, Hebei, is the most primitive enantiornithine currently known. The bird-bearing strata do not contain the index fossils of the Yixian Formation in western Liaoning; the fish and bird fossils have more primitive features than the related forms found in the Yixian Formation, and the conchostracans are those usually distributed in the Dabeigou and Dadianzi formations in northern Hebei. Besides, the Protopteryx-bearing strata underlie the deposits bearing the index fossils of the Yixian Formation in the neighboring basin. Thus, it could be confirmed that the horizon of Protopteryx should be lower than the Yixian Formation, and Is approximately equivalent to the Dadianzi Formation in northern Hebei. This is the lowest horizon of the known fossil birds in China and Mesozoic enantiornithine birds in the world. Accompanying Protopteryx, there are other birds, acipenseriform fishes, salamanders, and mammals, which compose the Peipiaosteus fengningensis-Protopteryx fengningensis assemblage. This new assemblage traces the vertebrate evolution history of the Jehol Biota back to 130.7 Ma before. It is suggested that the demarcation of the Jehol Biota should be based on the large-scale tectonic-sedimentary cycles, and Peipiaosteus, instead of Lycoptera, could be taken as the vertebrate representative of the Jehol Biota.     

番茄褪绿病毒及植株对其侵染响应性研究进展

目前全球已知的番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,ToCV)分离株系可分成3组,它们在中国境内都有被发现,但仍呈区域性分布.ToCV病害主要通过阻断粉虱传播来防治,更长期有效的防控则基于对植株对ToCV侵染的敏感性和抗性的分子遗传基础的了解,和对病毒具有耐受或者抗性的作物品种的培育.为此,综述了近年来在ToCV基因组方面的研究进展以及不同地区病毒分离株的序列特征,并分析了导致番茄耐病、抗病机理研究滞后的原因.     

Identification of a novel tillering dwarf mutant and fine mapping of the TDDL（T） gene in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Rice plant architecture is an important agronomic trait that affects the grain yield. To understand the molecular mechanism that controls plant architecture, a tillering dwarf mutant with darker-green leaves derived from an indica cultivar IR64 treated with EMS is characterized. The mutant, designated as tddl（t）, is nonallelic to the known tiilering dwarf mutants. It is controlled by one recessive nuclear gene, TDDL（T）, and grouped into the dn-type dwarfism according to Takeda＇s definition. The dwarfism of the mutant is independent of gibberellic acid based on the analyses of two GA-mediated processes. The independence of brassinosteroid （BR） and naphthal-3-acetic acid （NAA） of the tddl（t） mutant, together with the decreased size of parenchyma cells in the vascular bundle, indicates that the TDDL（7） gene might participate in another hormone pathway. TDDL（T） is fine mapped within an 85.51 kb region on the long arm of rice chromosome 4, where 20 ORFs are predicted by RiceGAAS （http：//ricegaas.dna.affrc. go.jp/rgadb/）. Further cloning of TDDL（T） will benefit both marker assisted selection （MAS） of plant architecture and dissection of the molecular mechanism underlying tillering dwarf in rice.     

中国白肩天蛾属记述与一新记录种(鳞翅目:天蛾科)

白肩天蛾属(Rhagastis RothschildJordan,1903)在中国分布有9种.于2017年上半年和2018年上半年分别对贵州荔波县茂兰自然保护区和海南乐东县尖峰岭地区进行考察并采集到一些天蛾标本.在对长喙天蛾族(Macroglossini Harris,1839)的标本进行整理之后发现,其中一些标本为宽缘白肩天蛾(Rhagastis acuta Walker,1856),这是该种首次在中国境内被记录.对该新记录种雄性成虫的形态进行了描述且附图,并对中国白肩天蛾属目前已知的种类进行了记述.     

Ecological studies on Prochlorococcus in China seas

Prochlorococcus, a tiny oxygenic photosynthetic picoplankton with unique pigment composition, has been found to be ubiquitous and abundant in the world oceans, and has been recognized to be closely related to living resources and environmental issues. It has attracted the interest of marine biologists since its discovery, and field data on it over global oceans have accumulated rapidly in the past 10 years. In China, we have studied Prochlorococcus for 8 years, achieving a basic ecological understanding. The presence of Prochlorococcus in China seas, marginal seas of the west Pacific, was confirmed, and its distribution patterns were also brought to light. Prochlorococcus is very abundant in the South China Sea and the offshore regions of the East China Sea. It is seasonally present in the southeast part of the Yellow Sea and absent in the Bohai Sea. Temporal and spatial variations of the abundance of Prochlorococcus and their affecting factors, physiological and ecological characteristics of Prochlorococcus and their relationships to the other groups of picoplankton, and the importance of Prochlorococcus in total biomass and possible roles in living resources and environmental problems are discussed. In the future, isolation of different Prochlorococcus strains from the China seas and their physiological characteristics, genetic diversity, phylogenies and gene exploiture, etc. are important issues to be addressed.     

广西䗛目3新种记述

记述采自广西的Ｙｏｕ目昆虫３新种,即Ｙｏｕ科的兴安短肛Ｙｏｕ（Ｂａｃｕｌｕｍｘｉｎｇａｎｅｎｓｅｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）异Ｙｏｕ科的广西原异Ｙｏｕ（Ｐｒｏｓｃｅｌｅｓｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）和蓝胸蔷Ｙｏｕ（Ａｓｃｌｅｓｃａｅｃｉｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）对其形态进行了描述,与近缘种作比较,并附特征图。     

当前气候情境下3种凤尾藓在中国亚热带东部地区的潜在分布格局

基于当前气候条件下11个生物气候变量,以及小凤尾藓乳突变种15个、拟粗肋凤尾藓12个、透明凤尾藓16个国内地理分布记录,应用Max Ent模型和Arc GIS软件,预测了当前气候背景下这3种凤尾藓属植物在从未报道具体分布数据中国亚热带东部的37个自然保护区的潜在分布格局.选择10%的遗漏错误对应的累积值作为分布预测阈值,计算了当前气候条件下3种凤尾藓属植物在中国亚热带东部这37个自然保护区的综合气候适应指数.