浙江省珊溪水库库区森林植被类型的研究

珊溪库区森林植被类型主要有：中亚热带常绿阔叶林、中亚热带常绿-落叶阔叶混交林、中亚热带落叶阉叶林、中亚热带针叶林、中亚热带针阔混交林、竹林、灌丛和灌草丛。其中,中亚热带常绿阔叶林为地带性森林植被类型。     

淮河下游地区植被资源多样性及其保护对策

淮河下游地区人类活动历史悠久,生物多样性受到严重威胁．本文论述了该地区常绿针叶林、落叶阔叶林、落叶常绿阔叶混交林、竹林、灌丛、灌草丛、草丛、沼泽植被、水生植被等植被资源类型的特征,分析了该地区自然保护区建设及植被资源经营管理中存在的问题,提出了应采取的植被资源多样性保护对策．     

河南省西峡老界岭自然保护区植被调查研究

1.西峡老界岭自然保护区位于亚热带向温暖带的过渡地区。该区已划成六个植被型。Ⅰ阔叶林、Ⅱ针叶林、Ⅲ针、阔叶混交林、Ⅳ竹林、Ⅴ灌丛和灌草丛、Ⅵ沼泽;十个植被亚型;二十八个群系和三十个群丛,地带性植被为含有常绿阔叶成份的落叶阔叶林。优势群落为锐齿槲栎林和栓皮栎林。 2.植被垂直带谱有五条: (1)低山丘岭灌丛、草甸和农作物带,<500m。 (2)含常绿阔叶成份的低山针、阔叶混交林带,400～900m。 (3)含常绿阔叶成份的中低山落叶阔叶林带,800～1.400m。 (4)中山落叶阔叶林带,1,300～1,800m。 (5)中高山针、阔叶混交林和山顶灌丛林,>1.750m。 3.该区植被强烈地受过人为活动的干扰,导致了植被的逆演替,也招致了生境条件的惭趋恶化,所以,植被合理利用的途径应根据森林的现状、演替、不同的生境条件、和各种树的生物学和生态学特性。     

黄岩长潭水库流域主要植被类型及恢复对策

研究了黄岩长潭水库流域主要植被类型的结构、组成和分布.结果表明:该区域森林植被类型主要有针叶林、针阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、毛竹林、灌草丛和经济林,均为人工植被和次生植被,以暖性针叶林和针阔叶混交林为主体.植被种类组成和空间结构简单,枯枝落叶层较薄,对水土保持的作用较小.常绿阔叶林是长潭水库流域植被恢复的目标.建议用生态恢复的办法,用林分改造进行植被的恢复,引种地带性植被中的优势种、关键种,提高演替速率.     

卧龙国家级自然保护区雪景

正卧龙国家级自然保护区内的植被类型随着海拔的提升和气候的变化而垂直分布,依次出现常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、落叶阔叶林、温性针叶林、温性针阔混交林、寒温性针叶林等。如此丰富的植被类型,为各种野生动物提供了得天独厚的生存条件,使其种类、群落数量都相当的丰富。10月中旬,这里的第一场冬雪如约而至。白雪会覆盖到海拔3 000米左右的山腰,茫茫云海笼罩整个山谷。银     

基于3S技术的宁波市东部区域常绿阔叶林动态初步研究

利用3S技术,对宁波1974～2009年间6个时相的Landsat卫星遥感数据进行土地利用和植被类型分类,提取相邻年份不同植被类型与常绿阔叶林转化的区域,并计算每种类型对常绿阔叶林的转化率.研究结果表明,自然演替规律和经济利益驱动是促成常绿阔叶林37年间动态变化的主要原因;在不受人为影响的条件下,它最易与常绿一落叶阔叶混交林和针叶阔叶混交林相互转化.在此基础上,测算每个时期转入为常绿阔叶林的植被类型与同时期保持为常绿阔叶林类型的距离,并计算5个时期的总平均值.将其按植被类型排序为:针叶阔叶混交林＞常绿落叶阔叶混交林＞毛竹林＞针叶林＞园地＞灌丛＞农田.分析结果显示,种源传播和用地历史是影响退化常绿阔叶林群落次生演替方向的关键因素.     

白水江保护区植物物种多样性垂直带优先保护评价

以构建的次级自然单元植物优先保护评价指标体系及层次分析法运算的结果为依据,对白水江自然保护区植被垂直分布带进行了优先保护评价,评价结果表明植物优先保护的顺序依次为常绿落叶阔叶混交林带、落叶阔叶林带、常绿阔叶林带、针阔混交林带、亚高山针叶林带、高山灌丛草甸带,评价指标的综合值依次为78.60,57.32,57.20,38.18,14.08,3.27.常绿落叶阔叶混交林带拥有亚热带和温带的多种植物种类,同时也是国家重点保护、珍稀濒危、特有、单(寡)型类型集中分布的区域,是保护区植物保护的最优先植被带.评价指标的综合值随海拔梯度由常绿阔叶林带的57.20增至常绿落叶阔叶混交林带的78.60后持续减小,体现了物种多样性随海拔升高的单峰分布格局.这种分布格局主要是由不同海拔梯度所产生的水热状况的差异形成的,同时也与低海拔地区强烈的人为干扰和高海拔山地的面积较小等因素有关.     

大别山植物区系的特点和森林植被的研究

大别山植物种类丰富，古老，孑遗植物较多，植物区系地理成分复杂、联系广泛、特有现象明显。森林植被的主要类型有：常绿阔叶林，常绿落叶混交林，落叶阔叶林，山地矮林和针叶林。本文对大别山森林植被现状进行了生态评价，并对其合理开发利用提出了一系列建议。     

福建万木林自然保护区植被研究

福建万木林是我国中亚热带一处以常绿阔叶林为保护主体的自然保护区,植物种类丰富,计有维管束植物160科580属1199种．区系成分中以泛热带分布、北温带分布、热带亚洲分布和东亚分布为主,分别占424个野生种子植物属的29．0％,15．1％,13．0％和11．3％．植被类型多样,包括了常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、暖性针叶林和暖性灌草丛等4种类型．万木林另有10种国家重点保护的珍稀濒危植物亟需加以妥善保护．     

湖南南部石灰岩山地藤本植物研究

采用样地调查的研究方法,对湖南南部道县和嘉禾县的石灰岩山地的藤本植物多样性进行了初步研究.其结果是:1)石灰岩山地藤本植物的株数以卷曲类和具刺的搭靠类为主,具刺搭靠类的种类仅次于缠绕类而明显多于卷曲类,这与非石灰岩山地明显不同;2)群落从灌丛、落叶阔叶林、常绿与落叶阔叶林至常绿阔叶林的从低到高的演替系列中,藤本植物物种的丰富度、多度、S impson指数和Shannon-W iener指数都由大变少,只有P ielou均匀度指数是落叶阔叶林最高;3)乔木被藤本植物感染的种数和株数,以落叶阔叶林最高,其次是常绿阔叶林,再次是常绿与落叶阔叶混交林.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the