饱和粉土变形特性三轴试验

对取自南京市某拟建高速公路路基的粉土,在室内按不同的干密度和含水率进行了试样重塑。按不同干密度和不同初始制样含水率进行饱和三轴固结排水剪切试验,测得不同围压条件下的固结排水剪应力-应变曲线以及有效应力比曲线形态等工程特性。分析了粉土干密度、初始制样含水率和围压对饱和粉土强度的影响。试验结果表明:粉土的强度随干密度的增加而变大,随围压增大而增加;初始制样含水率对粉土的强度有不同程度的影响;粉土的应力应变表现为弱应变软化型。     

气候边缘地带膨胀土强度特性随冻融循环劣化规律

为了探究冻融循环对膨胀土静力特性的影响,以河南平顶山膨胀土为研究对象,开展不同初始含水率下膨胀土冻融循环试验,并对冻融循环后的膨胀土试样进行不固结不排水(UU)三轴剪切试验.研究结果表明:土体初始含水率变化对冻融循环后的膨胀土应力?应变关系、抗剪强度指标有显著影响;应力?应变关系随冻融次数的增加呈现出由强应变硬化型向弱...     

冻融循环下土石混合体强度劣化特性研究

针对冻融作用下不同含水率土石混合体的强度劣化问题,通过直剪试验及核磁共振(NMR)测试,探究了不同冻融循环次数和含水率下土石混合体剪切强度及孔隙结构的变化特征,并揭示了其强度劣化机制.研究结果表明:试样的剪切强度参数随冻融循环次数的增加均呈现先减小后增大再减小的规律.在第3次冻融循环后出现"反翘"现象.根据孔隙率及孔隙...     

基于柔性边界的非饱和土三轴试验及离散元分析

非饱和土三轴试验的离散元模拟,对于从细观角度揭示其力学特性至关重要,但目前研究多采用刚性边界条件.使用黏结球颗粒代替橡胶膜,实现围压柔性加载.在此基础上,提出非饱和土三轴数值试验模拟流程,并进行不同围压下的三轴数值试验.从宏观破坏形态和细观剪切带、配位数、接触力等方面研究不同围压下非饱和土的力学特征.结果表明：非饱和土力学特性受围压影响较大,峰值应力和弹性模量随围压增大而增大,围压越大,剪胀性越小;试样主要表现为鼓胀破坏,破坏后剪切带在形态上呈对称的“X”形,剪切带的形成开始于颗粒的转动,到达峰值应力时,内部转动颗粒发生贯通,剪切带基本成型,围压越大,剪切带上转动颗粒数目和转动角度越小;配位数先增加后减少,与体应变变化趋势一致,且随围压增大而增大;剪切使法向接触力概率密度函数峰值左移,并且使法向接触力不均匀性增大,围压越大,法向接触力分布越均匀.该研究成果可为从细观认识非饱和土的力学行为提供途径.     

冻融循环作用下黄土抗剪强度劣化试验研究

黄土地区冻融现象时常发生,这一气候现象对土体强度劣化显著,影响工程安全建设和正常使用。针对黄陵地区Q2黄土开展不同条件下的三轴剪切试验,探讨含水率、初始围压等因素对黄土抗剪强度的影响规律。结果表明:黄土土样处于相同的含水率和围压的条件下,冻融循环次数对土体内部应力值有较大的影响;土体的黏聚力随着冻融循环次数的增加不断减小,且变化幅度逐渐变小,而土体内摩擦角变化不大。获得冻融次数、含水量和黏聚力三者之间的曲线关系,得到三者之间的拟合公式。试样破坏特征显示:试验后土样的破坏形式主要为剪胀、劈裂和剪切三种类型,随冻融循环次数的增加,破坏形式从剪胀破坏过渡到劈裂破坏。     

