铋铜氧化物超导体的霍尔效应

测定了铋铜氧化物超导体的霍尔系数实验结果及其温度依赖性，对不同样品进行了Ｘ射线结构分析，给出了载流子浓度与相结构之间关系，发现，转变温度较低的（２２１２）相样品的载流浓度较高，平均每个Ｃｕ离子有０．２１个空穴。     

Bi_(1.6)Pb_(0.4)Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_y超导体的DSC研究

新型高T_c氧化物超导体Bi—Sr—Ca—Cu—O系,在100K以上呈现超导性,存在高T_c(～110K)相和低T_c(～80K)相,其零电阻转变温度(T_(c0))总是低于85K.适当掺Pb可以增强高T_c相,抑制低T_c相,降低烧结温度,提高零电阻转变温度.用固相反应法制得组分为Bi_(1.6)Pb_(0.4)Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_y的超导体,零电阻温度为107K,稳定性较好。现以此样品作示差扫描量热(DSC)分析,并配合XRD分析,试图了解该体系的结构相变及其与超导电性的关系.     

La掺杂双钙钛矿Ba2NiMoO6的磁性和铁电性能

通过固相烧结工艺制备Ba2-xLaxNiMoO6(x=0,0.1)陶瓷样品,采用多晶X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微技术对样品的物相成分、晶体结构及其表面形貌进行表征与分析.实验样品的X射线衍射谱与理论模拟多晶样品的X射线标准谱比较,显示样品相已经形成.X射线衍射分析结果表明,Ba2NiMoO6晶体原胞(a=b=c=0.8045 nm)属于立方晶系,空间群为Pm3m,布拉格衍射峰(1,1,1),(3,1,1)分别为样品中Ni离子和Mo离子有序占据B位超晶格有序峰,实验显示La掺杂对样品的晶胞参数影响很小.对样品铁电性能的测试表明,A位的替代增强了Ba2NiMoO6的偶极运动,使剩余极化得到提高.通过振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量样品磁化强度与磁场强度的关系,表明样品在室温下呈现顺磁行为.     

Y—Ba—Cu—O系超导体的潮解特性

本文研究了Y—Ba—Cu—O系超导体的潮解特性。在湿热的条件下,Y—Ba—Cu—O系超导体会与空气中的水蒸汽发生反应,逐渐失去原有的超导电性。由扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析表明,此种体系超导体在湖解前为两相(简单正交相和体心四方相)化合物,经潮解后生成BaCO_3、CuO和Y(OH)_3等物质。     

Y—Ba—Cu—O体系超导相结构的研究

Y-Ba-Cu-O超导相结构己用单晶四园X射线衍射方法测定。晶体属正交晶系。Pmmm空间群,晶格参数是a=3.855(2),b=3.857(2),c=11.653(3)。超导相的实验式为YBa_2Cu_2.84O_6.85.     

Er~(3+)-Yb~(3+)共掺铝酸钆荧光粉的制备及发光性能

采用溶胶凝胶法合成了单一晶相的铝酸钆(GdAlO3:Yb3+,Er3+)荧光粉体,通过X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)表征了其物相,研究了不同Yb3+离子掺杂浓度下样品在氙灯激发下的正常发光及其在980nmLD激光泵浦下的上转换发光性能。     

密度泛函理论的电负性均衡值与稀土氧化物超导性

提出确定稀土氧化物中元素电负性均衡值X_(cq)的计算公式,并用该式计算了200多种稀土氧化物超导体的电负性均衡值X_(cq),得出了稀土氧化物的超导性与稀土氧化物电负性均衡值之间的关系．结果表明,稀土氧化物超导体的电负性均衡值X_(cq)多数集中在1．654～2．650之间,而电负性均衡值在此范围之外的稀土氧化物一般不具有超导性．因此,电负性均衡值X_(cq)可作为稀土氧化物超导性的新的经验判据,这对进一步探讨稀土氧化物的超导机制有一定意义．     

白云石耐火材料物相分析—Ⅰ

本文报告用 DTA,TG 和 X 射线衍射法对二步法煅烧白云石耐火材料的物相分析,主要的相组成为:Mg(OH)_2,CaOO_3及 Ca_5Si_2O_7(CO_3)_2等。     

氧化物超导体超导电性及性质的一种解释

考虑到晶体结构与电子能带结构,在 Hubbard 单带模型中引入电子与激子的互作用项,对有些氧化物超导体的反铁磁绝缘体—金属(超导)转变现象(M—I 转变),氧化物超导体的高 Tc 原因及二维特性进行了解释.     

