Microstructure and mechanical properties of twin-wire arc sprayed Ni-Al composite coatings on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheet

We have systematically studied the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni-5wt%Al and Ni-20wt%Al composite coatings fabricated on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheet by twin-wire arc spraying under different experimental conditions. The abrasive wear behavior and interface diffusion behavior of the composite coatings were evaluated by dry/wet rubber wheel abrasive wear tests and heat treatment, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the composite coatings exhibit features of adhesive wear. Besides, the Vickers microhardness of NiAl and Ni₃Al intermetallic compounds is relatively larger than that of the substrate, which is beneficial for enhancing the wear resistance. With the increase of annealing temperature and time, the interface diffusion area between the Ni-Al coating and the substrate gradually expands with the formation of NiAl₃ and Ni₂Al₃ phases, and is controlled by diffusion of aluminum atoms. The grain growth exponent n of diffusion kinetics of the Ni-Al coating, calculated via a high-temperature diffusion model at 400, 480, and 550℃, is between 0.28 and 0.38. This satisfies the cubic law, which is consistent with the general theoretical relationship of high-temperature diffusion.     

Microstructure characteristics of Ni/WC composite cladding coatings

A multilayer tungsten carbide particle (WCp)-reinforced Ni-based alloy coating was fabricated on a steel substrate using vacuum cladding technology. The morphology, microstructure, and formation mechanism of the coating were studied and discussed in different zones. The microstructure morphology and phase composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In the results, the coating presents a dense and homogeneous microstructure with few pores and is free from cracks. The whole coating shows a multilayer structure, including composite, transition, fusion, and diffusion-affected layers. Metallurgical bonding was achieved between the coating and substrate because of the formation of the fusion and diffusion-affected layers. The Ni-based alloy is mainly composed of γ-Ni solid solution with finely dispersed Cr₇C₃/Cr₂₃C₆, CrB, and Ni+Ni₃Si. WC particles in the composite layer distribute evenly in areas among initial Ni-based alloying particles, forming a special three-dimensional reticular microstructure. The macrohardness of the coating is HRC 55, which is remarkably improved compared to that of the substrate. The microhardness increases gradually from the substrate to the composite zone, whereas the microhardness remains almost unchanged in the transition and composite zones.     

反应等离子熔覆复合材料涂层的耐磨性研究

以Fe—Cr—C合金粉末为原料,采用反应等离子熔覆技术,在45号钢表面制得以原位生成初生相（Cr,Fe）7C3为增强相的新型陶瓷复合材料涂层。利用SEM、XRD、EDS和显微硬度计等分析了涂层的显微组织和硬度,分别在室温干滑动磨损及高温滑动磨损条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性,并讨论了其磨损机理。结果表明,涂层组织包括（Cr,Fe）7C3增强相和γ－Fe固溶体与少量（Cr,Fe）7C3构成的共晶;该涂层在室温干滑动磨损和高温滑动磨损条件下均具有优异的耐磨性。     

Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Cr7C3/γ-Fe Ceramal Composite Coating Fabricated by Plasma Cladding

A new type in situ Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating was fabricated on substrate of hardened and tempered grade C steel by plasma cladding with Fe-Cr-C alloy powders. The ceramal composite coating has a rapidly solidified microstructure consisting of primary Cr7C3/γ- and the Cr7C3/γ-Fe eutectics, and is metallurgically bonded to the degree C steel substrate. The corrosion resistances of the coating in water solutions of 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and 3.5% NaCl were evaluated utilizing the electrochemical polarization corrosion-test method. Because of the inherent excellent corrosion-resisting properties of the constituting phase and the rapidly solidified homogeneous microstructure, the plasma clad ceramal composite coating exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in the water solutions of 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and 3.5% NaCl.     

