IT Diffusion,Implementation and Assimilation in Micro-Businesses – an Exploratory Study Based on a Process Approach

An important limitation of the management information systems (MIS) literature concerns the lack of a process model to understand how a system is assimilated by the organization. We seek to contribute to this topic through studying ERP adoption in two Chilean restaurants. In this paper is proposed that adoption occurs as a process composed of four stages and, therefore, it is presented findings from three of them. We used action-research (AR) as a methodological framework. Two AR cycles were performed in each case. Qualitative data was collected from the field through video recording, interviews, observation and social network analysis. Analysis data was analyzed by comparing results within-cases and between-cases. Three conclusions were reached: (1) during the implementation, a user-system negotiation cycle occurs; (2) after assimilating, the system must be constantly confirmed, otherwise can be abandoned; (3) speed of assimilation by group users depends of degree of influence in the social group of early adopters. Interestingly, an innovative micro-business owner could become a barrier to successful assimilation of a system. Findings introduce a dissenting view to most studies that have found that involvement of management is always beneficial to the success of a technology project. Our findings show involvement of owner impacts a successful adoption, but this impact is not because that person is the owner, but because of their degree of influence on the social group. Conclusions of this study will be of interest to micro, small and medium-business owners because it shows the value of social structure of the organization as a determinant of the success of a technological project.     

Mobile Information and Communication Technology and Management of Business Changes in Construction Companies in Slovenia

In this paper, we are using the business process reengineering (BPR) concept together with the potentials of mobile information and communication technology (mobile ICT) to interpret the ability for better capturing of business changes that construction companies are faced with. Through our intensive examination of reengineering initiative in construction, we find that relatively low emphasis was placed on the opportunity to use information and communication technology (ICT) more progressively throughout the construction processes. We developed a methodological concept ‘Reengineering of the construction process (RCP-model)’ that captures the BPR philosophy as well as potentials of mobile ICT as technical background. Research assumptions were tested with the implementation of the proposed model in a concrete Construction Company in Slovenia. The reengineering project realization is defined from the viewpoint of the given implementation projects and exposure of the elements that affect adoption of BPR and enable evaluation of the attained results of company reorganization. Difficulties and milestones of the reengineering project, the importance of management and coordination of work are also stressed.     

基于复杂网络的网络市场新产品扩散:采用网络和初始条件的作用

运用复杂网络方法研究网络效应新产品扩散中采用网络结构和初始条件对扩散模式的作用.所有潜在采用主体位于一个复杂网络上,每个主体综合自己对新产品的偏好和邻居的决策决定是采用新产品还是继续等待,所有主体的决策共同决定新产品扩散模式.结果表明,网络结构的作用依赖于主体决策机制：对于创新市场,网络异质性阻碍了新产品扩散;对于替代市场,网络结构对扩散模式没有影响.初始采用比例增大导致稳态扩散比例增加,但边际作用单调下降.研究结果对管理采用网络和开发有效的新产品扩散战略有重要意义.     

Augmented reality system for aiding engineering design process of machinery systems

The paper presents the application of augmented reality for aiding product design and development of machinery systems.Augmented reality technology integrates an interactive computer-generated word with an interactive real word in such a way that they appear as one environment.AR technology can enhance a user's perception of the real world with information that is not actually part of the scene but is relevant to the user's present activity.Presented in the AR system is a mode for changing views of data-...     

社会关系网络密度对创新扩散的影响

从微观个体角度研究创新扩散是近年来创新扩散颁域的一个重要研究方向,本文运用复杂网络工具来精细刻画个体的微观结构,并以此研究了社会关系网络密度对创新扩散的影响.通过对原有阈值模型进行网络化扩展,结合创新扩散的两个基本渠道--传媒和口头交流.建立了基于复杂网络的随机阙值模型,利用计算机仿真模拟,测试了不同社会关系网络密度下的创新扩散程度,指出社会关系网络密度对创新扩散的影响取决于消费者对传媒网争社会关系网的依赖程度.     

消费者交互作用对网络效应产品扩散的影响——基于产品生命周期的视角

从消费者采用产品过程的生命周期(PLC)视角出发,运用微观扩散模型仿真分析消费者交互作用对网络效应产品扩散的影响.研究表明:消费者交互作用所产生的局部网络效应能够加快产品扩散早期和中期速度,而聚集效应则会降低产品扩散中期速度; 消费者之间交互强度越强,产品扩散中期速度越快; 全局交互型消费者则会降低产品扩散早期速度,但能提高产品扩散中期速度;且上述因素对网络效应产品PLC不同阶段扩散速度的影响还会由于消费者交互作用所形成的复杂社会网络结构差异而呈现不同模式.这些研究结论能够为网络外部性市场中企业的营销策略提供一定新启示.     

