PAC/PDM复合混凝剂对冬季太湖原水的除藻性能研究

采用由聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)与聚合氯化铝(PAC)制成的系列稳定PAC/PDM复合混凝剂,用于冬季太湖原水的除藻性能研究.通过混凝除藻试验,考察了复合混凝剂加药量、PAC与PDM复配质量比例(20∶1—5∶1)、PDM特征黏度(0.55—3.99dL/g)对除藻性能的影响,探讨了使用复合混凝剂替代预加氯工艺的可行性及深度处理时复合混凝剂的除藻性能.结果表明:(1)对原水使用PAC、PAC/PDM(0.55/20∶1—3.99/5∶1)复合混凝剂后的余浊达到2NTU的水厂沉淀出水浊度标准时,其加药量分别为3.05mg/L、2.91—2.24mg/L,除藻率分别为85.95%、87.26%—92.28%;加药量为3.05mg/L时,其除藻率分别为85.95%、88.03%—96.00%,余浊分别为2.00NTU、1.55—0.53NTU.(2)对加氯水的加药量为3.40mg/L时,PAC/PDM(1.53/10∶1)复合混凝剂对原水的处理效果优于PAC、PAC/PDM(0.55/20∶1)复合混凝剂对加氯水的处理效果;PAC/PDM(3.99/5∶1)复合混凝剂对原水的处理效果优于PAC、PAC/PDM(0.55/20∶1)、PAC/PDM(1.53/10∶1)复合混凝剂对加氯水的处理效果.(3)满足余浊1NTU的深度处理要求时,PAC/PDM(0.55/20∶1—3.99/5∶1)复合混凝剂比PAC减少藻含量11.2%—59.2%,节省加药量6.7%—26.3%.因此,PAC/PDM复合混凝剂与PAC相比,余浊达标时节省加药量,加药量相等时提高处理效果.使用PAC/PDM复合混凝剂可以替代预氯化工艺中混凝除藻作用的部分功能,且是未来深度处理时有效的技术储备.     

PAC/PDM对夏季太湖预氯化高藻水的除藻效能

用聚氯化铝(PAC)与聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)制成系列稳定型PAC/PDM复合药剂,研究其对夏季太湖预氯化高藻水的除藻效能。通过烧杯混凝除藻实验,考察了PDM质量分数(5%～20%)与特征黏度(0.55～3.99 dL/g)不同的复合药剂对除藻效能以及沉淀出水COD和NH-N3的影响。结果表明,对温度29～30℃,浊度34～37 NTU,藻细胞密度6.24×104个/mL的加氯水,使用PAC、PAC/PDM(0.55/5%～3.99/20%)复合药剂后的余浊达到2NTU的水厂沉淀出水浊度标准时,其加药量(Al2O3计)分别为7.69、5.55～3.32 mg/L,除藻率分别为89.50%、91.54%～94.01%。复合药剂对加氯水COD和NH-N3的去除率比单独使用PAC时明显提高。因此,PAC/PDM复合药剂可明显提高PAC对夏季太湖加氯水的除藻效能,与单独使用PAC相比,沉淀出水余浊达标时节省加药量,加药量相等时提高除藻处理效果,改善出水水质。     

