铝合金半固态触变充型过程的计算机模拟

分析半固态AlSi7Mg合金触变充型过程中各个阶段浆料的压力和速度变化特征,建立耦合半固态表观粘度的三维流场数学模型,在考虑半固态边界条件和气体阻力方程基础之上,采用SOLAVOF法对铝合金件的触变充型过程进行模拟计算.结果表明, 入流速度大小对半固态浆料充填流态有显著影响.小的入流速度浆料充填流态倾向于采用平稳充型,同时气孔等缺陷产生倾向也小.与刹车泵体轴向注入工艺相比,在一定入流速度下,采用径向注入工艺成形阻力较小,充型中不会出现充不满的铸造缺陷.上述模拟结果与实际相吻合.     

半固态触变压射成形过程模拟及验证

根据触变铸造半固态合金的流变特性,将半固态触变成形过程的流动简化为均相等温层流流动,并对其进行了数值模拟和实验验证,数值模拟结果与实验充型结果基本相符。     

AZ91D半固态坯料的等温压缩变形研究

采用自行设计的波浪型倾斜板装置制备了AZ91D半固态坯料.利用Gleeblel500热模拟实验机和光学显微镜对AZ91D半固态坯料等温压缩变形力学行为和组织演变进行了研究.结果表明:在变形温度相同的情况下,随应变速率的增加,真应力增大;随变形速率的降低,真应力减小;在应变速率相同的情况下,随变形温度的增加,真应力减小....     

波浪形振动倾斜板半连续铸造半固态AZ91D镁合金

将自制的波浪形倾斜板振动装置与半连续铸造机结合,制备了AZ91D镁合金铸锭.分析了不同工艺条件对合金组织的影响.结果表明,在一定范围内,随着倾斜板长度增加,合金受到冷却剪切作用的时间增长,组织得到细化;振动作用可以提高形核率,细化合金组织;较低的铸造速度使合金在结晶器内的二次结晶率提高,使组织细化.当浇注温度为680℃,倾斜板长度为400 mm,铸造速度为100 mm/min时,制备了组织优良的AZ91D镁合金半固态铸锭,经二次加热后获得了优良的半固态组织.     

半固态搅拌摩擦焊温度场分析及组织验证

为避免由材料流动不足而导致的焊接缺陷以及降低焊接过程中的作用力,提出了半固态搅拌摩擦焊. 本文以2024-T3铝合金为研究对象,进行了焊接过程中温度及显微组织分析. 温度的模拟及测量结果表明:当搅拌头的旋转速度为1600r·min-1、焊接速度为150mm/min时,稳态时焊核区的温度峰值达到了518℃,超过了焊材的固相线. 空冷条件下常规搅拌摩擦焊与水冷条件下的半固态搅拌摩擦焊焊核区的显微组织对比结果表明,利用搅拌头摩擦产热的方法可使搅拌区呈现液态金属母液中均匀悬浮着近似球形晶粒的半固态组织.      

铸造工艺参数对半连续铸造A390合金管坯宏微观组织的影响

采用半连续铸造方法制备了A390合金管坯.研究了铸造速度和铸造温度对A390合金管坯宏微观组织的影响.结果表明:随着铸造速度由90 mm/min提升至120 mm/min、铸造温度由800℃增加至850℃,管坯中初生Si宏观分布趋于均匀,初生Si颗粒的平均尺寸逐渐减小.截面尺寸为164 mm/60 mm的半连续铸造A390合金管坯的最佳铸造工艺参数为:铸造速度110 mm/min、铸造温度850℃,可以获得初生Si宏观分布均匀、初生Si颗粒平均尺寸不超过26μm的管坯,管坯内侧的抗拉强度为264 MPa,延伸率为0.5%.     

钢坯高压水除鳞后的表面氧化铁皮形貌及内部组织演变

在不同温度和时间条件下对钢坯进行加热,出炉后利用高压水去除钢坯表面氧化铁皮,然后利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察钢坯表面形貌及内部组织,利用XRD分析除鳞后钢坯表面氧化物相组成。结果表明,除鳞后的钢坯表面残留一层氧化铁皮,该层氧化物相组成取决于加热温度和保温时间。低温短时加热时,残留氧化铁皮相组成中含有单质Fe;提高加热温度和延长保温时间使钢基体表面被完全氧化成Fe3O4和Fe2O3。钢坯在炉中长时间高温加热使残留氧化铁皮晶粒粗大,钢坯基体内部出现过热、晶界氧化以及脱碳等问题,加热温度越高、加热时间越长,氧化烧损越严重。     

Investigation on inductive heating of A356 alloy for thixo-forming

To meet the demands of continuous stream-line for component production in the thixo-forming industry, billet heating should be of high quality and in a controllable way. A 4-step inductive heating strategy for aluminum alloy A356 was performed. Thixotropic testing and microstructure analysis showed that a homogenous temperature distribution was achieved after temperature-power-time optimization. Theoretical analysis was given concerning the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of A356 between conventional and semisolid casting microstructures. The experimental results show that the optimized 4-step strategy could be the best strategy for billet heating during the thixo-forming of aluminum alloy A356.     

