广西的鹬虻八新种记述(双翅目:鹬虻科)

记述广西的鹬虻科昆虫,包括鹬虻属7新种及金鹬虻属1新种。     

New fossil elaterids （Insect： Coleoptera： Polyphaga： Elateridae） from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

A new genus with a new species of fossil elaterid, Paraprotagrypnus superbus gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Daohugou Village (N41°18.979′, E119°14.318′), Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China is described and illustrated. The genus Paraprotagrypnus belongs to the family of Elateridae, subfamily of Protagrypninae and tribe of Protagrypnini. Some primitive characters of the new genus and new species shed light on the ages between the Jiulongshan Formation in Inner Mongolia and the Yixian Formation in the western Liaoning Province of China. The habitat of the new species is briefly discussed.     

广西瘤(虫责)属一新种((虫责)翅目:(虫责)科)

瘤(虫责)属Tyloperla系Sivec和stark(1988)所建立,模式种是Tylopyge attenuata Wu et Claassen。该属过去一直沿用属名Tylopyge Klapálek 1913,经zwick(1988)证实Tylopyge是纯(虫责)属Paragnetina Klapálek 1907的异名。瘤(虫责)属的种类中至大型,头部有3个单眼,雄性腹部5⒍7节背板未发生特化,第8背板中央有一骨化区,第9背板两侧骨化而中央大部区域膜质且有一小齿带,第10背板分为左右两叶,各有一指状突,基部有一瘤丘。该属已知3种,分布于亚洲南部地区。本文记述了我国广西一新种,模式标本保存在北京农业大学昆虫标本室。     

蔷 属一新种和一新记录种( 目:异 科)

记述采自广西博白的蔷属一新种——棒尾蔷Ａｓｃｅｌｅｓｃｌａｖａｔｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。并记录了蔷属一中国新记录种,同时列出中国该属昆虫的名单。模式标本保存在北京林业大学昆虫标本室。     

广西桂花树的桑名蚧属新种(同翅目:珠蚧科)

报道发现于广西桂林的新害虫桂花桑名蚧ＫｕｗａｎｉａａｓｍａｎｔｈｕｓＹａｎｇｅｔＨｕ．详细记述并描绘了新种的形态特征，与本属种类进行了比较．附有我国桑名蚧属Ｋｕｗａｎｉａ已知种的检索表。     

广西粉蛉亚科新种和新记录(脉翅目:粉蛉科)

根据采自广西的标本记述了脉翅目粉蛉科的粉蛉亚科昆虫３属１５种，内有２广西新记录种和１２新种．新种均绘有鉴别特征图，并与近似种进行比较．     

中国白肩天蛾属记述与一新记录种(鳞翅目:天蛾科)

白肩天蛾属(Rhagastis RothschildJordan,1903)在中国分布有9种.于2017年上半年和2018年上半年分别对贵州荔波县茂兰自然保护区和海南乐东县尖峰岭地区进行考察并采集到一些天蛾标本.在对长喙天蛾族(Macroglossini Harris,1839)的标本进行整理之后发现,其中一些标本为宽缘白肩天蛾(Rhagastis acuta Walker,1856),这是该种首次在中国境内被记录.对该新记录种雄性成虫的形态进行了描述且附图,并对中国白肩天蛾属目前已知的种类进行了记述.     

Morphological evolution from aquatic to terrestrial in the genus Oreolalax （Amphibia, Anura, Megophryidae）

A phylogeny of 17 species in the genus Oreolalax is reconstructed based on 21 morphological characters from adult specimens, skeleton specimens, tadpoles and eggs. Four species groups are recognized, of which the O. rugosus species group is the most primitive, the O. weigoldi species group is the second, the O. omeimontis species group is the third and the O. pingii species group is the most recently diversified. Based on the evolutional tendency of the morphological characters on the phylogenetic tree, it is proposed that the evolution of tympanum, tympanic annulus, columella, spoon-like cartilage and the web between toes reflect the habit changes from aquatic to terrestrial. Thus, Oreolalax is regarded as one important representative genus to study further the evolution of morphological characters from aquatic to terrestrial.     