白云石耐火材料物相分析—Ⅰ

本文报告用 DTA,TG 和 X 射线衍射法对二步法煅烧白云石耐火材料的物相分析,主要的相组成为:Mg(OH)_2,CaOO_3及 Ca_5Si_2O_7(CO_3)_2等。     

Hidden magnetism and quantum criticality in the heavy fermion superconductor CeRhIn5

With only a few exceptions that are well understood, conventional superconductivity does not coexist with long-range magnetic order (for example, ref. 1). Unconventional superconductivity, on the other hand, develops near a phase boundary separating magnetically ordered and magnetically disordered phases. A maximum in the superconducting transition temperature T(c) develops where this boundary extrapolates to zero Kelvin, suggesting that fluctuations associated with this magnetic quantum-critical point are essential for unconventional superconductivity. Invariably, though, unconventional superconductivity masks the magnetic phase boundary when T < T(c), preventing proof of a magnetic quantum-critical point. Here we report specific-heat measurements of the pressure-tuned unconventional superconductor CeRhIn5 in which we find a line of quantum-phase transitions induced inside the superconducting state by an applied magnetic field. This quantum-critical line separates a phase of coexisting antiferromagnetism and superconductivity from a purely unconventional superconducting phase, and terminates at a quantum tetracritical point where the magnetic field completely suppresses superconductivity. The T --> 0 K magnetic field-pressure phase diagram of CeRhIn5 is well described with a theoretical model developed to explain field-induced magnetism in the high-T(c) copper oxides, but in which a clear delineation of quantum-phase boundaries has not been possible. These experiments establish a common relationship among hidden magnetism, quantum criticality and unconventional superconductivity in copper oxides and heavy-electron systems such as CeRhIn5.     

Re-emerging superconductivity at 48 kelvin in iron chalcogenides

Pressure has an essential role in the production and control of superconductivity in iron-based superconductors. Substitution of a large cation by a smaller rare-earth ion to simulate the pressure effect has raised the superconducting transition temperature T(c) to a record high of 55?K in these materials. In the same way as T(c) exhibits a bell-shaped curve of dependence on chemical doping, pressure-tuned T(c) typically drops monotonically after passing the optimal pressure. Here we report that in the superconducting iron chalcogenides, a second superconducting phase suddenly re-emerges above 11.5?GPa, after the T(c) drops from the first maximum of 32?K at 1?GPa. The T(c) of the re-emerging superconducting phase is considerably higher than the first maximum, reaching 48.0-48.7?K for Tl(0.6)Rb(0.4)Fe(1.67)Se(2), K(0.8)Fe(1.7)Se(2) and K(0.8)Fe(1.78)Se(2).     

钇钡铜氧系统单相高T_c超导体的研究

采用固相反应法制样,使用两组初始原料BaO—CUO—Y_2O_3和BaO—Cu_2O—Y_2O_3合成出超导中点转变温度93.6K,零电阻温度92·OK,转变宽度△T_c=1.2K,起始抗磁转变温度92.9K单相陶瓷超导体.讨论了不同烧结条件与物相形成关系等问题.     

Thermally fluctuating superconductors in two dimensions

In many two-dimensional superconducting systems, such as Josephson-junction arrays, granular superconducting films, and the high-temperature superconductors, it appears that the electrons bind into Cooper pairs below a pairing temperature (T(P)) that is well above the Kosterlitz-Thouless temperature (T(KT)) the temperature below which there is long-range superconducting order). The electron dynamics at temperatures between T(KT) and T(P) involve a complex interplay of thermal and quantum fluctuations, for which no quantitative theory exists. Here we report numerical results for this region, by exploiting its proximity to a T = 0 superconductor-insulator quantum phase transition. This quantum critical point need not be experimentally accessible for our results to apply. We characterize the static, thermodynamic properties by a single dimensionless parameter, gamma(T). Quantitative and universal results are obtained for the frequency dependence of the conductivity, which are dependent only upon gamma(T) and fundamental constants of nature.     