复合混凝剂中PDM对PAC铝形态分布影响

选用3种盐基度的聚合氯化铝(PAC)分别与聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)制成系列复合混凝剂PAC/PDM,研究了PDM特征黏度、PAC与PDM质量配比对复合混凝剂中盐基度、铝形态分布的影响及其与混凝性能的关联.分别采用酸碱滴定法、Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法和混凝烧杯试验对复合混凝剂的盐基度、铝形态分布和混凝性能进行了考察.结果表明,在试验范围内,随着PDM特征黏度由0.87dL/g增加至3.79dL/g,或PAC/PDM质量配比由20∶1减小至5∶1,未观察到复合混凝剂的盐基度和铝形态分布有明显变化;而混凝试验结果表明,针对所选模拟原水,当余浊下降至6NTU时,复合混凝剂PAC/PDM(2.88/10∶1)能使PAC投加量减少19.2%—19.5%;随PDM特征黏度由0.87增加至3.79dL/g,絮团尺寸和沉降速率增加;随PAC/PDM质量配比由20∶1减少到5∶1,PAC投加量减少15.9%—19.9%,因此PDM能明显提高PAC的混凝性能,且随着复合混凝剂中PDM特征黏度增加,或者PAC/PDM质量比例降低,混凝效果都得以增强.由此可见,复合混凝剂中PDM对PAC盐基度和铝形态分布的影响与其优越的强化混凝性能未有直接的关联性.     

AS/PDM复合混凝剂在秋季长江水脱浊处理中的应用

采用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)与硫酸铝(AS)复合制得的稳定型复合混凝剂,进行秋季微污染长江水强化混凝脱浊处理。通过混凝烧杯实验,探讨了AS/PDM复合配比、PDM特征黏度对脱浊效果及沉淀性能的影响。结果表明:对温度为16～18℃,浊度为60～70 NTU的秋季微污染长江水,在确定的搅拌条件下,沉淀30 min,沉淀出水达到6.0 NTU的浊度标准,此时需要2.43 mg/L的AS投加量;对于AS与PDM的质量比分别为20∶1,10∶1,5∶1的复合混凝剂,随特征黏度的增加(依次为0.52,1.53,2.47 dL/g)各需2.25～2.00,1.97～1.85,1.59～1.66 mg/L的铝盐投加量,相对于AS单独处理,分别减少投加量7.41%～17.70%,18.93%～23.87%,34.57%～31.69%。若需使沉淀池出水达到2 NTU左右,需3.93 mg/L的AS投加量,AS/PDM复合混凝剂需3.79～3.05 mg/L的铝盐投加量,相对于AS单独处理减少投加量3.56%～22.39%。PDM明显改善了AS的混凝脱浊效果,提高了絮体密实度与沉淀性能。同时,AS/PDM的复合配比越低,P...     

PDM复合混凝剂用于低温低浊宁波北渡水处理

采用不同质量分数的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDM)分别与聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS),硫酸铝(AS)3种无机混凝剂复合对宁波市冬季低温低浊北渡水的强化混凝脱浊进行处理.通过混凝烧杯实验,探讨了无机混凝剂的种类、PDM质量分数等因素对低温低浊北渡水脱浊效果的影响.结果表明,对温度为8～13 ℃,浊度为6～13 NTU的低温低浊北渡水,在与宁波某水厂实际生产相近的混凝强度下,PDM助凝脱浊效果明显,且PDM质量分数越高,复合混凝剂脱浊效果越好.要达到2 NTU的沉淀池出水浊度标准,AS,PAC,PFS质量浓度分别需达到6.0,8.5,9.0 mg/L.使用PDM质量分数为5%,10%,20%的AS/PDM,PAC/PDM,PFS/PDM复合混凝剂投加量相对于原有无机药剂分别约减少8%～20%,12%～40%,11%～27%.若需达到1 NTU沉淀池出水余浊的标准,使其满足深度处理生产工艺要求,复合混凝剂依然可发挥良好的作用.     