企业技术采纳时间的优化模型与模拟

运用动态规划的方法建立企业技术采纳时间的优化模型来研究技术的不确定性对企业技术采纳时间的影响,模型涉及的技术不确定性可用技术演化过程中新技术出现的速度和技术效率改进程度的不确定来表示;模型分析的结果表明了企业最优技术采纳时间(技术效率)与折现率、技术出现速度、技术提升程度、企业目前的技术效率和企业的产出弹性系数之间的关系;从技术不确定性的层面很好的解释了企业滞后采纳技术的行为;模型模拟验证了模型的有效性.     

Action Research on Operations Research for Street Children

This paper discusses an application of the CRASP model of Action Research (AR) on Operations Research (OR). The CRASP model portrays AR as a style of staff development that would lead to professionalism. It also advocates social responsibility, committed and informed action, and a critical approach. All of these concerns are inherent to the process of reflection and development characteristic of OR. As an OR practitioner I participate in this process of reflection and development and applied the CRASP model of AR in performing one application novel to OR, namely, OR for street children. Reflecting on this application of AR on OR for street children, some similarities between AR and OR surface, as well as some difficulties in applying AR on OR, thereby enriching both AR and OR. It is hoped that through collaborative reflection with other AR and OR practitioners, this paper will further our professional development.     

创新产品扩散的多阶段动态模型

本文在决策理论框架下应用动态分析方法建立了一个包括价格与广告影响因素的多阶段创新产品扩散模式.在耐用品情形下,扩散系统是稳定的,免费商品只能影响产品的扩散进程,但不能影响其最大采用数量.在重复购买情形下,并在一定条件下,扩散系统会趋向于创新产品与竞争产品共存.分析表明多阶段模型包括了Mesak模型与Bass模型为其特例.最后以Internet采用进行了实证分析,结果表明拟合比现有研究更加符合实际.     

基于社会资本理论的中小企业技术创新网络构建

社会资本能通过网络、信任和规范等核心要素使企业从与社会网络和其他社会结构的联系中获取利益。本文以企业社会资本理论为理论基础,分析了该理论与中小企业技术创新的关系,并针对中小企业技术创新面临的障碍,从社会资本角度探讨了中小企业技术创新网络的构建。     

一种复杂装备远程监测与协作诊断系统框架

分析了装备保障过程中远程监测和网络协作故障诊断技术研究的必要性、意义和效益,提出了以公共对象请求代理体系结构(common object request broker architecture,CORBA)为基础的复杂装备网络化故障诊断体系的架构及其实现方案。系统采用现场总线技术组建测控子系统,实现了分布式监控;采用CORBA技术屏蔽了软硬件平台、数据库及网络协议上的异构性,并融入智能代理技术使之进一步具有监测诊断的智能性和自主性;采用KIF实现了知识的共享和重用;采用移动计算技术提高了计算效率。整个系统具有经济、开放、安全、可靠等特点。     

System optimization model of adoption of a new infrastructure with multi-resource and multi-demand sites

This study develops a conceptual system optimization model of adoption of a new infrastructure technology with multiple resource sites and multiple demand sites. With the model, this paper analyzes how the distance, spillover effect, demand, initial investment cost, and learning rate influence the adoption of the new infrastructure technology and presents optimization results of the model in different scenarios. The main findings of the study are: from the perspective of system optimization, (1) different distances among different resource-demand pairs will result in different adoption time of a new infrastructure; (2) technological spillover among different resource-demand pairs will accelerate the adoption of a new infrastructure; (3) it is hard to say that higher demand will pull faster adoption of a new infrastructure, and the optimal time of adopting of a new infrastructure is very sensitive to its technological learning rate.     

分散型可再生能源技术扩散中的收入效应研究

阻碍分散型可再生能源技术扩散的重要因素是其较高的采用成本,而随着居民收入水平的逐步增加,对这种新能 源技术的采用行为也越来越普遍.基于元胞自动机技术,考虑到绝对收入水平和相对收入水平对居民采用行为的影响 机制,将元胞划分为潜在者、等待者和采用者三种状态并定义了相互间的转化概率,建立了收入影响下的分散型可再 生能源技术扩散模型.通过与太阳能热水器扩散数据的对比证明了模型的合理性,仿真分析表明,相对收入系数与等待元 胞转化概率成反比,与采用元胞转化概率成正比,潜在者相对收入系数变动的边际贡献小于等待者;此外,研究还发 现采用示范效应和收入敏感度是在特定收入范围内而非收入最大值区域是最优的,初始采用元胞收入水平高低对 扩散进程没有显著的促进作用.这些结论对可再生能源技术推广和企业市场营销决策都有着积极的借鉴意义.     