含互感耦合的超导磁通量子比特消相干的研究

在Born—Markov近似下，根据Bloch—Redfield方程，给出了一种计算超导量子比特能量弛豫时T1与消相干时间T2的方法。在此基础上，研究了一个含互感耦合的超导磁通量子比特的消相干现象，并给出了该超导量子比特能量弛豫时间Ｔ1与消相干时间Ｔ2。结果表明：对于研究的磁通量子比特，在其他条件不变时且环境热库等效为一个纯电阻时，则去相位时间Tφ，由高能级｜j〉向低能级｜i〉的能量弛豫时间T1和量子系统的消相干时间疋都与耗散成正比。     

Hg系新高Tc超导体研究

我们制备了新高Ｔｃ Ｈｇ－Ｂａ－Ｃａ－Ｃｕ超导氧化物系,并用Ｘ－ｒａｙ衍射、ＴＥＭ、磁化率及电阻等实验测量对它们进行了研究。由ＴＥＭ观察,证实了在ＨＢＣＣＯ系中存在Ｈｇ－１２０１相,Ｈｇ－１２１２相和Ｈｇ－１２２３相。用高－Ｑ振动子技术,对ＨｇＢａ２ＣｕＯ４＋ｙ样品作了与磁通点阵运动有关的力学测量,从而估计出该样品的不可逆线的形状。我们还对Ｈｇ－１２２３样品作了事后退火处理研究,在氧气中退火可使该     

在垂直和任意方向磁场中的六角形超导网络相边界

给出了在垂直外磁场和任意方向外磁场中的七节点六角形超导网络相边的精确解析表达式,由此表达式求出了两种情况下的六角形网络的相边界,得到了在任意方向外磁场中的网络相边界Ｔｃ（Ｈ）是以敏感和复杂的方式依赖于磁场大小和方向,并对相边界Ｔｃ（Ｈ）这些特性的某些应用给予了讨论。     

Superconductivity in compressed lithium at 20 K

Superconductivity at high temperatures is expected in elements with low atomic numbers, based in part on conventional BCS (Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer) theory. For example, it has been predicted that when hydrogen is compressed to its dense metallic phase (at pressures exceeding 400 GPa), it will become superconducting with a transition temperature above room temperature. Such pressures are difficult to produce in a laboratory setting, so the predictions are not easily confirmed. Under normal conditions lithium is the lightest metal of all the elements, and may become superconducting at lower pressures; a tentative observation of a superconducting transition in Li has been previously reported. Here we show that Li becomes superconducting at pressures greater than 30 GPa, with a pressure-dependent transition temperature (T(c)) of 20 K at 48 GPa. This is the highest observed T(c) of any element; it confirms the expectation that elements with low atomic numbers will have high transition temperatures, and suggests that metallic hydrogen will have a very high T(c). Our results confirm that the earlier tentative claim of superconductivity in Li was correct.     

Bi（Ph，M）SrCaCuO体系的掺杂效应

Ｂｉ（Ｐｈ，Ｍ）ＳｒＣａＣｕＯ体系的掺杂效应卢亚锋，辛绵荣，罗长勋（陕西师范大学物理学系，西安ｎ００６２；第一作者，男，３０岁，助教）元素掺杂是探索高温超导电性机理和材料物理研究的重要途径之一．我们在Ｐｂ部分替换Ｂｉ的基础上，分别用Ｓｂ，Ｓｎ，Ｉｎ作...     

钙钛矿La0.7Pb0.3MnO3的磁电阻效应及输运特性

采用固相反应烧结法成功制备了钙钛矿La0.7Pb0.3MnO3单相多晶样品,利用超导量子干涉仪和直流四探针法主要研究了La0.7Pb0.3MnO3块体的磁电阻效应及输运特性.结果表明,此样品在居里点附近由铁磁向顺磁过渡,且表现出典型的团簇玻璃特征.磁电阻的极大值出现在居里温度附近.当H=0.5T时,磁电阻的极大值为6.8%,当H=1T时,磁电阻的极大值为12.4%.输运结果表明,T1区金属导电是由于电子散射造成的,T2区半导体特性是由于小极化子跃迁引起的.