广西野蝗属一新种(直翅目:斑腿蝗科)

记述采自广西壮族自治区上思县斑腿蝗科野蝗属一新种，广西野蝗Ｆｅｒ　ｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．     

广西棘膝大蚊属二新种(双翅目:大蚊科)

双翅目大蚊科(Tipulidae)的棘膝大蚊属(Holorusia Loew)包括本科体型最大的种类(翅展可达100mm左右),世界已知近百种,主要分布在东洋区,有63种及2亚种。我国四川5种,广东1种。海峡两岸各3种;广西此属为新记录,在此记述2新种,模式标本收藏在北京农业大学昆虫标本室。棘膝大蚊属很长时期均采用Ctenacroscelis Enderlein属名,Vane-Wright(1967)证明是Holorusia的异名,Alexander(1971)也讨论了此属的情况。     

Discovery of a pterodactylid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning, China

A well-preserved pterosaur with nearly complete skull is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Sihetun in western Liaoning. It is characterized by a low and long crestless skull, slender and pointed teeth, long metacarpal, nearly equal length of metatarsals I–III and short pedal digit V. It is referred to a new genus and species of the family Pterodactylidae:Haopterus gracilis gen. et sp. nov. This is the first pterosaur with a nearly complete skull from the Jehol Biota; it also represents the first non-controversial fossil record of Pterodactylidae in Asia.Haopterus is more derived thanPterodactylus from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen in Germany. This discovery extends the distribution of the family Pterodactylidae from Europe and Africa to Asia and its latest occurrence from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. The discovery ofHaopterus gracilis provides further evidence for the study of the origin and radiation of the Jehol Biota; it also sheds new light on the evolution and distribution of pterosaurs in the late Mesozoic.     

Investisations into the perplexing interrelationship of the Genus Takifugu Abe, 1949 （Tetraodontiformes,Tetraodontidae）

The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Takifugu Abe, 1949 （Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae） remain unresolved. Because of the use of Takifugu as model organisms, the resolution of these relationships is crucial for the interpretation of evolutionary trends in biology. Pufferfishes of this genus are comprised of a comparatively small number of species and are mainly distributed along the coastal region of the western part of the Sea of Japan and the coastline of China. Mitochondrial gene sequences were employed to test the phylogenetic hypotheses within the genus. Seventeen species of the genus were examined. Molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using the maximum parsi- mony, neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our hypothesis of internal relationships within the genus differs from previous hypotheses. Our results indicate that （1） the genus Takifugu is a monophyletic assemblage; （2） the genus is divided into 6 subgroups based on the moecular data; and （3） there is low genetic diversity among the species within this genus. In addition, speciation within Takifugu appears to be driven by hybridization and isolation by distribution. Our results also suggested that the taxonomy in the genus should be clarified based on both molecular and morphological data.     

Bayesian mixed models and divergence time estimation of Chinese cavefishes （Cyprinidae： Sinocyclocheilus）

The genus Sinocyclocheilus is distributed in Yun-Gui Plateau and its surrounding region only, within more than 10 cave species showing different degrees of degeneration of eyes and pigmentaUon with wonderful adaptations. To present, published morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses of Slnocyclocheilus from prior works are very different and the relationships within the genus are still far from clear. We obtained the sequences of cytochrome b （cyt b） and NADH dehydrogenase subunlt 4 （ND4） of 34 species within Sinocyclocheilus, which represent the most dense taxon sampling to date. We performed Bayesian mixed models analyses with this data set. Under this phylogenetic framework, we estimated the divergence times of recovered clades using different methods under relaxed molecular clock. Our phyloegentic results supported the monophyly of Sinocyclocheilus and showed that this genus could be subdivided into 6 major clades. In addition, an earlier finding demonstrating the polyphyletlc of cave species and the most basal position of S. jii was corroborated. Relaxed divergence-time estimation suggested that Sinocyclocheilus originated at the late Miocene, about 11 million years ago （Ma）, which is older than what have been assumed.     

Phylogenetic investigation on five genera of tintinnid ciliates （Ciliophora, Choreotrichia）, based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences

The phylogenetic relationship among tintinnid ciliates are relatively poorly studied based on molecular data. In the present work, seven species belonging to five genera of the order Tintinnida (Amphorellopsis acuta, Codonellopsis nipponica, Favella taraikaensis, Stenosemella nivalis, Tintinnopsis beroidea, Tintinnopsis cylindrica and Tintinnopsis lohmanni) were analyzed using the information on their small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Bayesian inference (BI), maximum parsimony (MP), neighbor-joining (NJ), and least-squares (LS) methods. Generally, similar topologies were revealed with high or moderate supports, in which the main results show that (1) all tintinnids analyzed belong to a single assemblage; (2) congeners in Tintinnopsis do not cluster together, which indicates that the lorica-based definition for this genus is not consistent with the SSU rRNA phylogeny; (3) A. acuta groups with Tintinnidium mucicola but not with Eutintinnus, indicating that the traditional family Tintinnidae might be a paraphyletic group; (4) Stenosemella and Codonellopsis are clearly most related and possibly even merged into one genus regarding their similar morphology and molecular analyses, and possession of a hyaline collar is the only characteristic of the genus.     

