镁基合金与碳纳米纤维复合储氢材料的制备与性能研究(Ⅰ)--以化学镀Ni碳纳米纤维为前驱物热扩散法合成Mg2Ni-CNFs复合储氢材料

利用金属Mg易热扩散制合金的特性，以化学镀Ni的碳纳米纤维(Ni-CNFs)为前驱物，制备出了Mg-Ni合金与CNFs的复合储氢材料．并测试了其电化学性能，提出了镁基储氢合金与CNFs复合储氢材料的储氢机理．     

高密度储氢材料的研究进展

氢是一种清洁的燃料,氢能被公认为人类未来的理想能源,而氢能的利用最关键的环节就是氢能的储存。氢的储存是氢能现阶段开发和利用的瓶颈。氢的储存方法有高压气态储存、低温液态储存和固态储存等3种,其中高压气态储存或低温液态储存不能满足将来的储氢目标。固态储氢是通过化学或物理吸附将氢气储存于固态材料中,其能量密度高且安全性好,被认为是最有发展前景的一种氢气储存方式。目前该领域的研究取得了一些阶段性的成果,虽然目前发展的各种材料都有不易克服的缺点,但储氢材料的前景还是十分广阔的。高密度储氢材料由轻元素构成,包括铝氢化物、硼氢化物、氨基氢化物、氨硼烷等,理论储氢质量分数均达到5%以上。简述了氢能的优势及储存方法,介绍了镁基储氢材料、络合物储氢材料、Li-B-H系和2种或2种以上储氢材料复合4类有望实用化的储氢材料的研究现状,并指出了储氢材料的发展方向。     

液相有机氢载体的催化研究与应用

氢能清洁高效、能量密度高，是理想的能源载体，也是公认的未来能源发展方向之一。氢气的存储是氢能利用的关键环节，目前仍没有完美适配所有场景的储氢材料，储氢技术的选择势必要以使用场景为导向。液相有机氢载体（liquid organic hydrogen carriers，LOHCs）作为一种液相储氢材料，在运输方面具有独特的应用优势。本文介绍了常见的液相有机储氢材料，重点探讨了适用于运输工具（车、船、航空器等）的LOHCs，综述其加氢/脱氢的催化研究进展、应用技术难点，并展望了其应用前景。     

MoO3基催化剂在氢能中的应用与进展

MoO₃是具有优异气敏性能的宽禁带半导体,在析氢反应、储氢、氢气检测中的具有广泛的应用。该文首先针对MoO₃的晶体结构特征、纳米结构的可控合成进行了总结;其次,针对MoO₃及其负载型催化剂在氢能源的制备、氢能运输时的储存以及氢能使用过程中检测等问题,重点介绍了纳米结构MoO₃基催化剂的最新发展;最后展望了MoO₃基催化剂的研究和应用的未来发展。     

储氢材料的研究进展

氢能因具有来源广泛、高效、可持续和环境友好等众多优点而受到广泛的关注.氢气储存,特别是高性能储氢材料的开发是实现氢能实际应用的关键技术问题.高性能储氢材料的研发成为发展氢能技术的重要环节.本文综述了固态储氢材料和液态储氢材料的研究进展,分析并对比了各类储氢材料的优缺点,指出了储氢材料的研究现状及面临的关键技术问题,并展望了储氢材料的应用前景和发展趋势.     

平衡压力对碳纳米材料储氢的影响

燃料电池电动车需要高效、安全的储氢技术。采用体积法测定常温条件下氢气在自制的碳纳米材料 (碳纳米管和碳纳米纤维 )上的储存能力。研究发现 :在 2 5℃下 ,当平衡压力在 9～ 10 MPa之间时 ,氢气在碳纳米材料上有最大的吸附量 ,H与 C质量比为 3.1%。对此现象做了相应的解释 ,并对氢气在碳纳米材料中储存的原理作了初步的探讨。这将有助于进一步提高氢气在碳纳米材料中的储存能力 ,以利于最终实现碳纳米材料储氢技术在工程上的应用     

用作储氢材料的碳纳米管

氢能技术面临的最大科学挑战是能否将氢在常温常压下安全有效地储存和运输,碳纳米管具备一定的储氢能力并能快速地释放氢,但碳纳米管储氢要得以规模应用,其关键是如何利用碳纳米管储氢和怎样提高其储氢能力。对纳米碳管制备方法的改进、储氢机理的分析及其结构改性等方面都还需要更深入的研究,才能使得碳纳米管在储氢方面的实用价值得以实现,碳纳米管用于储氢电极材料将给储氢电池带来一场变革。     

