CTX对家兔肺损伤早期血气与酸碱平衡调节改变的研究

应用油酸、肾上腺素型肺损伤模型观察家兔早期血气变化,并与CTX组进行对照比较.结果表明:家兔注射CTX、油酸和肾上腺素后3h,呼吸呈进行性加快,PaO2和O2SAT下降,PaCO2、ctCO2、HCO3—降低.CTX引起血气中各项指标改变是肺急性损伤所致,与油酸、肾上腺素型肺损伤相似.     

山茛菪碱(654—2)对肾上腺素肺水肿治疗作用的观察

本实验观察654—2对家兔致死性肾上腺素肺水肿的治疗作用。实验结果表明,654-2治疗组动物的肺系数、肺含水量及肺湿/干比率(R(W/d)),支气管肺泡灌冼液(BALF)中红细胞总数、白细胞总数及蛋白含量均明显低于肺水肿组(P<0.01,除 R(W/d)P<0.05外),肺病变明显减轻。本实验模型属混合性肺水肿,说明654—2对降低肺毛细血管内压及降低肺毛细血管通透性均有良好的效果。     

人参皂苷C-K急性毒性及其致肺水肿作用的研究

采用灌胃和静脉注射2种给药途径,观察给药1次14 d内小鼠的急性毒性反应;应用人参皂苷C-K(100 mg/kg)复制小鼠肺水肿模型,观察肾上腺素受体阻断剂对其影响;应用肾上腺素复制小鼠肺水肿模型,观察肾上腺素受体阻断剂对其影响.结果表明人参皂苷C-K小鼠口服最大给药量为10.0g/kg,人参皂苷C-K小鼠一次性尾静脉注射,LD50及95 %置信区间为111.707 mg/kg(96.235～ 118.449 mg/kg),其动物死亡主要在5～30 min内,主要表现为急性肺水肿的病理改变.100 mg/kg剂量的人参皂苷C-K可复制典型的小鼠急性肺水肿模型,与肾上腺素所致小鼠肺水肿类似.α-肾上腺素受体阻断剂可减轻人参皂苷C-K致肺水肿,β-肾上腺素受体阻断剂则可加重人参皂苷C-K致肺水肿.     

用鲩鱼胆汁复制多器官功能衰竭动物模型

本实验观察新鲜鲩鱼胆汁灌胃对狗、大鼠、小鼠的肺、肝、肾功能及形志学改变的影响,新鲜鲩鱼胆汁可引起 PaO_2明显降低、PaCO_2、BUN 及 SGPT 明显升高,病理形态学检查,显示肺水肿、灶性肺炎、肝细胞及肾小管上皮细胞脂肪变性、浊肿、坏死.实验结果表明:新鲜鲩鱼胆汁可引起急性肺、肝、肾功能衰竭.与临床 MOF 表现相符,即复制出 MOF 动物模型.本实验模型在国内外为首次报道.     

作用于肾上腺素受体药物对不同动物血压的影响

目的:探讨作用于肾上腺素受体药物对家兔及大鼠血压的影响.找出最适合学生的实验方法.方法:利用直接测定血压方法观察肾上腺素(AD)、去甲肾上腺素(NA)、异丙肾上腺素(ISP)、酚妥拉明分别对大鼠及家兔血压有何影响.结果:AD对大鼠血压呈现双相效应,而对家兔仅有升压作用.NA对大鼠和家兔均可引起升压作用.ISP可引起大鼠血压降低,而对家兔血压几乎无影响.预先用酚妥拉明引起降压再用AD、NA、ISP后,对大鼠可见到AD的血压翻转效应,使NA的升压效应减弱或消失,而对ISP的血压几乎无影响;对家兔无AD的血压翻转效应,可使NA的升压效应减弱或消失,而对ISP的血压几乎无影响.结论:作用于肾上腺素受体药物对大鼠的血压影响与人最接近,建议使用大鼠做此实验.     