An exceptionally well-preserved fossil Kalligrammatid from the Jehol Biota

A new species of Neuroptera, Sophogramma lii sp. nov. is described and illustrated in this paper. This new species is assigned to Sophogramma Ren of Kalligrammatidae, mainly based on its humeral recurrent veins, the basal cell present between posterior branch of media at base of wing, etc. The new species is distinguished from all other Sophogramma species on the difference of wing venation. This exceptionally well-preserved specimen is recovered from the Yixian Formation, Huangbanjigou, located near Beipiao City, in western Liaoning Province. The genus diagnosis has been emended based on new characters shown in this new species. Based on a summary of localities, distribution and geological ages of all genera and species of the Kalligrammatidae, we suggest that Kalligrammatids might have originated in Eastern Asia, especially in China. Function of the wing pigmentation is discussed briefly. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30430100 and 40872022), Beijing Natural Science Foundation Program (Grant No. 5082002), Scientific Research Key Program (Grant No. KZ200910028005) and PHR Project of of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education, Science-Technology Basic Condition Platform from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Grant No. 2005DKA21402)     

似眼蝇亚科中国新记录及一新种（双翅目：眼蝇科）

广西猫儿山昆虫考察中采到一只罕见的眼蝇，为似眼蝇属的一新种；似眼蝇亚科在中国则为初次发现，使我国眼蝇科区系四个亚科均有了代表。     

Genome organization and phylogenetic tree analysis of Garlic virus E, a new member of genus Allexivirus

The complete sequence of an Allexivirus isolated from garlic plants in Yuhang City, Zhejiang Province, China had been determined. The single-strand, positive RNA genome was 8451 nucleotides in length excluding poly(A) tail. The genome organization of this virus was similar to that of the other Allexiviruses but only with 62.8%–64.8% nucleotide acid identities. The amino acid sequences of proteins encoded by ORF1-6 shared 67.6%–78.5%, 55.4%–66.2%, 56.7%–66.4%,40.3%–55.6%,66.3%–79.7%and 52.2%–68.8% identities with those of the others respectively. The homology range between it and the other Allexiviruses was similar to that between the other distinct species in this genus. A more comprehensive comparison using all available CP amino acid sequences showed that it shared only 63.9%–79.8% amino acids identical with the others. Therefore, it had been considered as a new member of the genus, named as garlic virus E (GarV-E). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed GarV-E as a distinct member and the correct names and classification of some members of genus Allexivirus were also discussed.     

湖南省苦苣苔科植物物种多样性分析

通过对中国湖南省苦苣苔科植物野外调查以及文献资料整理,从苦苣苔科植物的属种组成、区系成分及地理分布特征等方面,阐述湖南省苦苣苔植物多样性现状。湖南省内共有苦苣苔科植物17属81种(含种下单位,下同),无特有属;特有种23种,占总种数28.40%。省内苦苣苔科植物主要分布于湘西北和湘西南地区。种数排前五的属为广义报春苣苔属(24种)、广义马铃苣苔属(17种)、半蒴苣苔属(9种)、石山苣苔属(6种)、长蒴苣苔属(5种)及吊石苣苔属(5种)。地理成分以热带成分为主。在种的分类水平上,特有成分所含种数32种,占总种数的45.07%,表明湖南省苦苣苔科植物特有性较高。针对苦苣苔科植物分布特性以及湖南苦苣苔科植物多样性现状,本文给出了合理保护与开发利用省内野生资源的建议。     

Asian origin for Polystichum （Dryopteridaceae） based on rbcL sequences

Chloroplast rbcL sequences of 60 species of Polystichum sensu lato (s.l.), including 23 new sequences from southwest China, were used to assess the phylogenetic relationships within the genus. On the basis of estimated evolution rate of rbcL gene and the genetic distance data that passed relative-rate tests, we further estimated the divergence times between some clades of the genus. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred using the neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony methods, both methods producing trees with completely congruent topology. These trees reveal that all species of Polystichum s.l. in this study (including Cyrtomium and Cyrtomidictyum) form a monophyletic group. The basal split in Polystichum s.l. separates a clade with all Asian members from a clade containing other species from all over the world. The phylogenetic and divergence time estimation results lead us to suggest that Polystichum s.l. originated in Asia in the late Late Cretacous (≈76 Ma) and migrated into other places in the world in early Eocene(≈46 Ma).