改善苎麻及其混纺纱弹性研究

本文主要为了改善苎麻纱和麻棉纱的弹性,对苎麻纱、麻棉纱和棉纱进行了碱处理。并根据前人所做的工作,即有张力状态下碱处理和松弛状态下碱处理,其纱线性能存在较大差异,因而本文着重考虑在不同张力状态下进行碱处理,研究结果表明,采用低张力进行碱处理。其苎麻纱和麻棉纱的最大变形能力即断裂伸长显著增加,初始弹性模量显著下降,纱线变形恢复能力显著提高。     

SOME END-USES OF PURE RAMIE NOIL ROTOR YARNS

In the previous studies, the optimum technological combination has been obtained for producing coarse pure ramie noil yarns on rotor spinning system currently. Because of no yarn properties standard available at present for suchlike yarns, it is considered necessary to analyse the acceptability of coarse pure ramie noil rotor-spun yarns in terms of yarn properties before their products being developed. By the aid of a hypothetical concept "pure ramie noil ring-spun yarn", this paper draws the conclusion that the coarse pure ramie noil rotor-spun yarns are condsidered acceptable to a great extent; furthermore, it introduces 5 kinds of woven fabrics and 3 kinds of knitted fabrics successfully designed and developed from those yarns.     

关于苎麻根、叶综合利用开发的思考—以达州苎麻业为例

苎麻是我国国宝，通过分析苎麻的根、叶的药用价值，认为综合利用开发苎麻根、叶有利于苎麻产业的健康发展．     

氨基硅油改性苎麻纤维的研究

在一定温度条件下,用氨基硅油对苎麻纤维进行表面改性处理.利用红外光谱分析(IR)、接触角测试、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、热重分析(TG)等方法对改性前后苎麻纤维的性能进行分析.结果表明,经氨基硅油改性的苎麻纤维表面成功包覆了有机硅分子,且表面羟基数量减少,吸水性较未改性的苎麻纤维下降,与聚丙烯相容性提高;改性后,苎麻纤维的结晶度提高了15%;在230℃以前,未改性的苎麻纤维质量损耗为5%,而改性后苎麻纤维基本上没有分解,改性后苎麻纤维的耐热性能有了较大的提高。     

苎麻长纤维与棉纤维混纺的研究

由于牵伸装置的局限性,一般长纤维和短纤维纺纱是分别在不同设备上进行的。苎麻/棉混纺纱也都是以苎麻短纤维(落麻或切段麻)和棉纤维按短纤维纺纱系统混纺而成的。由于原料性能的限制,其成纱质量较低,尤其是条干不匀、麻粒等方面较差,难以满足高档织物的要求。本文通过对长、短纤维在长纤维纺纱设备上进行各种方案的纺纱试验,证明了只要合理调整牵伸装置等工艺条件,长短纤维在同一设备上纺纱是可行的。并对纺出的长麻/棉混纺纱的性能作了测试分析。结果表明,由于纺纱原料性能的改善,长麻/棉混纺纱的质量较短麻/棉混纺纱的质量有了较大提高,这对开拓麻/棉混纺纱生产和市场有一定的意义。     

Effect of Blending Ratio on he Properties of Ramie/Polyester Blended Yarn

The effects of the blending ratio on the properties of Ramie/Polyester blended yarns are discussed in this paper. The experimental results show that the elongation of the yarn with the polyester content more than 40% is better than that of others. There is a lowest tenacity of the yarn corresponding to the blending ratio of 50/50 or so. The other properties of the yarn, such as the evenness and hairiness, will be improved with the increasing of the polyester content.     

苎麻三维结构纬编针织复合材料预制件的研制

用苎麻和玻璃纤维设计、织造了米拉诺罗纹加衬纬和变化畦编加衬纬三维结构纬编针织复合材料预制件,并测试和分析了预制件的拉伸性能.结果发现米拉诺罗纹组织的织物强度和衬纬强度都比变化畦编组织高;苎麻纱线性能的一致性差,易发生非均匀断裂,不能充分发挥其性能优势.     