清华大学碳纳米管储氢技术研究获新突破

清华大学碳纳米材料研究小组近日发现一种经处理后表现出显著储氢性能的碳纳米管,它有望成为新的清洁能源——氢能电池的制造材料。研究小组的科技人员对定向碳纳米管的电化学储氢特性进行了系统研究,发现这种碳纳米管具有许多全新的力学、电学、热学和光学性能,尤其是将它混以     

氢能制造探析

<正>作为清洁、高效、安全和可持续的替代能源,氢能日渐受到人类的青睐。未来有望建立集成制氢、储氢、运输及转化利用等多环节的氢能系统,实现全球化石能源经济向氢能经济的转型。然而,这一切的基础是氢能大规模的廉价制取。2009年在加拿大顺利召开的首届国际制氢会议为氢能领域特别是制氢领域的专家和学者提供了     

碳纳米纤维电镀镍方法研究

作为一种增强基材料,碳纳米纤维的优良性能被广泛关注.采用表面活性剂分散碳纳米纤维方法,制备了碳纳米纤维纸.利用电化学工作站,对碳纳米纤维纸进行电镀镍.通过伏安循环曲线和电镀曲线对碳纳米纤维电镀镍的过程进行分析.在碳纳米纤维电镀镍之后进行微观形貌、表面成分和电阻变化分析,发现碳纳米纤维能被镍很好地包覆且电阻率大幅降低.     

Electrochemical hydrogen storage of aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Hydrogen storage of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (a-MWNTs),non-aligned MWNTs(n-MWNTs) and graphite electrodes are studied by the electro-chemical measurements .The electrodes are prepared by mixing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) copper powder and ptfe binder in a weight ratio of 1:5:3 and compressing the mixture into porous nickel collector,The results show that the electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of the a-MWNT electrode is up to 1625 mAh/g corresponding to a high hydrogen storage of 5.7 wt% ,which is 10 times that of graphite electrode and is 13 times that of n-MWNT electrode, suggesting that a-MWNTs are promising materials for electrochemical hydrogen storage.     

Recent advances in hydrogen storage technologies based on nanoporous carbon materials

Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier that can potentially facilitate a transition from fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources without producing harmful by-products. Prior to realizing a hydrogen economy, however, viable hydrogen storage materials must be developed. Physical adsorption in porous solids provides an opportunity for hydrogen storage under low-stringency conditions. Physically adsorbed hydrogen molecules are weakly bound to a surface and, hence, are easily released. Among the various surface candidates, porous carbons appear to provide efficient hydrogen storage, with the advantages that porous carbon is relatively low-cost to produce and is easily prepared. In this review, we summarize the preparation methods, pore characteristics, and hydrogen storage capacities of representative nanoporous carbons, including activated carbons, zeolite-templated carbon, and carbide-derived carbon. We focus particularly on a series of nanoporous carbons developed recently: metal–organic framework-derived carbons, which exhibit promising properties for use in hydrogen storage applications.     

Effects of structure and surface properties on carbon nanotubes’ hydrogen storage characteristics

Hydrogen adsorption experiments were carried out in special stainless steel vessels at room temperature (298K) and under 10 MPa using self-synthesized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. In the experiments, carbon nanotubessynthesized by the seeded catalyst method were pretreatedby being soaked in chemical reagents or annealed at hightemperature before they were used to adsorb hydrogen, but their capacity for hydrogen storage was still poor. Carbonnanotubes synthesized by the floating catalyst method were found to be able to adsorb more hydrogen. They have ahydrogen storage capacity of over 4% after they wereannealed at high temperatures, which suggested that theycould be used as a promising material for hydrogen storage.     