镍基纳米Al2O3粉末复合电刷镀镀层的耐磨性

为了进一步提高刷镀层的耐磨性 ,在 4 5 #钢基体上刷镀含有纳米 Al2 O3粉末的镍基复合镀层。通过光学金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对镀层显微组织进行分析 ,用显微硬度计测定了镀层和基体的硬度 ,在 SRV磨损试验机上进行了磨损试验 ,用表面形貌仪测量了镀层磨损量。试验结果表明 ,加入纳米 Al2 O3粉末的复合镀层的硬度要比单纯的致密镍镀层的硬度高。随着纳米 Al2 O3粉末加入量的增加 ,复合镀层硬度逐渐提高。含纳米 Al2 O3粉末的镍基复合镀层与单纯致密镍镀层相比 ,具有更高的耐磨性 ,将有广泛的应用前景。     

堆焊Mo-Cr-Fe-B合金覆层的组织及性能研究

采用自制Mo-Cr-Fe-B系药芯焊丝通过堆焊法在Q235钢基体表面制备覆层。借助光学显微镜、SEM、XRD、EDS、显微硬度计、磨损试验机等对覆层及结合界面的组织结构、物相、硬度分布及耐磨性进行了表征与分析,并研究了覆层堆焊成型的反应过程。结果表明,覆层主要由Mo_2FeB_2、M_3B_2(M:Mo、Cr、Fe)、Fe_2B、Fe(Cr、Mo)等相组成,覆层与钢基体结合良好,在覆层-钢基体界面结合处有元素的扩散,覆层硬度最高可达980HV0.5且耐磨性良好。     

Fe3(Si1-x,Alx)金属间化合物的制备及其力学性能研究

采用真空电弧熔炼退火制备了Fe3(Si1-x,Alx)(x=0.2,0.4,0.6)Fe3Si基金属间化合物.通过XRD和SEM对制备出的试样进行表征,同时对其显微硬度、压缩强度及弯曲强度等力学性能进行了综合分析.结果表明,Fe3(Si1-x,Alx)金属间化合物仍然保持Fe3Si物相不变.Al的合金化改性降低了Fe3Si金属间化合物的显微硬度,有利于改善Fe3Si的脆性.Fe3(Si0.67,Al0.33)表现出较Fe3Si高的抗压和抗弯强度,这是其适中的有序度值与变形过程中加工硬化作用的综合结果.Fe3(Si1-x,Alx)表现出明显的二次解理特征,这利于断裂过程中裂纹能量的释放,从而提高其强度.     

氩弧熔敷原位自生WC复合涂层组织及耐磨性

为提高采煤机中截齿的耐磨性能,利用氩弧熔敷技术,在35CrMnSi钢表面制备WC增强Ni基复合涂层。利用OM、SEM、XRD和EDS分析复合涂层的显微组织,采用显微维氏硬度仪测试复合涂层的显微硬度,并测试涂层在室温磨损条件下的耐磨性能。结果表明：氩弧熔敷涂层组织均匀致密,熔敷涂层与基体呈冶金结合,主要由WC、W：C、T—Ni、（Fe,Cr）23,C6等物相组成;WC颗粒呈弥散分布,颗粒尺寸为1txm;熔敷涂层可以改善基体的表面硬度,最高显微硬度可达12．6GPa;熔敷涂层在室温冲击磨粒磨损实验条件下,具有优异的耐磨性,磨损机制主要是磨粒磨桶．其耐磨性较35CrMnSi基体提高近12倍。     

TC4合金氩弧熔覆TiN复合涂层的组织及耐磨性

为提高钛合金表面性能,以TiN粉和Ti粉为原料,利用氩弧熔覆技术,在TC4合金表面成功制备出TiN增强Ti基复合涂层。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分析了熔覆涂层的显微组织和物相组成;利用显微硬度仪、摩擦磨损试验机测试了复合涂层的显微硬度和室温干滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性能。结果表明:氩弧熔覆涂层组织均匀致密,熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,熔覆涂层主要由TiN棒状树枝晶和TiN颗粒组成,复合涂层明显改善了TC4合金的表面硬度,涂层的最高显微硬度可达9.5 GPa;复合涂层在室温干滑动磨损实验条件下具有优异的耐磨性,磨损机制主要是磨粒磨损,其耐磨性较TC4合金基体提高近9倍。     

Characterization and wear behavior of WC-0.8Co coating on cast steel rolls by electro-spark deposition

To prepare high wear resistance and high hardness coatings, electro-spark deposition was adopted for depositing an electrode of a mixture of 92wt%WC+8wt%Co on a cast steel roll substrate. The coating was characterized by classical X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The results indicate that the coating shows nanosized particulate structure and dendritic structure including columnar structure and equiaxed structure. The primary phases of the coating contain Fe₃W₃C, Co₃W₃C, Fe₂C and Si₂W. The coating has a low friction coefficient of 0.13, its average wear-resistance is 3.3 times that of the cast steel roll substrate and the main mechanism is abrasive wear. The maximum microhardness value of the coating is about 1573.9 Hv_0.3. The study reveals that the electro-spark deposition process has the characteristic of better coating quality and the coating has higher wear resistance and hardness.     