苎麻纱的毛羽分析

本文作者对苎麻细纱的毛羽特性进行了研究。对纤维细度,纺纱支数、细纱捻度、变性苎麻纤维与细纱毛羽的关系亦进行了分析,得出如下结论: 1.纤维细度对细纱毛羽有明显影响。纤维支数愈高,毛羽愈少。 2.纺纱支数对毛羽的数量有一定影响。支数愈高,毛羽量愈少。 3.提出了细纱捻度与毛羽的回归方程。 4.变性苎麻纤维对细纱毛羽有明显影响。 5.提出了S_0=KN_1L_1d_0是衡量苎麻纱毛羽的一个重要指标。     

苎麻纱毛羽的进一步分析

本文报导了显微镜下观察到的苎麻纱毛羽形态、苎麻纱毛羽及均匀度的测试结果。指出苎麻纱的一些疵点和平行伸直度差的纤维是形成毛羽较重要的原因。所以,应保持良好的的工艺和机械状态来改善细纱质量。最后提出了一些减少毛羽可采用的技术。     

高支苎麻织物形态记忆整理工艺

将形态记忆聚氨酯与交联剂、柔软剂等整理剂复配后,对经液氨处理的薄型纯苎麻平布进行抗皱免烫整理,通过试验得到足够的工艺参数和织物性能的数据,运用正交试验确定最佳的形态记忆整理工艺配方及烘干、焙烘工艺条件,分析苎麻织物进行形态记忆整理的作用机制。     

离子液体改性苎麻纤维性质研究

讨论几种1甲基，3-烷基咪唑-氟硼酸类离子液体在苎麻纤维整理上的应用，用IR对整理的苎麻纤维进行了分析，发现BMIBF4，HMIBF4，OctMIBF4，DMIBF4几种离子液体可以吸附到纤维表面并渗透到纤维里面降低苎麻纤维的结晶度。同时研究了整理过的苎麻纤维的染色性和整理效果，其染色性如上染率．匀染性和透染性郝增加了，而在整理效果方面，其手感．剌痒感和易脆性也得到了改善。     

织造和染整加工前后精梳毛纱拉伸性能的关系

为了根据织造前纱线的拉伸性能和织造、后整理工艺预测织物的拉伸性能,研究了织造和染整加工前后精梳毛纱拉伸性能的关系,获得了三方面的结论:(1)经常规后整理加工的各种精梳毛织物中经纱的伸长变形能力没有显著差异,但其纬纱的伸长变形能力与织造和染整工艺有关。(2)坯布染色情况下织造前纱线的伸长变形曲线在伸长率方向扩大一定倍数以后与织物中纱线的伸长变形曲线相当。纱线染色情况下织造前纱线的伸长变形曲线的某一部分与织物中纱线的伸长变形曲线相当。(3)后整理加工中的经向张力和拉幅张力对精梳毛织物中纱线的伸长变形能力的影响特别大。树脂整理有降低织物变形特别是变形回复能力的作用。     

苎麻织物表面性能的分析探讨

本文采用织物风格仪对苎麻织物表面性能进行测定,对不同织物的表面风格进行了比较;并着重就27.8tex纯苎麻纱捻度与织物表面风格进行了实验。结果表明,苎麻纱线捻度与织物表面的摩擦系数呈抛物线关系,捻度过大或过小都将影响织物的表面手感。在纱线捻度T=595～624捻/m范围内,织物在其经、纬向上的静、动摩擦系数均较小,手感光滑。     

THE INFLUENCE OF COMBING ROLLER SPEED ON PURE RAMIE NOIL ROTOR YARN QUALITY AND SPINNING PERFORMANCE

This paper reports the optimum design of combing roller speed with reference to yielding 6-13 Ne(98.4—45.4 tex) pure ramie noil rotor-spun yarns. The universal rotatable composite design is adopted to get the highly precise regression equations, in which the variables are combing roller speed and yarn linear density considered to be the main technological parameters of combing roller and, the responses are the evaluation indexes concerning spinning stability, fiber length distribution of fibre ring from rotor groove and yarn properties. Based on these regression equations, the contours are plotted to analyse the influences of the parameters on the evaluation indexes; the optimization multicriteria mathematical model is simultaneously established to obtain the optimum parameters with the aid of Object Programming Approach along with Constrained Random Ray Method. Finally, an experiment is carried out to further test the acceptance of the calculated optimum values. It is shown that, for any yarn linear density within 6—13 Ne (98.4—45.4 tex), combing roller speed varying from 5000 to 9150 r/min affects content of extra-long fibre in fibre ring from rotor groove and yarn properties but does not significantly influence spinning stability; 7075 r/min, at which the SAQ-12 type of saw-toothed combing roller runs, is recommended to be the optimum combing roller speed for producing 6—13 Ne (98.4—45.4 tex) pure ramie noil yarns, where a compromise is achieved among the lowest content of extra-long fibre in fibre ring, the best spinning stability and the best yarn properties.     

