连续广义系统的未知输入观测器研究

研究了在未知输入下连续广义系统的降阶观测器的设计方法,并讨论了观测器在故障检测中的应用。首先给出了连续估计器的存在条件,通过给原系统加微分反馈实现正则化,又通过解耦变换使得只有一个状态向量含有未知输入,利用其余两个不受未知输入影响的状态向量设计出观测器。然后,假设未知输入为故障信号的情况下,利用观测器的方法研究了连续广义系统的故障检测问题。仿真结果显示了满意的估计性能。     

一类不确定时延网络控制系统的故障诊断

研究了具有不确定时延的网络控制系统的故障诊断问题。通过建模将一类具有不确定时延的网络控制系统等效为具有不确定性的离散线性系统,并构建了故障观测器对系统进行故障检测。基于线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的方法,将故障诊断问题转化为系统鲁棒性的设计问题,给出并证明了解存在的条件以及观测器增益矩阵的求解方法。最后通过仿真验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于异步切换的飞行器网络控制系统故障检测

针对网络化飞行器故障检测系统在多工作点间切换情况,考虑时延和丢包导致的滤波器切换时刻滞后于飞行器模型切换时刻问题,提出一种基于异步切换系统的故障检测算法。将网络环境下大包线内多工作点飞行器建模为异步切换系统,基于李亚普诺夫函数和平均驻留时间法,给出了具有异步切换形式的故障检测系统全局一致渐近稳定的充分条件,进一步利用线性矩阵不等式（linear matrix inequation, LMI）工具求取滤波器参数。数值仿真验证并分析了所提方法的有效性。     

基于未知输入观测器方法的非线性切换系统故障检测

基于非线性未知输入观测器方法对一类离散时间非线性切换系统的故障检测问题进行了研究。给出了两种不同结构的非线性未知输入观测器。针对每一种观测器都考虑了两种切换信号:任意时间切换信号和满足平均驻留时间的切换信号。在任意切换信号下,使用了切换Lyapunov函数的方法来设计非线性未知输入观测器的参数;在满足平均驻留时间切换信号下,使用了多Lyapunov函数方法进行观测器参数的设计。然后利用已知的非线性未知输入观测器,得到残差生成器,进而实现故障检测。通过数值仿真例子,验证了故障检测方法的有效性。     

时延网络控制系统的区域极点配置设计

针对存在时变有界时延的网络控制系统,在一定假设条件下,基于分离原理讨论了状态观测器和状态反馈控制器的设计方法。状态观测器通过在开环预测和闭环预测间切换以补偿时延的影响,同时考虑时延的时变性以及回路中长时延的存在,闭环预测也是在多个模型间切换,从而将状态观测器建模成具有多个子系统的离散切换系统。在此基础上,利用预测状态作为控制器的输入,设计了具有圆盘区域极点约束的状态反馈控制器。最后以线性矩阵不等式可行解的方式分别给出了控制器和观测器的构造方法,仿真结果说明了所提出方法的有效性。     

基于LMI的不确定系统鲁棒故障检测观测器设计

针对系统模型同时具有未知输入扰动和模型不确定性,提出了一种鲁棒故障检测观测器的设计方法。在不考虑系统模型误差的情况下,为降低设计的保守性,利用描述残差对故障灵敏度的H-指数和表示残差对未知输入鲁棒性的H∞范数以及一种新的迭代线性矩阵不等式(linear matrix inequality,LMI)算法解决H∞/H-的优化问题,设计了参考残差模型和自适应门限,并将观测器设计转化为LMI表述的标准H∞模型匹配问题,减小故障检测过程中误报、漏报率。仿真结果表明,设计的故障检测观测器对故障的灵敏度高,对不确定因素的鲁棒性强。     

部分转移概率未知的Markov跳变系统鲁棒故障检测

针对部分转移概率未知的Markov跳变系统,研究了其鲁棒故障检测问题,设计了该系统的线性全阶鲁棒故障检测观测器。将自由连接权矩阵引入鲁棒故障检测观测器系统进行证明推导,极大地降低了固定连接权矩阵带来的保守性。通过构造Lyapunov函数,推导得出一系列线性矩阵不等式以确保鲁棒故障检测观测器系统随机渐近稳定。在此基础上,证明并给出了观测器存在的充分条件。进一步,优化所设计的观测器。数值仿真表明,所设计的鲁棒故障检测观测器不仅对故障具有较高的灵敏度,而且能确保对未知干扰输入有较强的鲁棒性。     