Microstructure and wear resistance of PTA clad Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating

A wear resistant Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating was fabricated on substrate of the hardening and tempering C degree steel by PTA (plasma transferred arc) cladding with (wt%) Fe-25Cr-7C elemental powder blends. Microstructure of the coating was characterized by OM, SEM, XRD and EDS. Wear resistance of the coating was tested under dry sliding wear condition at room temperature. The results indicate that the PTA clad ceramal composite coating has a rapidly solidified fine microstructure consisting of Cr7C3 primary particles uniformly distributed in the γ-Fe matrix and is metallurgically bonded to the C degree steel substrate. The PTA clad Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating has high hardness and excellent wear resistance under dry sliding wear test conditions. The excellent wear resistance of the Cr7C3/γ-Fe ceramal composite coating is attributed to the coating's high hardness, strong covalent atomic bonding and refined microstructure.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni-based composite coatings reinforced by in situ synthesized TiB2 + TiC by laser cladding

A Ni-based composite coating reinforced by in situ synthesized TiB₂ and TiC particles was fabricated on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding. An attempt was made to correlate the thermodynamic predictions and experimental observation. The microstructure and the microhardness profile across the coating were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and a hardness tester. It is found that the coating mainly consists of a large number of reinforcements (black blocky TiB₂, flower-like or equiaxial TiC, and fine acicular CrB) and the γ matrix. The hardness of TiB₂, TiC, and CrB reinforcements is much higher than that of the γ matrix. The dispersive distribution of such high hardness reinforcements causes the increase in hardness of the whole coating. The average value of the hardness is approximately Hv_0.2 700 in the coating. The hardness of the coating is obviously higher than that of the substrate due to the dispersion strengthening of reinforcements.     

Fabrication of an r-Al2Ti intermetallic matrix composite reinforced with α-Al2O3 ceramic by discontinuous mechanical milling for thermite reaction

In this study, a powder mixture with an Al/TiO2 molar ratio of 10/3 was used to form an r-Al2Ti intermetallic matrix composite (IMC) reinforced withα-Al2O3 ceramic by a novel milling technique, called ...     

载荷对纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

用脉冲电沉积技术制备表面平整光亮的纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层.采用XRD、TEM、SEM、EDS等方法研究了纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层的微观组织结构、表面形貌和合金成分.研究了干滑动摩擦条件下纳米晶镀层的摩擦磨损性能、磨损后的组织结构和硬度的变化.结果表明：纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层的晶体结构为单相面心立方结构.镀层的摩擦系数和磨损量随着摩擦载荷的提高而增大,即镀层的耐磨性随载荷的提高而下降.摩擦磨损使纳米晶Co-Ni-Fe合金镀层发生晶粒长大,摩擦载荷越大,磨损后镀层的硬度越低.     

镍基纳米SiC复合镀层的摩擦学性能

为研究镍基纳米 Si C复合镀层的摩擦学性能 ,在A3钢板上制备了该镀层 ,利用扫描电镜对镀层显微组织进行观察 ,通过纳米显微力学探针测量镀层微区硬度 ,在 MM-2 0 0摩擦磨损试验机上对镀层进行磨损试验 ,研究阴极电流密度、温度和镀液中 Si C浓度等主要工艺参数对镀层耐磨性能的影响。结果表明 :Si C颗粒在镀层中分布均匀 ;Si C颗粒附近镀层的硬度是纯镍镀层的 3倍 ,但随着远离 Si C,复合镀层硬度明显下降 ;复合镀层的耐磨性能与普通镍镀层相比有较大幅度的提高 ,在油润滑条件下磨损体积为普通镍镀层的 1/ 8。     