微晶碳在镁基复合储氢材料中的作用

为了提高金属镁的放氢动力学性能,将无烟煤经脱灰并碳化后制得的微晶碳添加到镁粉中,用氢气反应球磨法一步制得高性能镁碳复合储氢材料。用X射线衍射和红外光谱对微晶碳的结构进行了表征,用透射电镜、引射线能谱、粉末X射线衍射对储氢材料的结构进行了测试,用差示扫描量热分析和P—C-T分析对材料的储氢性能进行了研究。结果表明,微晶碳具有类石墨晶体结构,对镁有良好的助磨作用,并与镁有协同吸氢和放氢作用。镁粉中添加40％微晶碳,球磨2h的粒度即可达到30-50nm,储氢材料的初始放氢温度可低至227.4℃,储氢密度可达6.7％。     

Applying Study of Hydrogen Storage Alloy

Hydrogen is an important source of energy.The natural resouces of hydrogen is plenty and it gives us lots of heat, and it is dean. One of difficulties of developing hydrogen sources of energy is hydrogen storage. Hydrogen storage tank is either dangous or a little of capacity. Liquid hydrogen occupys small space. Liquefaction temperature of hydrogen is -253℃ and need better heat insulation protection, the volumn and weight of heat insulation layer are equal to hydrogen storage tank. Hydrogen storage utillizing hydrogen storage material is a very safety, economical and effective method. Hydrogen storage material is either a medium of sofid hydrogen storage or is negative pole active material of Ni-H battery,and is the one of key technoloy of fuel and Ni-H battery, it is an important material of new sources of energy too.Nanotechnology is introduced Mg-matrix hydrogen storage alloy and is achieved progress gteatly,but hydrogen storage alloy need be mode further improvment on applying investigation.     

Hydrogen storage of multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with Pd-Ni nanoparticles under moderate conditions

A type of novel material with a high hy-drogen storage capacity was prepared by supporting PdNi18 alloy nanoparticles,which were synthesized by using a new colloid method,on the surface of pretreated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The average PdNi18 alloy particle sizes calculated from XRD patterns were ca. 3 nm,and the high dis-persion of these particles on MWCNTs was con-firmed by TEM image. Hydrogen storage perform-ance of the composite was investigated under mod-erate pressure (0.1―1.5 MPa) at room temperature,and a maximum storage capacity of ca. 2.3 wt% was achieved under 1.5 MPa at room temperature,which was much higher than that reported previously under the same conditions.     

铝掺杂富勒烯储氢研究:氢分子形成双层结构

利用密度泛函理论对铝(Al)掺杂富勒烯(C_(60))体系的储氢性能进行研究.计算结果显示单个Al原子吸附的最佳位置是在C_(60)表面碳五元环的中心位置,并形成稳定的Al-C_(60)团簇结构.当多个Al原子掺杂C_(60)时,12个Al原子吸附在C_(60)的碳五元环正上方具有最低的吸附能,并形成稳定的Al12-C_(60)团簇结构.当氢气与Al掺杂C_(60)的团簇相互作用时,C_(60)上碳原子的吸附使得氢气吸附在Al原子的侧位比吸附在Al原子的顶位更稳定.当多个氢气分子吸附时,102个氢分子形成稳定的双层结构并吸附在Al12-C_(60)上,体系的储氢质量分数能达到16.44%,其中第一层氢分子主要同两个临近的Al原子以及C_(60)相互作用,第二层氢气分子同近邻的Al原子和第一层氢气分子相互作用.     

中国杉木林生态系统碳储量研究

 利用中国4次森林资源清查资料以及中国森林生态系统定位观测研究站（CFERN）的实测数据,估算了中国1977-2003年4个时期杉木林生态系统的碳储量,分析了其年龄结构特征、垂直分配结构特征、时空动态格局和贮碳潜力。总碳储量研究结果 1977-1981为 1.09 Gt,1984-1988为1.496 Gt,1994-1998为2.446 Gt,1999-2003为2.866 Gt。江西、湖南、浙江、福建、云南、广西和广东7省的杉木林碳储量约占84%～86%。幼、中龄杉木林碳储量在79%~83.90%之间,随着杉木林的演替成熟,我国杉木林生态系统是一个潜在的碳库。在垂直分布上,乔木层碳储量占9.38%~10.63%,林下植被占0.6%~0.7%,土壤占87.99%~89.02%,枯落物占0.68%~0.78%,不同时期杉木林生态系统碳储量的垂直分配结构基本相似。1999-2003期间中国杉木林生态系统碳素现存量为2.866 Gt,一个龄级期（10 a）后碳储量将达到3.772 Gt,并以90.63 Mt·a^-1的平均积累速率递增,是一个贮存潜力大,增长速率快的碳库。