合金凝固过程中晶粒尺寸和形貌演变的预测

利用合金凝固热力学原理,考虑形核和长大因素,建立了预测晶粒尺寸的理论模型,利用该模型对近液相线半连续铸造6061铝合金的晶粒大小进行了计算,所得结果与实验吻合.在所计算的几个条件中,最大误差小于7μm.通过对凝固过程中液固界面法向生长的扰动分析,得出球形晶粒周边主导波长及对应于一定波数的临界晶粒直径表达式.利用此关系可以很好地解释球晶生长及其向一定形貌的枝晶转变的条件及机理;对于分析凝固组织中不同形貌晶粒的形成及演化具有参考价值;对于半固态合金组织性能预测及其制备工艺优化具有实际意义.     

倾斜式冷却剪切制备半固态Al-Mg合金

利用自制的实验装置对倾斜式冷却剪切技术制备半固态Al Mg合金进行了研究·液体合金在倾斜的冷却板表面非均匀形核并受到重力的剪切作用,合金逐渐从粗大等轴晶网络演化为细小的球形晶·控制浇注温度在660～690℃范围内可以获得良好组织的半固态坯料,很好地改善了常规铸造高Mg合金中出现的羽毛晶·冷却板表面性质对合金组织具有重要影响,表面干净并具有一定粗糙度的冷却板制备出的合金组织优良·     

Numerical simulation on the rheo-diecasting of the semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy

The effect of injection pressure, piston velocity, and the forming temperature of semisolid slurry on the filling behavior of the semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy was investigated by simulation methods. The simulation results show that these processing parameters have an important effect on the filling behavior of the semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy. The slurry flows steadily in the cavity when the injection pressure, the piston velocity, and the forming temperature are low, but it is prone to turbulent flow when the injection pressure, the piston velocity, and the forming temperature are much higher. Therefore it is necessary to determine the appropriate processing parameters to get a steady flow of the slurry in the cavity.     

Semisolid A356 alloy feedstock poured through a serpentine channel

Fine spheroidal and equiaxed nondendritic microstructures required for semisolid casting can be formed through a serpentine pouting channel. Effects of the pouring temperature and the vertical section length of the serpentine pouring channel were studied. The results indicate that both favorable semisolid microstructures of A356 aluminum alloy can be generated by a serpentine pouring channel, and the solid shell inside the channel can be avoided when the pouting temperature is in the range from 660 to 680℃. It is also shown that the vertical section length of the serpentine pouting channel has a significant influence on the microstructure of the feedstock, namely both the microstructure of the feedstock and the microstructure uniformity in the radial direction get worse when the vertical section length is shortened; moreover, the pouring temperature for obtaining the feedstock with suitable microstructure decreases. The relevant mechanisms were discussed.     

Microstructural evolution during reheating of A356 machining chips at semisolid state

The microstructural evolution of A356 machining chips in the semisolid state was studied at different temperatures and holding times. The results showed that the elongated α-Al grains first recrystallized in the semisolid state and then became globular with a high shape factor (SF). Both the temperature and the holding time clearly affected the grain size and SF. When the heating temperature or holding time was increased, the grain size and SF gradually increased and finally became stable. Moreover, the Vickers hardness of primary α-Al grains gradually decreased with increasing heating temperature. The optimal slurry for semisolid processing, with a good combination of grain size and SF, was obtained when the chips were held at 600℃ for 15 min. The semisolid slurry of A356 chips exhibited a lower coarsening rate of α-Al grains than those produced by most of the conventional semisolid processes. The coarsening coefficient was determined to be 436 μm3·s-1 on the basis of the linear Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner (LSW) relationship.     

金属材料触变充填及其压力变化特征的模拟

分析了触变合金充填过程的压力变化特征,建立了耦合表观粘度的计算数学模型.对触变铝合金和钢件充型过程及压力变化进行模拟.结果表明,触变合金充型过程具有持续增加的压力变化特征,增加压力主要克服浆料流动阻力与重力,增加幅度约为0.12MPa.在成形充填速度范围内,触变合金呈现稳定的层流充填特征.相比触变铝合金,钢温度高容易引起触变成形过程的降温,表观粘度增大而导致铸件缺陷.半固态刹车泵体两种入流形式的充填压力模拟分析与实际成形结果表明,径向入流方式具有较高的成形质量.     