线性时滞系统的鲁棒故障诊断

研究了一类含有未知输入干扰和模型不确定性的时滞系统故障诊断问题。通过变换,原系统被分成两个子系统,一个子系统不受故障的影响,可以设计鲁棒观测器;另一个子系统受到故障的影响,但是它的状态可以通过测量得到。设计的观测器利用解析冗余方法能够对执行器故障和传感器故障进行诊断。仿真结果表明,算法具有良好的诊断性能。     

基于Simulink的实时故障检测

提出一种基于观测器的在线动态系统故障检测快速生成方案,利用NetCon系统实现控制器与故障检测系统运行在同一个智能节点上,使得残差的生成与系统的性能联系起来,实现不仅能监控系统的运行情况,还能完成故障检测的功能,同时能够避免闭环控制对故障检测的影响。针对一个实际的伺服电机,是进行离线辨识获得电机的模型;设计一个输出估计器——动态观测器,生成残差信号;通过离线仿真和在线实验证实该方案的有效性,完成从理论到实验仿真,再到实际运用的系统开发过程。     

基于鲁棒故障诊断LPV模型的舰载QUAV跟踪控制

设计适用于外部干扰抑制的无人机鲁棒故障检测与跟踪控制系统。首先,将舰载四旋翼直升机(quad-roto unmanned aerial vehicle, QUAV)建模为线性变参数系统(linear variable parameter system, LPVs),作为目标来进行系统设计。同时,为了进行故障检测和隔离,设计了一个强大的LPVs观测器,利用一组可行线性矩阵不等式(linear matrix inequalities, LMI)给出保证系统渐近稳定和抗干扰鲁棒性的充分条件。此外,基于LMI区域的极点配置考虑观测器的增益设计。然后,通过观测器库考虑故障检测和隔离方案,检测和隔离传感器故障。其次,通过考虑比较器集成控制方案对反馈控制器进行设计。目标是设计鲁棒控制器,使QUAV无偏差跟踪设定位置。最后,通过在模拟模型中,对算法的有效性进行实验验证。     

Fault Detection for Complex Systems with Channel Fadings,Randomly Occurring Multiple Delays and Infinitely Distributed Delays

This paper is concerned with the fault detection(FD) problem for a class of discretetime stochastic systems with channel fadings, randomly occurring multiple communication delays,and infinitely distributed delays. All of the three phenomena have the characteristics of randomly occurring and three sequences of stochastic variables which are mutually independent but obey the Bernoulli distribution are employed to describe them. The aim of this paper is to design an FD filter such that the FD dynamics is exponentially stable in the mean square and, at the same time, the error between the residual signal and the fault signal is made as small as possible. Intensive analysis is utilized to derive the sufficient conditions for the designed FD filter, which guarantees the exponential stability and the prescribed H∞ performance. FD filter parameters are obtained by solving a convex optimization problem. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the FD design scheme.     

Consensus problem of second-order multi-agent systems with time-varying communication delay and switching topology

Leader-following stationary consensus problem is investigated for the second-order multi-agent systems with timevarying communication delay and switching topology.Based on Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and Lyapunov-Razumikhin functions respectively,consensus criterions in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMI) are obtained for the system with time-varying communication delays under static interconnection topology converging to the leader’s states.Moreover,the delay-dependent consensus criterion in the form of LMI is also obtained for the system with time-invariant communication delay and switching topologies by constructing Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional.Numerical simulations present the correctness of the results.     

Detection of Stealthy False Data Injection Attacks Against Cyber-Physical Systems: A Stochastic Coding Scheme

This paper, from the view of a defender, addresses the security problem of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) subject to stealthy false data injection (FDI) attacks that cannot be detected by a residual-based anomaly detector without other defensive measures. To detect such a class of FDI attacks, a stochastic coding scheme, which codes the sensor measurement with a Gaussian stochastic signal at the sensor side, is proposed to assist an anomaly detector to expose the FDI attack. In order to ensure the system performance in the normal operational context, a decoder is adopted to decode the coded sensor measurement when received at the controller side. With this detection scheme, the residual under the attack can be significantly different from that in the normal situation, and thus trigger an alarm. The design condition of the coding signal covariance is derived to meet the constraints of false alarm rate and attack detection rate. To minimize the trace of the coding signal covariance, the design problem of the coding signal is converted into a constraint non-convex optimization problem, and an estimation-optimization iteration algorithm is presented to obtain a numerical solution of the coding signal covariance. A numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