铸造1060/AZ31包铝镁合金界面结构与显微组织

为探索和改善轧制包铝镁合金板的界面结合状况,用气体保护铸造法制备了1060铝板包覆AZ31镁合金铸锭．借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及X射线衍射等分析方法,研究了复合铸锭芯材及界面的显微组织和相结构,并进行了硬度测试．发现AZ31镁合金芯材组织由α-Mg基体以及沿晶界分布的不连续网状α-Mg＋p＋Mg17A112共晶体组成,是一种典型的铸造离异共晶组织．铸造包铝镁合金锭界面形成扩散溶解层,扩散溶解层由α-Mg固溶体层、共晶层（α-Mg＋β＋Mg17A112）、β-Mg17A112及A1Mg化合物层组成,形成具有多层结构的冶金结合界面．提出了浇注AZ31熔体的瞬间在1060铝板表面形成“熔池”并快速凝固的界面形成机制．     

Microstructure of Ni–Al powder and Ni–Al composite coatings prepared by twin-wire arc spraying

Ni–Al powder and Ni–Al composite coatings were fabricated by twin-wire arc spraying (TWAS). The microstructures of Ni-5wt%Al powder and Ni-20wt%Al powder were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the obtained particle size ranged from 5 to 50 μm. The morphology of the Ni–Al powder showed that molten particles were composed of Ni solid solution, NiAl, Ni₃Al, Al₂O₃, and NiO. The Ni–Al phase and a small amount of Al₂O₃ particles changed the composition of the coating. The microstructures of the twin-wire-arc-sprayed Ni–Al composite coatings were characterized by SEM, EDS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the main phase of the Ni-5wt%Al coating consisted of Ni solid solution and NiAl in addition to a small amount of Al₂O₃. The main phase of the Ni-20wt%Al coating mainly consisted of Ni solid solution, NiAl, and Ni₃Al in addition to a small amount of Al and Al₂O₃, and NiAl and Ni₃Al intermetallic compounds effectively further improved the final wear property of the coatings. TEM analysis indicated that fine spherical NiAl₃ precipitates and a Ni–Al–O amorphous phase formed in the matrix of the Ni solid solution in the original state.     

Microstructural characterization of as-cast and homogenized 2D70 aluminum alloy

The microstructure of the as-cast 2D70 aluminum alloy and its evolution during homogenization were investigated by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The results indicate that the microstructure of the as-cast 2D70 aluminum alloy mainly consists of the dendritic network of aluminum solid solution and intermetallic compounds (Al₂CuMg, Al₂Cu, Al₉FeNi, Cu₂FeAl₇, and Al₇Cu₄Ni). After conventional homogenization, Al/Al₂CuMg eutectic phases are dissolved into the matrix, and a small amount of high melting-point eutectic Al/Al₂Cu phases exist in the matrix, resulting in an increase in the starting melting temperature. Under double homogenization, the high melting point Al/Al₂Cu phases are dissolved, and no obvious change is observed for the size and morphology of Al₉FeNi, Cu₂FeAl₇, and Al₇CuaNi compounds.     

原位生成TaB_2颗粒增强镍基复合涂层的组织与耐磨性

以Ta粉、B粉和Ni60A粉为原料,利用氩弧熔覆技术在Q235钢基体表面制备原位生成TaB_2颗粒以增强Ni基复合涂层。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计以及摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层的显微组织、物相、显微硬度以及涂层耐磨性进行分析研究。结果表明,镍基复合涂层形成良好,没有气孔和裂纹等缺陷,涂层与基体呈现良好的冶金结合。熔覆层由原位生成的TaB_2颗粒相、Fe-Cr相及Cr_7C_3相组成。TaB_2颗粒弥散分布在基体上,氩弧熔覆涂层的平均显微硬度达到11.50 GPa,比基体Q235钢提高约4倍。在室温干滑动磨损条件下,该熔覆涂层的耐磨性比基体提高约12倍。     

氩弧熔覆原位合成ZrC-TiB2/Fe基复合涂层组织与耐磨性

为提高钢材料表面性能,以Ti、Zr、B4C和Fe等粉末为原料,采用氩弧熔覆技术,在Q345D钢表面制备出原位合成ZrC和TiB2颗粒增强Fe基复合涂层。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和滑动摩擦磨损实验机研究了熔覆层的显微组织、硬度和耐磨性。结果表明:熔覆层组织由方块状ZrC颗粒、长条状TiB2颗粒和α-Fe基体组成;熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,界面洁净无裂纹、气孔等缺陷;熔覆层平均硬度(HV)为14 GPa;在室温干滑动摩擦磨损实验条件下,其耐磨性约为基体的18倍。该研究为原位合成ZrC和TiB2提供了新方法。