冻融循环作用下吕梁地区马兰黄土性质研究

以山西省吕梁地区原状马兰黄土为研究对象,通过对该地区Q_3黄土开展不同初始含水量,不同冻融循环次数下的静三轴剪切试验和微观结构试验,探讨了冻融作用对黄土力学性质的影响。结果表明:随着冻融次数的增加,含水率会有不同程度的降低。冻融循环作用会使土体在剪切时更容易屈服,在围压和含水率一定时,土体的破坏应力随冻融循环的叠加呈整体下降趋势。含水率对偏应力增长的影响要大于冻融循环作用。黄土的强度参数随冻融循环作用表现为黏聚力随冻融循环次数呈指数函数型降低,内摩擦角几乎没变化。同时,随着冻融循环次数的增加,大颗粒破碎为小颗粒和碎屑集合体,孔隙比增大。这一研究成果可为吕梁地区由于冻融作用引起的滑坡发生机理研究提供参考。     

废旧回收沥青路面材料的强度特性

为了研究作为路堤填料的废旧回收沥青路面(RAP)材料的抗剪强度特性,通过击实试验确定其最优含水率及最大干密度,考虑不同季节施工环境温度及路堤填筑高度的影响,分别对不同温度下的击实试样进行不同围压下的三轴固结排水剪切试验,探讨围压和击实温度对RAP材料强度特性的影响.试验结果表明:破碎后的RAP材料级配良好,与砾类土相类似,属于较好的路堤填料;击实温度和围压对三轴固结排水剪切强度特性有显著的影响,相同围压下,随着击实温度的升高,击实后RAP材料的孔隙比降低,固结排水强度提高;相同击实温度下,围压越大,RAP的初始切线模量越大,抗剪强度越大; RAP黏聚力随击实温度的升高呈线性增加,内摩擦角受击实温度影响较小.     

不同湿度膨胀土抗剪强度随冻融循环的演化规律

探索气候交错边缘地区膨胀土工程特性随冻融循环劣化问题,对降低膨胀土边坡病害风险具有重要意义.以河南平顶山膨胀土为研究对象,开展了不同初始状态下膨胀土强度与变形特性随冻融循环发展规律的三轴试验.结果表明:随着初始含水率的增加,各围压条件下的应力-应变关系族呈现出由强硬化型向弱硬化型发展的趋势;具有相同初始含水率实验组的膨...     

非饱和粗、细颗粒混合土在动荷载作用下的细观力学响应

为了研究非饱和粗、细颗粒混合土在动荷载作用下的细观力学性质,进行了非饱和粗、细颗粒混合土动三轴的离散元数值分析。根据室内动三轴试验结果标定PFC2D接触模型参数,进行非饱和粗、细颗粒混合土动三轴离散元模拟,分析其细观力学机理。结果表明:离散元模拟结果与室内试验结果曲线拟合度基本一致,能较好地反映非饱和粗、细颗粒混合土在动荷载作用下力学特征。相同含水率条件下,粗、细颗粒混合土的累积动应变随动应力幅值的增加而增大;随围压的增加先小幅度增大后再大幅度减小。孔隙度随动应力幅值的增大而减小;随围压的增大也减小。试样颗粒在剪切过程中,上下端运动速度最大,整体呈现对称递减状,中部运动速度最小。     

冻融循环条件下粗粒料变形特性试验研究

为揭示粗粒料在冻融环境与复杂应力条件下的变形特性，采用大型三轴压缩试验与蠕变试验研究了粗粒料在不同冻融循环次数、围压与应力水平下的变形特性与蠕变特性。试验结果表明，未冻融粗粒料的应力-应变曲线为应变硬化型曲线，在试验围压100～600 kPa范围内粗粒料剪切过程中均表现为剪胀性；冻融循环后初始弹性模量与破坏应力均呈下降趋势，200 kPa围压时，初始弹性模量降低20%,破坏应力降低37%,600 kPa围压时，初始弹性模量降低5%,破坏应力降低25%;冻融循环后粗粒料轴向蠕变应变随时间的发展为衰减型蠕变规律，轴向蠕变应变随冻融循环次数和应力水平的增大而逐渐增大，8次冻融循环后轴向蠕变应变明显增大；应力水平影响下的粗粒料蠕变时间曲线可采用指数函数形式表达。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the