     

多变量网络控制系统建模与稳定性分析

研究了一类多变量网络控制系统的建模和稳定性问题,基于线性时不变对象,推导了该类网络控制系统的时滞连续时间数学模型,并利用李雅普诺夫第二法,分析了系统的渐近稳定性,得到了系统稳定运行的最大允许时延和全时滞稳定的条件。最后,通过实例仿真分析证实了本文所提理论的有效性,以及稳定判据的可行性。     

一类含有随机输入时延和故障的离散系统H∞控制

研究了一类具有控制输入时延的离散系统H_∞可靠性控制问题,提出了具有实际意义的服从某种概率分布的随机故障模型。假设输入时延符合齐次Markov分布,在控制器的设计中利用了控制器的历史信息, 把系统转换为无时延的Markov 跳变系统,根据Lyapunov稳定性理论和线性矩阵不等式(linear matrix inequality, LMI)方法,给出了故障分布依赖的H_∞均方稳定且具有H_∞范数界γ的容错控制器解的存在条件。最后, 通过算例验证了本方法的有效性。     

Stabilization of Continuous-Time Systems Against Stochastic Network Uncertainties: Fundamental Variance Bounds

This paper studies the stabilizability and stabilization of continuous-time systems in the presence of stochastic multiplicative uncertainties. The authors consider multi-input, multi-output(MIMO) linear time-invariant systems subject to multiple static, structured stochastic uncertainties,and seek to derive fundamental conditions to ensure that a system can be stabilized under a mean-square criterion. In the stochastic control framework, this problem can be considered as one of optimal control under state-or input-dependent random noises, while in the networked control setting, a problem of networked feedback stabilization over lossy communication channels. The authors adopt a mean-square small gain analysis approach, and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a system to be meansquare stabilizable via output feedback. For single-input, single-output(SISO) systems, the condition provides an analytical bound, demonstrating explicitly how plant unstable poles, nonminimum phase zeros, and time delay may impose a limit on the uncertainty variance required for mean-square stabilization. For MIMO minimum phase systems with possible delays, the condition amounts to solving a generalized eigenvalue problem, readily solvable using linear matrix inequality optimization techniques.     

单输入网络化控制系统的时延补偿滑模控制

针对网络化控制系统中存在的网络诱导时延问题,提出了一种离散滑模控制方法。基于一类线性时不变被控对象的单输入网络化控制系统离散模型,构造了具有时延补偿的滑模面。通过系统状态预估及对状态运动的分析,设计了可以完全消除系统抖振的滑模控制器。李亚普诺夫方法证明了该控制器能使系统状态在不产生抖振的前提下收敛于滑模面,并保证系统的渐近稳定,同时不要求网络诱导时延小于一个采样周期。以位置伺服系统为对象的仿真实例验证了该设计方法的有效性。     

Iterative learning based fault detection and estimation in nonlinear systems

Aiming at a class of nonlinear systems that contains faults,a novel iterative learning scheme is applied to fault detection,and a novel algorithm of fault detection and estimation is proposed.This algorithm first constructs residual signals by the output of the practical system and the output of the designed fault tracking estimator,and then uses the residuals and the differencevalue signal of the adjacent two residuals to gradually revise the introduced virtual faults,which can cause the virtual faults to close to the practical faults in systems,thereby achieving the goal of fault detection for systems.This algorithm not only makes full use of the existing valid information of systems and has a faster tracking convergent speed than the proportional-type(P-type) algorithm,but also calculates more simply than the proportional-derivative-type(PD-type) algorithm and avoids the unstable effects of differential operations in the system.The final simulation results prove the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

控制系统故障检测与诊断技术的最新进展

对故障检测与诊断(FDD)技术在控制领域的最新进展进行了综述,内容主要包括三类基本方法,即:基于解析模型的FDD、基于信号处理和基于知识的故障检测与诊断方法。重点评述了近年来发展起来的信息融合方法、多Agent方法、鲁棒故障检测、网络控制系统的故障诊断等。最后介绍了故障检测与诊断技术在控制系统中的若干应用成果,并指出尚待解决的主要问题和值得进一步研究的方向。