苎麻纯落麻转杯纺分梳元件的研究——第一报:分梳辊型式和规格的模糊决策

本文应用模糊决策和模糊聚类分析相结合的处理模式。对苎麻纯落麻转杯纺适用的分梳辊型式和规格进行了研究。结果表明:此种处理模式有利于提高所得结论的可靠性与客观性,可应用于其它类似研究;纺制纯落麻转杯纱时,大工作角、大齿距、小齿高、细小齿形、光结度及耐磨性好的锯齿辊有利于改善纺纱性能和成纱质量;针辊是纯落麻转杯纺用分梳辊的发展方向。     

苎麻、亚麻包芯纱机械物理性能的研究

本文研究目的是探讨以低弹涤纶长丝为纱芯的苎麻和亚麻包芯纱,在不同捻系数和不同混和比的情况下,其机械物理性能变化规律。试验结果表明:包芯纱的断裂伸长率、断裂功和弹性恢复率均高于纯麻纱,乌氏条干均匀度有较明显改善,断裂强度低于纯麻纱。包芯纱断裂强度与捻系数间呈抛物线变化规律;断裂伸长率随捻系数增加而增加,弹性恢复率随捻系数增加而下降,两者均呈线性变化规律。捻系数对条干均匀度无明显影响。     

利用苎麻前处理工艺降低苎麻纺纱毛羽

通过试纺27.8tex纯麻纱,探讨和比较了前处理工艺中纤维素酶处理、碱变性、脱胶软麻油剂及其工艺等对苎麻成纱毛羽的影响,指出合理的前处理工艺是降低苎麻纺纱毛羽的有效途径.     

纤维素酶在苎麻针织物后整理加工中的应用

分析了苎麻针织物产生刺痒感的原因;并将裕中牌水洗酵素应用到苎麻针织物后整理中,探讨了该纤维素酶用于苎麻针织物酶处理时的合理工艺及其工艺条件。研究结果表明。该纤维素酶可以改善苎麻针织物的手感、柔软性及刺痒感,提高其服用性能;在苎麻织物后整理加工中具有广阔的应用前景。     

苎麻竹纤维功能性纺织面料研究

介绍了苎麻竹纤维的特点,用苎麻纱线与竹纤维纱线交织生产苎麻竹纤维织物,并对织物进行丝光、烧毛、低温等离子、生物酶抛光和防皱整理,研制的织物具有透气、挺刮、不贴身、抑菌、抗菌、易吸湿散湿、具有凉爽感和弹性感的特点,又增加了织物的悬垂感等布面光洁清晰,手感柔软,色泽鲜艳亮丽,具有丝绸般的风格.     

Development of simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers of ramie and comparison of SSR and inter-SSR marker systems

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. ) is an important bast fiber crop. To study genetic background of this species, we isolated and characterized microsatellite markers of ramie. A genomic library containing inserts of rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)fragments was constructed, and screened by PCR amplification using anchored simple sequence repeats as primers. A total of 26 clones were identified as positives, and 13 microsatellite loci were found after sequencing. The polymorphism of these 13 microsatellite loci was examined and the utility of simple sequence repeats (SSR) and inter-SSR (ISSR) marker systems for genetic characterization compared using 19 selected ramie cultivars. Both approaches successfully discriminated the 19 cultivars which differed in the amount of polymorphism detected. The level of polymorphism detected by SSR was 95.0 %, higher than that by ISSR (72.3 % ), but the average polymorphism information content (PIC) of ISSR (0. 651) was higher than that of SSR (0. 441). The higher PIC value of ISSR suggests that ISSR is more efficient for fingerprinting ramie cultivars than SSR markers. However, because the SSR loci are codominant, they are more suitable for determining the homozygosity levels of ramie, constructing linkage map, quantitative trait loci study of complex traits and marker-as-sisted selection.