西瓜NPR1抗病基因的遗传转化

比较了不同预培养时间、侵染时间、共培养时间等因素对农杆菌转化西瓜的影响。西瓜遗传转化的适宜条件:3 d苗龄的子叶,预培养1 d,农杆菌侵染10~15 m in,共培养3 d;不定芽与根的潮霉素(Hyg)筛选浓度分别为20 m g.L-1和6 m g.L-1。对20株西瓜转化苗进行DNA提取,PCR检测,其中5株呈阳性,初步证明目的基因已经整合到西瓜基因组中。     

生防菌NH-BS-2000对西瓜枯萎病原菌抑制作用的研究

测定了生防菌NH BS 2000对西瓜枯萎病原菌的抑制作用.结果表明,培养温度对生防菌NH BS 2000的生长有显著影响,35℃培养的生防菌浓度比15℃培养的多54倍,它们对镰刀菌的抑制率分别为74.0%和63.2%,差异显著;浓度对生防菌抑制病原菌作用的影响不显著,生防菌液原液与1000倍稀释液对病原菌抑制率分别为62.0%和64.2%;用生防菌NH BS 2000处理病原菌8d后,抑制率均在62%以上,最高抑制率达80.6%,而且抑制作用的持续性强.说明NH BS 2000菌株具备作为枯萎病生防菌的良好优势.     

日光温室嫁接黄瓜枯死(茎疫病)病原鉴定

为了明确甘肃省白银地区日光温室嫁接黄瓜枯死(茎疫病)的病因,采用孢子稀释法分离培养病原菌。通过科赫氏法则证病。依据病原菌的形态学及分子生物学特征鉴定病原菌种类。采用离体叶片接种法测定病菌寄主范围。结果表明:罹病植株茎部棒孢霉的分出率达100%。病原菌被鉴定为多主棒孢霉Corynespora cassiicola(BerkCurt)Wei。人工接种显示,病菌可侵染黄瓜,不侵染番瓜、番茄和茄子。嫁接黄瓜植株枯死的原因是多主棒孢霉侵染黄瓜接穗的嫁接端口所致。     

枯萎病原菌在黄瓜组培苗体内侵染特性的研究

采用黄瓜枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌菌株F H.6.5 030318 J2接种黄瓜组培苗,研究该病原菌在植株体内侵染特性,结果表明:黄瓜枯萎病菌侵染植株是通过菌丝体在植株体内不断扩展,菌丝体可同时朝下与朝上扩展,接种4d菌丝体已到达根部组织,但从茎顶部组织未分离到病原菌;接种7d时菌丝体已到达植株茎杆各个部位.     

丽格海棠细菌性叶斑病病原菌鉴定

2011年在云南石林丽格海棠上发现一种由细菌侵染引起的新病害,称为丽格海棠细菌性叶斑病.该病主要危害叶片,症状为叶片边缘形成倒V字型坏死和起皱.从病叶上分离到14株细菌菌株,菌株接种于不同丽格海棠品种上,发病症状与田间自然症状一致,采用柯赫氏法则重新分离得到此病的病原细菌.经培养性状、菌落形态观察、生理生化特性分析(Biolog系统)和16S rDNA序列分析以及病原菌的寄主范围测定,确定该病原菌为野油菜黄单胞菌秋海棠致病变种Xanthomonas campestris pv.begoniae.这是中国关于Xcb侵染丽格海棠的首次报道.     

生防菌链霉菌对西瓜枯萎病防治及幼苗生长的影响

西瓜枯萎病作为一种土传真菌病害,严重危害西瓜生产,利用生物防治技术提高抗病性对西瓜安全生产具有重要意义。利用利迪链霉菌(Streptomyces lydicus)A02作为生防菌处理接种西瓜枯萎病菌生理小种1(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.niveurn race1, FON1)的西瓜幼苗,探究生防菌对西瓜枯萎病的防控作用。结果表明:链霉菌A02对西瓜枯萎病防治效果可达68.23%。枯萎病菌FON1侵染条件下,接种链霉菌A02可增加西瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、鲜重和干重;显著提高西瓜幼苗叶片净光合速率、细胞间CO_2浓度、气孔导度、蒸腾速率及叶绿素含量;与单接种FON1相比,接种链霉菌A02可使水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)含量增加62.00%。综上,链霉菌A02可通过提高净光合速率和植物内源激素含量,提高西瓜对枯萎病的抗性。     

向日葵菌核病研究进展

对向日葵菌核病的症状、病原菌及侵染特性、抗病性及防治措施做了系统概述.     

西瓜花叶病毒2号对甜瓜氨基酸的影响

病毒侵染寄主后植物的氨基酸糖蛋白含量发生改变 ,导致病毒传播介体生物学特性的改变 ,大豆花叶病毒 (ＳＭＶ)侵染大豆后碳氮代谢发生变化 ,病毒明显地抑制寄主碳水化合物代谢 ,促进寄主氮化物的代谢 ,有利于病毒的复制和增殖。西瓜花叶病毒 2号 (ＷＭＶ 2 )为新疆甜瓜的优势种病毒 ,棉蚜是其有效传播介体。作者于 1 995～ 1 996年研究了西瓜花叶病毒 2号侵染寄主甜瓜后氨基酸含量的变化。将确定为ＷＭＶ 2的病毒从甜瓜上分离提纯后 ,接种在防虫温室盆栽培养的寄主植物甜瓜 86 0 1品种的 3、4片真叶上 ,病株和对照健康株各 3 0盆。接毒后 …     

西瓜幼苗枯萎病侵染的解剖学研究

本试验对西瓜抗、感枯萎病品种幼苗侵染的解剖学进行了研究。结果表明，西瓜幼苗根毛区是枯萎病菌最易侵染的部位。病菌由根表皮入侵后，菌丝向皮层、维管束横向扩展的同时，也沿着根的纵轴方向在各种组织中扩展，且纵向扩展比横向扩展更快。下胚轴菌丝侵染的途经是根的纵向传导和表皮入侵。下胚轴表面的凹陷较根、茎部多，内部结构也不相同。凹陷处表皮细胞体积大，排列疏松，细胞间有空隙，菌丝在此常大量聚积并入侵。西瓜抗、感病品种接种后，根表菌量和病菌侵染速度存在明显差异。抗病品种根表菌量少，病菌侵入慢。感病品种则相反。     

5406放线菌对西瓜的促生作用及对西瓜枯萎病的防控

为研究5406放线菌菌剂对西瓜幼苗以及对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果,采用平板对峙试验测定抑菌活性,通过盆栽和大田试验做进一步的研究.结果 表明,5406放线菌菌剂对西瓜幼苗有明显促生作用,株高、茎粗、鲜重与干重含量较对照显著增加;与接种西瓜枯萎病病原菌(F1)相比显著降低发病率,且孢子量为5×108 cfu/g的0.5 g 5406放线菌菌剂处理效果最好,防治效果可达60.44％,其基施和灌根处理组田间防效可达62.12％,且5406放线菌和粉红螺旋聚孢霉(GR02)复配菌剂防治效果可达68.24％.综上,5406放线菌对西瓜幼苗有明显的促生作用,并可有效抑制西瓜枯萎病.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with