37Mn5连铸圆坯凝固过程数学模拟

为控制油井管用连铸圆坯质量,基于薄片移动法建立了连铸圆坯凝固传热数学模型,并应用ProCAST软件对37Mn5钢Φ150mm连铸圆坯凝固过程进行了数学模拟,铸坯表面温度模型预测结果与工业试验测温结果相一致.模拟结果表明,在过热度为(20±5)℃,拉速为2.5m.min-1条件下,可以控制结晶器出口坯壳厚度、铸坯液芯长度和铸坯表面温度在合适的范围内,有利于防止铸坯表面裂纹和内部裂纹等缺陷的产生和保证浇铸安全,并实现较高的生产率.     

6061合金电磁半连续铸锭与二次加热组织研究

用电磁半连续铸造技术制备6061合金半固态坯料,并在不同的保温温度和保温时间下进行二次加热实验,观察铸锭及二次加热坯料的微观组织,研究保温温度和保温时间对二次加热淬火组织的影响.结果表明:6061合金可以通过电磁半连续铸造获得具有细小、均匀、非枝晶组织的铸锭;二次加热过程中,随着保温温度的升高,组织转变速度加快;保温温度过高,淬火组织粗大,对成形件性能不利;随着保温时间的增加,初生α-Al不断球化,淬火组织也越圆整,但晶粒长大明显;在610~630℃下保温10~15 min,所得淬火组织均匀,晶粒细小,是理想的成形组织.     

流变压铸工艺参数对半固态A356铝合金充填性的影响

研究了半固态A356铝合金浆料的成形温度、压射比压和压射冲头速度对半固态A356铝合金流变压铸充填性的影响.实验结果表明:较高的半固态A356铝合金浆料的成形温度有利于获得良好的充填性.压射比压和压射冲头速度对半固态A356铝合金浆料充填性也具有较大的影响.在本实验条件下,压射冲头速度越大或压射比压越大,充填性越好.试片的壁厚对半固态A356铝合金浆料的充填性影响较大,试片壁厚越大,越容易充填.此外,采用低过热度浇注和弱电磁搅拌技术制备的A356铝合金浆料和流变压铸试片的组织分布很均匀,有利于获得优质的半固态压铸件.     

合金钢连铸坯动态凝固过程数值模拟

针对合金钢连铸坯凝固过程中存在的疏松、偏析、裂纹等问题,以现场实际连铸机为研究对象,依据200mm×200mm合金钢的连铸工艺,建立了铸坯凝固传热数学模型,确定了边界条件,初始条件,不同冷却段的表面热流,以及所研究钢种的物性参数·特别是通过把坐标系建在连铸坯之上,解决了计算整个铸坯纵断面上在不同过热度、不同拉速、不同时间、不同位置上动态凝固过程的温度场问题·模拟计算结果与实际铸机上的测试结果吻合较好,从而为调整连铸工艺参数,确定连铸坯末端电磁搅拌器安装位置及电磁参数,提高连铸坯质量找到依据·     

Investigation of rheo-diecasting mold filling of semi-solid A380 aluminum alloy slurry

The rheo-diecasting mold filling capacity and the microstructure of the semi-solid A380 aluminum alloy slurry were investigated. The results show that the mold filling capacity was strengthened with increasing pouring temperature or increasing injection pressure. Under certain process parameters, the mold cavity was fully filled. However, the mold filling capacity decreased with increasing holding time. The mold filling capacity was improved with increasing shape factor of primary α(Al) grains; however, the solid fraction and the grain size significantly increased at the same time. In addition, the microstructures along the route of the spiral samples obviously differed. The grain size decreased gradually from the near-end to the far-end, whereas the shape factor increased gradually.     

Semisolid die forging process,microstructures and properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy mobile telephone shells

A semisolid slurry of AZ31 magnesium alloy was prepared by vibrating wavelike sloping plate process,and the semisolid die forging process,microstructures,and properties of the magnesium alloy mobile telephone shell were investigated.The semisolid forging process was performed on a YA32-315 four-column universal hydraulic press.The microstructures were observed by optical microscopy,the hardness was analyzed with a model 450SVD Vickers hardometer,the mechanical properties was measured with a CMT5105 tensile test machine,and the fractograph of elongated specimens was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results reveal that with the increase of die forging force,the microstructures of the product become fine and dense.A lower preheating temperature and a longer dwell time are favorable to the formation of fine and dense microstructures.The optimum process conditions of preparing mobile telephone shells with excellent surface quality and microstructures are a die forging force of 2000 kN,a die preheating temperature of 250℃,and a dwell time of 240 s.After solution treatment at 430℃ and aging at 220℃ for 8 h,the Vickers hardness is 61.7 and the ultimate tensile strength of the product is 193MPa.Tensile fractographs show the mixing mechanisms of quasi-cleavage fracture and ductile fracture.