湖南侗族、汉族ABO血型的调查与分析

对湖南通道侗族337人的ABO血型进行了调查，作为对比，同时调查了湖南怀化汉族586人的ABO血型。计算了湖南侗族、汉族和贵州仡佬族、水族、布依族、广西壮族，湘西苗族、土家族等8个民族群体的遗传距离并绘制民族聚类图。     

上海原住民的Y染色体遗传分析

Y染色体是继线粒体之后的研究人类进化的又一热点,通过对其上的多态性位点研究也证实了非洲起源说.Y染色体上的各单核苷酸多态(SNP)位点组合成的单倍型与民族系统的时间发生尺度比较一致,所以是鉴别民族迄今最恰当的遗传材料.M119C这一SNP突变是百越民族的特色,M119C-M110C和M95T-M88G更是百越的特有种.良渚文化的族属是考古学界的一个争议焦点,有百越和三苗两种说法.良渚文化与马桥文化之间差异极大,其居民遗传上是否继承也是有问题的.本项研究通过对马桥地区良渚时期、马桥时期、战国、明代及现代居民Y染色体若干SNP位点的检测,重点考察了M119位点,发现马桥地区各时期的居民都有较高的M119C和M95T类型,具有典型的百越特征,而没有苗瑶的特征.这说明自古以来马桥地区居民都是越人,并且一脉传承至今.现代上海的原住民"宕傣"人与台湾原住民的遗传结构最接近,其次接近西南部的侗傣民族.主成分分析及主成分与Y染色体单倍型的相关分析发现,单倍型H9和H11区分了东越与西越,H7区分了苗瑶,H8区分出了氐羌,H11与H5区分了濮越系统与非濮越系统.各单倍型能对各民族系统较清晰地区分和代表,是族属分析的良好材料,值得深入研究.     

新晃汉语中的侗语成分

湖南新晃汉语属西南官话，据初步分析，其中存在侗语成分，主要表现在词汇和语法两个方面。在汉语和侗语的接触过程中，侗语的社会功能逐步减弱，大部分侗族已经转用汉语，但是当地汉语还是从侗语中吸收了一些成分来丰富自己。这种语言现象不仅可以帮助探索汉语和少数民族语的关系，还有利于思考少数民族和当地汉族之间的关系。     

广西瑶族三个群体线粒体遗传多态分析

瑶族是苗瑶系统中的一个民族,拥有数量众多的支系,广泛分布于中国西南地区．对广西瑶族的三个支系(蓝靛瑶、平地瑶、盘瑶)共100个个体样本的mtDNA高变Ⅰ区序列以及13个RFLP位点进行了基因分型,并与全国各地其他少数民族、汉族群体的数据进行比较分析．得出结论：瑶族在线粒体遗传结构上属于南方聚类,并且接近地理位置邻近的周边民族群体．     

湖南苗族、侗族不对称行为特征分析

对湖南苗族、侗族共648（苗321，侗327）例正常人的8种不对称行为特征进行了调查分析，结果表明：（1）多数不对称行为特征的右型出现率过半；（2）叠腿和利足存在显著的民族差异（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；背握手和利眼（苗族）的出现率在同民族男女间差异显著（P〈0．05）；（3）利手、叠腿和利足三者彼此间存在明显的相关性，相关特征的4种组合中以右-右型居多．     

贵州肇兴侗布制作工艺及民族植物学研究

侗族人民千百年来,一直从事侗布的制作.我们对贵州肇兴的侗布制作进行了民族植物学研究,发现侗布的制作工艺繁杂,不同的人所用的植物有所差异,侗布制作共涉及植物17种,分属13科17属.有些侗布用植物属首次报道.     

贵州苗族布依族汉族PTC尝味能力的调查

用阈值法对贵州长顺县的苗族、布依族、汉族的苯硫脲（ＰＴＣ）尝味能力进行了调查，共检测了２０４７人。结果表明：不同民族ＰＴＣ尝味阈值的差异高度显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），不同民族间的味盲率亦有显著性的差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。三个民族总计中，男女尝味阈值的差异高度显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），味盲率呈显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；苗族、布依族和汉族中，男女尝味阈值均有高度显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），苗族、布依族的男女性别的味盲率间均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），汉族的男女味盲率间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）．三个民族中，味盲基因（ｔ）频率以汉族为最高（ｔ＝０．２２４２）。     

中国人十四个群体中Gm和Km因子的分布

本文研究了中国昆明汉族、贵州汉族、广西侗族、大连汉族、山东汉族、沈阳朝鲜族、宁夏回族的Gm和Km因子的表型频率及四川、广西、武汉、上海、长春汉族和广西壮族、新疆维吾尔族共十四个群体的Gm单倍型频率、Km基因频率,并用Gm单倍型频率计算了中国14个群体与其他人种国家的3个群体间的遗传距离和这些群体的系统树。结果表明Gm分布不均一,提示早先大陆上存在的两个群体曾发生过迁移和混杂,在新疆维吾尔族和宁夏回族中均发现白种人和黄种人血缘融合的现象。群体中Km频率呈随机分布。     

贵州苗族、水族5项群体遗传学特征的研究

对贵州苗族、水族人群共913人（苗族448人,水族465人）的叠舌、卷舌、前额发际、耳耵聍和足趾长5项群体遗传学特征进行了调查．结果显示：两民族叠舌、卷舌、前额发际和耵聍4项群体遗传学特征存在显著性差异（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,足趾长差异不明显（P〉0．05）;两民族性别间前额发际差异极显著（P〈0．01）,苗族男女间卷舌差异明显（P〈0．01）;5项群体遗传学特征间相关性不大;贵州苗族与水族遗传距离较远．     

贵州铜仁苗族和土家族与贵州汉族男性青年骨代谢生化标志物的比较分析

目的了解贵州少数民族与汉族青年骨代谢生化标志物的特点及差异性,为青年少年生长发育提供资料。方法本研究采取整群随机抽样的方法,抽取了年龄在18~20岁的来自铜仁的26名苗族、42土家族男性青年和60名汉族青年,检测了骨钙素(OC)、骨碱性磷酸酶(BAP)、血清钙磷水平及身高和体重,并问卷调查他们的饮食营养及运动状况。结果苗族及土家族男性青年OC、BAP、血清钙磷及身高体重均低于汉族。苗族与汉族在身高和体重具有显著差异(P<0.01),在OC、BAP上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),土家族与汉族相比除身高体重外均无统计学意义,而苗族各项指标均低于与土家族;问卷调查显示苗族、土家族营养条件比汉族差。研究中OC与BAP及身高与体重呈显著正相关,但身高与OC、BAP及体重与血钙间呈弱的负相关。结论铜仁苗族、土家族与汉族在OC、BAP、血清钙及身高体重上有明显种族差异,苗族与汉族间差异比土家族与汉族间差异较大,各数据表明土家族更接近汉族。营养条件对生化标志物及身高体重有影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to