Rauwolfia alkaloids XLVII isoreserpiline-ψ-indoxyl,its isolation,synthesis and structure

Zusammenfassung Isoreserpiline--indoxyl wurde ausRauwolfia vomitoria Afzel isoliert. Durch eine einfache Synthese, ausgehend von Reserpilin, wurde die Struktur dieses neuen Alkaloids bewiesen.     

Effects on prostaglandins F2α, I2, and indomethacin on isolated coronary arteries from healthy and alloxandiabetic dogs

Summary Contractile responses of isolated coronary arteries from healthy and alloxan-diabetic dogs to prostaglandin F₂ were enhanced by indomethacin and inhibited by prostaglandin I₂. The potentiation by indomethacin was more prominent in diabetic vessels than in normal arteries.     

Crystal and molecular structure of 3, 3′-dibromobenzophenone

Résumé La structure du cristal de 3, 3-dibromobenzophénone a été définie par l'emploi de données obtenues par rayons X dans trois dimensions. Les distances et les angles de liaison ont été obtenus et l'on a trouvé que deux anneaux de phényle de la molécule ne sont pas dans le même plan, l'angle compris entre eux étant de 39,9°.     

Time-Symmetrised Quantum Theory,Counterfactuals and ‘Advanced Action’

Recent authors have raised objections to the counterfactual interpretation of the Aharonov–Bergmann–Lebowitz (ABL) rule of time-symmetrised quantum theory (TSQT). I distinguish between two different readings of the ABL rule, counterfactual and non-counterfactual, and confirm that TSQT advocate L. Vaidman is employing the counterfactual reading to which these authors object. Vaidman has responded to the objections by proposing a new kind of time-symmetrised counterfactual, which he has defined in two different ways. It is argued that neither definition succeeds in overcoming the objections, except in a limited special case previously noted by Cohen and Hiley. In addition, a connection is made between TSQT and Price’s concept of ‘advanced action’, which further supports the special case discussed.     

5′-Nucleotidase activity in liver homogenates of rats treated with CCl4, colchicine,cycloheximide, emetine,ethanol, ethionine and 5-fluorotryptophan

Summary 5-Nucleotidase activity, an enzyme marker of the plasma membranes, increases in female rat liver homogenates following ethionine administration, while homogenates from males show no changes. Treatment with CCl₄, colchicine, cycloheximide, emetine, ethanol and 5-fluorotryptophan does not significantly modify the 5-nucleotidase activity of liver homogenates of either female or male rats.     

The presence of β-phenylethylamine,p-tyramine,m-tyramine and tryptamine in ganglia and foot muscle of the garden snail (Helix aspersa)

Summary The concentrations of -phenylethylamine,p-tyramine,m-tyramine,m-octopamine and tryptamine in the ganglia or foot muscle ofHelix aspersa range from <0.6 to 11 ng/g.p-Octopamine levels are higher in ganglia (327 ng/g) than in foot muscle (4.1 ng/g). Dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine range from 840 to 2710 ng/g while their acid metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid range from <20 to 130 ng/g.Acknowledgments. We thank Dr A.A. Boulton for helpful discus sion, Dr D.A. Durden for supervising the mass spectrometric analyses, Dr B.A. Davis for the synthesis of the deuterated standards, G.H. Wheatley, E.P. Zarycki and M. Mizuno for expert technical assistance, and Saskatchewan Health and the MRC of Canada for providing financial support.     

Non-contextuality,finite precision measurement and the Kochen–Specker theorem

Meyer originally raised the question of whether non-contextual hidden variable models can, despite the Kochen–Specker theorem, simulate the predictions of quantum mechanics to within any fixed finite experimental precision (Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 3751). Meyer's result was extended by Kent (Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 3755). Clifton and Kent later presented constructions of non-contextual hidden variable theories which, they argued, indeed simulate quantum mechanics in this way (Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 456 (2000) 2101).These arguments have evoked some controversy. Among other things, it has been suggested that the Clifton–Kent models do not in fact reproduce correctly the predictions of quantum mechanics, even when finite precision is taken into account. It has also been suggested that careful analysis of the notion of contextuality in the context of finite precision measurement motivates definitions which imply that the Clifton–Kent models are in fact contextual. Several critics have also argued that the issue can be definitively resolved by experimental tests of the Kochen–Specker theorem or experimental demonstrations of the contextuality of Nature.One aim of this paper is to respond to and rebut criticisms of the Meyer–Clifton–Kent papers. We thus elaborate in a little more detail how the Clifton–Kent models can reproduce the predictions of quantum mechanics to arbitrary precision. We analyse in more detail the relationship between classicality, finite precision measurement and contextuality, and defend the claims that the Clifton–Kent models are both essentially classical and non-contextual. We also examine in more detail the senses in which a theory can be said to be contextual or non-contextual, and in which an experiment can be said to provide evidence on the point. In particular, we criticise the suggestion that a decisive experimental verification of contextuality is possible, arguing that the idea rests on a conceptual confusion.     

AMP deaminase, 5′-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase in rat myocardial tissue in myocardial infarction and hypothermia

Summary AMP deaminase, 5-nucleotidase and adenosine deaminase have been estimated in skeletal muscle and myocardial tissue in normal rats and in rats subjected to experimental myocardial infarction or hypothermia. A difference in the enzyme distribution was found between the right and left ventricles in the normal rat. A decrease in the activity of 5-nucleotidase and an increase in the activity of adenosine deaminase were observed in infarcted myocardial tissue. The activity of all 3 enzymes was found to be depressed in the myocardium in rats subjected to hypothermia. These results are discussed in relation to adenosine production and its beneficial effects.     