三种不同诱因制作急性肺损伤动物模型的比较

摘要: 目的 对由盐酸( HC1) 、油酸( OA) 和脂多糖( LPS) 3 种诱因所致急性肺损伤( ALI) 动物模型进行比较。方法 将 24 只健康雄性 SD 大鼠随机均分为 4 组: 生理盐水( NS) 组( 尾静脉注射) 、油酸组( 尾静脉注射) 、LPS 组( 尾 静脉注射) 和 HC1 组( 气管内滴入) 。制模后观察 4 h,抽取颈总动脉血进行血气分析。然后处死,解剖取肺组织 HE 染色,观察肺组织病理形态学改变,并进行病理损伤评分。结果 HC1 组、OA 组、LPS 组氧分压( PaO2 ) 均低于 NS 组( P ＜ 0． 01) ,其中 OA 组低于 HC1 组,HC1 组低于 LPS 组,( P ＜ 0． 01) ; 肺损伤程度油酸 ＞ 盐酸 ＞ 脂多糖。结 论 ALI 的发生发展与其致病因素密切相关; 3 种诱因所致急性肺损伤动物模型存在一定差异,急性肺损伤程度不 同,油酸 ＞ 盐酸 ＞ 脂多糖。     

地塞米松冲击治疗百草枯急性中毒的实验研究

目的：研究地塞米松对百草枯所致家兔急性肺损伤的保护作用,为临床防治急性肺损伤提供治疗依据。方法：将40只家兔随机分为3组。家兔按百草枯50mg／kg一次性腹腔注射染毒。百草枯中毒组：不予抢救。观察中毒后兔生存情况、死亡时间。地塞米松组：在染毒后,给予地塞米松5mg／kg注射。对照组,呋塞米5mg／kg注射。两组均每30分钟注射一次。持续监护呼吸变化及中毒表现。3小时为实验终点。采集死亡兔的肺作病理切片。取静脉血做心肌酶检测。结果：地塞米松冲击治疗百草枯急性中毒,生存期超过3小时。地塞米松可明显降低肺系数,纠正中毒心肌缺血。结论：地塞米松能在较短时间内降低百草枯急性中毒所致的家兔肺水肿症状,减轻肺损伤。对家兔中毒后有明显的心肌保护作用。     

灯盏花素对家兔左心缺血再灌注后肺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α表达的影响

目的:探讨灯盏花素对左心缺血再灌注后肺组织肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)表达的影响.方法:60只成年健康新西兰家兔随机分为模型组和治疗组.两组家兔均结扎及再通左冠状动脉前降支复制左心缺血-再灌注模型,治疗组在缺血后10min经静脉给予灯盏花素注射液10mg·kg-1.在缺血30min、再灌注20min、40min 3个时间点,取外周血和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),ELISA法检测TNF-α表达水平;取肺组织标本,免疫组织化学法检测肺组织中TNF-α的表达,HE染色和电镜检测肺组织形态学改变.结果:模型组可见I型和II型肺泡上皮变性,呈急性炎症损伤改变,治疗组损伤明显减轻.外周血、BALF和肺组织细胞中TNF-α表达均低于模型组(P<0.05).结论:灯盏花素可通过减少TNF-α的表达,减轻因左心缺血再灌注而导致的急性肺损伤.     

一种家兔股动脉血管内制作血栓模型的简便方法

制作血栓形成动物模型的方法很多,但大多数选择在动物体外进行,不同的方法制作出血栓的动物模型适用于不同内容的实验研究。这里介绍一种简便易行、成功率很高并且在动物体内制作血栓形成模型的方法。本方法主要适用于：（1）动态地观察血栓形成过程中血栓形态及血栓变化规律的研究。（2）评价药物溶栓作用的实验研究。（3）与形成和溶解血栓有关的其他实验研究。一、材料及制作方法1、选择体重为2．5～3kg重、健壮的青紫兰家兔。雌雄不限。2、用20％氨基甲酸乙酯全麻家兔（按5ml／kg剂量经耳静脉给药）。3、将全麻的家兔仰面固定在免板上…     

疏肝舒乳颗粒对实验性家兔的毒理试验研究

目的:观察疏肝舒乳颗粒(SGSR)在实验性家兔体内的急性毒理作用及其器官组织的形态学变化.方法:实验性家兔12只随机分为4组,即正常对照组及高、中、低剂量药物组,进行急性毒理实验.将150mL、100mL和50mL药物(相当于生药1500g、1000g和500g)一次性灌胃给药于高、中、低剂量组家兔,对照组给予等容量的生理盐水,观察各实验组及对照组各项毒理指标.结果:SGSR对实验家兔的日常活动、血液生化学以及各脏器的组织结构均无不良影响.结论:SGSR对实验家兔无明显急性毒性反应,可在临床推广应用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.