户外增强现实系统关键技术及其应用的研究

增强现实技术是虚拟现实技术发展的一个重要分支，具有虚实结合、实时交互、三维注册的新特点，户外增强现实系统是近年来增强现实技术方面的一个新的研究方向，建立一个成功的户外增强现实系统的的最大障碍是缺少在户外条件下的准确跟踪技术。本文分析了实现户外增强现实系统的关键技术及其与室内增强现实系统的区别并讨论了户外增强现实系统的进展及应用。     

移动电商顾客购买行为——基于拓展BG/NBD模型的实证研究

基于移动渠道的特征，拓展了客户关系管理领域具有代表性的BG/NBD模型，通过在模型中引入协变量，并考虑不同交叉购买行为下，分析移动客户和传统线上客户在购买率和流失率上的差异。进一步，以2012~2014年京东商城上19189名客户购买数据为分析单位，对拓展模型进行估计和分析。研究结果表明：移动客户的购买率要显著高于传统线上客户购买率，而且移动客户的流失率显著低于传统线上客户的流失率。同时发现，交叉购买行为对上述关系具有显著的调节作用：在有交叉购买行为的情况下，移动客户与传统线上客户无论是在购买率还是流失率上的差异要比没有交叉购买行为下的差异更显著。     

基于社会学习的创新扩散模型构建与实证

研究异质消费者的社会学习效应和创新扩散模型对于创新企业具有重要意义. 根据社会学习的主体认知过程和消费者网络结构的线上线下差异性, 构建两阶段社会学习（TSSL）模型和线上线下（O2O）学习模型, 探索多层次网络叠加条件下的扩散规律, 弥补传统扩散模型和社会网络分析的仿真方法缺陷. 针对我国图书发行扩散数据进行实证研究发现, 基于消费者网络的创新扩散模型较好地拟合样本数据; 在图书发行扩散中消费者的社会学习效应发挥重要作用; 基于消费者网络的创新扩散模型表明, 各图书产品面对消费者网络拓扑结构的非一致性, 揭示各产品消费者群体创新采纳的学习影响机制差异性, 研究结果有益于深入了解创新产品扩散的内部规律及制定针对性的营销策略.     

基于个人创新性相对指标的修正微观决策创新扩散模型

针对微观决策的创新扩散模型的随机游走过程中,新信息传递的创新性能难以实际度量的问题,构建用于描述采纳时间先后顺序的个人创新性相对指标.借鉴Rogers依据采纳时间横向划分五类采纳人群的方法,明确个体所属的采纳类型,为不同类型的采纳者采取不同对策提供依据.以安全系统开发的创新扩散过程为实际应用案例,将人群按管理角色纵向划分为三类,对比分析每类管理角色的采纳时间特征,说明了个人创新性相对指标的应用方法,并通过实证研究验证其合理性.     

科技进步与道德建设良性互动的系统分析

科技和道德都是人类社会实践活动的产物，科技进步与道德建设相辅相成、相互促进，共同构成一个良性互动的系统。用系统分析的方法探讨科技进步与道德建设的良性互动关系，并试图构建实现二者协调发展的互动机制。     

时序网络视角下网络舆情的演化模型研究

随着对社交媒体的研究深入,平台用户之间的社会关系网络为动态的时序网络逐步得到认同。为了对比并分析时序网络下舆情扩散的过程和结果,采用计算机仿真的分析方法,通过构建时序网络,并采用SIR模型作为舆情扩散的信息扩散模型。多智能体仿真结果表明,舆情扩散结果的不确定性一方面来自于时序网络的复杂网络结构和信息扩散模型,而另一方面则是源于将用户之间的社会关系网络看作是静态网络。通过参数分析确定了提高舆情扩散的思路和方向。     

基于信息传播理论的微博协同过滤推荐模型

高速发展的微博带来信息富余,也带来了信息过载,不断新增的非结构化微博文本内容和复杂的社会网络关系导致个性化推荐难以实施.针对微博网站特征,提出一种基于信息传播模拟的协同过滤推荐模型并给出推荐框架图,解决推荐的数据稀疏性和冷启动问题.首先,通过自然语言处理技术处理非结构化文本内容,获取关键词为推荐对象,构建用户-关键词偏好模型;然后,采用一阶马尔可夫随机游走模拟用户偏好在社会网络中的传播过程,得到用户-关键词偏好矩阵.实验使用来自新浪微博的数据集,采用平均绝对误差、准确率和召回率三个指标评价推荐模型,并与基准模型进行对比.实验结果表明,因整合了社会网络结构信息,基于信息传播的协同过滤推荐模型的效率比基准模型有明显提高.