Aryl and aniline hydroxylases in rat nuclear membranes after pretreatment with pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile,phenobarbital and methylcholanthrene

Résumé L'aryl hydrocarbure hydroxylase nucléaire répond seulement au méthylcholanthrène tandis que le phénobarbital et la prégnénolone 16-carbonitril ne l'affectent pas. Les trois substances n'induisent pas l'aniline hydroxylase nucléaire. Cependant elles sont des puissants inducteurs de l'aryl et l'aniline hydroxylase microsomiale.

---

---

We thank Dr.H. Gelboin for the 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, Dr.J. Babcock for pregnenolone 16-carbonitrile, and Dr.M. Bornens for his helpful discussions.     

The effects of 9α-halohydrocortisones and of aldosterone on survival,growth and sodium-potassium excretion in adrenalectomized rats

Zusammenfassung Die Wirkungen von Aldosteron und 9-Halogenhydrocortison-azetaten auf das Überleben und Wachstum adrenalektomierter Ratten wurden studiert. Im Na/K-Ausscheidungstest zeigten sich 9-Chlor-hydrocortison-azetat bzw. 9-Fluor-hydrocortison-azetat 35-bzw. 10mal wirksamer als DCA und wiesen 1/3 bzw. 1/10 der Wirksamkeit von Aldosteron auf.     

Properties of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase,and glutathione levels in rat mammary gland

Summary -Glutamyltranspeptidase activity and glutathione levels were studied in rat mammary gland during the lactogenic cycle; both increased during mid-lactation. The enzyme's specific activity with several amino acids showed that glutamine and methionine were the best substrates. Maleate decreased the transpeptidation reaction and increased the hydrolytic activity. These results suggest that -glutamyltranspeptidase from the mammary gland is similar to the enzyme described in other tissues in relation to these properties and the physiological role proposed in amino acids transport.     

TRH analogue with C-terminal thioamide group. Synthesis,receptor binding,TSH-releasing activity and α-MSH-releasing activity

Summary A new TRH analogue containing a C-terminal thioamide group was synthesized. This peptide was shown to have receptor-binding affinity, and TSH- as well as -MSH-releasing activities very similar to native TRH.Acknowledgments. This work was supported by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council (K-KU 3020-112) and the Polish Academy of Sciences (Research Grant No. MR I 12.1.6.1).     

Phylogenetic distribution, functional epitopes and evolution of the CSαβ superfamily

A superfamily of proteins often conserves a common structural scaffold but develops diverse biochemical and biological functions during evolution. The understanding of evolutionary mechanisms responsible for this diversity is of fundamental importance not only in structural genomics but also in nature-guided drug design. A superfamily of peptides with a conserved CSalphabeta structural motif provides a considerably intriguing example to approach such an issue. The peptides from this superfamily have wide origins, ranging from plants to animals, and exhibit diverse biological activities, varying from a sweet-tasting protein to antibacterial defensins and animal toxins targeting ion channels. This review describes the phylogenetic distribution and structural classifi cation of this unique scaffold and provides new insights into its functional diversity from the perspective of sequence, structure and evolution.     

Sesquiterpenoids minor constituents ofPinus parviflora. On the relationship between (−)-δ-cadinol, (+)-δ-cadinol,sesquigoyol, torreyol,and brown alga cadinol

Zusammenfassung 1-Dokosanol, Sesquigoyol,-Sitosterin und 3,5-Dimethoxystilben wurden ausP. formosana isoliert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Sesquigoyol der optische Antipode von (–)--Cadinol ist.

---

---

Sesquiterpenoids II. For the previous paper in this series, seeW. G. Dauben, B. Weinstein, P. Lim, andA. B. Anderson, Tetrahedron15, 217 (1961).

---

On leave of absence from the Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.

---

The National Council of Science, Republic of China, is thanked for the award of a fellowship for advanced study to one of us (K.-T.W.).     

Plasma enteroglucagon,peptide YY and gastrin in rats deprived of luminal nutrition,and after urogastrone-EGF administration. A proliferative role for PYY in the intestinal epithelium?

Intestinal tissue mass was significantly reduced throughout the gastrointestinal tract (p<0.001) of=" intravenously=" fed=" (tpn)=" rats.=" urogastrone-epidermal=" growth=" factor,=" (uro-egf),=" reversed=" these=" changes.=" although=" plasma=" enteroglucagon=" and=" gastrin=" levels=" showed=" a=" small=" increase=" with=" uro-egf,=" this=" was=" far=" less=" than=" the=" gut=" tissue=" weight=" change,=" suggesting=" that=" it=" was=" unlikely=" that=" they=" were=" involved=" in=" modulating=" the=" proliferative=" response=" of=" the=" intestine=" to=" uro-egf.=" peptide=" tyrosine=" tyrosine=" (pyy)=" levels=" were=" however=" significantly=" increased=" by=" uro-egf,=" indicating=" that=" pyy=" may=" possibly=" have=" a=" role=" in=" the=" modulation=" of=" intestinal=" cell=">We thank the Cancer Research Campaign for their financial assistance and acknowledge the technical assistance of Mr W. Lenton.     

Comparison of the effects of lithium,β-phenylethylamine and tyrosine onXenopus embryos

Résumé On a étudié les effets du lithium, de la -phényléthylamine et de la tyrosine sur le développement embryonnaire deXenopus laevis. La tyrosine n'a pas d'effet, mais le lithium ou la -phényléthylamine ont végétalisé les embryons s'ils ont été exposés avant le stade blastula.