聚合氯化铝/PDM复合混凝剂对冬季太湖预加氯水的处理研究

用特征黏度系列化的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDM）与聚合氯化铝（PAC）复合得到稳定的复合混凝剂,通过混凝烧杯实验,考察了复合混凝剂对冬季低温预加氯太湖水的脱浊效果及絮团沉淀性能。结果表明,对浊度为25～26NTU,温度为5～9℃的太湖水,在预加氯工艺基础上,达到现有2NTU沉淀池出水的浊度标准的情况下,PAC需投加量3．29mg／L,而PAC／PDM质量复合比例分别为5：1、10：1、20：1的复合混凝剂所需PAC投加量随PDM特征黏度0．55dL／g、1．53dL／g、2．47dL／g的增加为2．66～2．53mg／L,2．81～2．68mg／L,2．98～2．79mg／L,相对于PAC减少投加量19．15％～23．10％,14．59％～18．54％,9．42％～15．20％。在为将来深度处理作技术准备,沉淀出水浊度要求提高至1NTU的情况下,PAC投加量需4mg／L以上的投加量,而质量复合比例为20：1～5：1的PAC（以Al2O3计）／PDM复合混凝剂需3．90～3．16mg／L的投加量。结果表明：以现有原水预加氯工艺为基础,PDM可以明显提高PAC的混凝脱浊效果,且PAC／PDM复合配比越低,PDM特征黏度越高,复合混凝剂的脱浊效果与沉淀性能越好。     

PAC/PDMDAAC复合混凝剂用于冬季太湖水强化混凝工艺中试放大研究

在中试制水生产线上以3t/h的制水量规模对聚合氯化铝(PAC)-聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)复合混凝剂用于冬季低温太湖水强化混凝工艺的中试放大效应进行了研究分析.结果表明,对水温2~5℃,浊度9~20NTU,藻含量0.7×104~2.0×104个/m L的冬季低温太湖水,达到2NTU的水厂对沉淀出水浊度的要求,使用PAC/PDMDAAC复合混凝剂可比使用PAC减少投加量20.00%~35.00%,同时除藻率尚可提高1.25%~1.88%;在相同投加量情况下,使用PAC单独处理沉淀出水浊度达到2NTU时,使用PAC/PDMDAAC(1.53/10%~3.32/20%)复合混凝剂相对于使用PAC可降低沉淀池出水浊度22.09%~39.75%,同时提高除藻率2.78%~4.41%.对未来可能的1NTU深度处理沉淀出水浊度要求,使用PAC/PDMDAAC相对于PAC可减少投加量33.33%~44.44%,同时除藻率还可提高1.54%~2.38%.特别地,仍保持复合混凝剂中含PDMDAAC质量分数高或者特征黏度大,强化混凝工艺混凝效能越高的特征.由此可见,采用PAC/PDMDAAC复合混凝剂强化混凝工艺的脱浊、除藻、减铝盐投加量等在混凝烧杯实验中所体现出的效能,在3t/h水量中试生产条件下,得到成功放大.     

水处理的新型混凝剂

混凝剂是吸附、凝聚原水中悬浮杂质和胶体物质,使其加速沉降的净水药剂。目前自来水厂常用的混凝剂有硫酸铝、明矾、绿矾和三氯化铁等,助凝剂有氯、生石灰、泡花碱和骨胶等。这些混凝剂虽然处理效果还可以,然而耗药量较大,出水余浊较高,制水成本较贵。我国自无产阶级文化大革命以来就开始了研制和使用新型混凝剂的工作。下面介绍两种新型的混凝剂,供有关单位参考:一、聚合氯化铝(碱式氯化铝):是一种无机高分子化合物、其分子式为[A_2(OH)     

复合铝混凝剂CPAC强化混凝去除藻类试验研究

以三氯化铝和有机高分子PGA为原料,制备了复合混凝剂CPAC,并探讨了该种混凝剂对含藻水的强化混凝去除作用.结果表明:复合混凝剂混凝效果优于单独的无机混凝剂PAC,当混凝剂投加量(以Al质量计)为4.5 mg/L时,PAC的浊度去除率为84.3%,而CPAC的浊度去除率达到93.1%;CPAC对高浊度原水的去除效果好于低浊度原水,当原水浓度从30 NTU提高到1 000 NTU时,混凝剂投加量为4.5 mg/L,其浊度去除率相应的由81%提高到98.2%;混凝剂最挂投加量约为4.5 mg/L,在此浓度下,浊度和叶绿素a 的去除率达到最高,分别为93.1%和82.5%;pH在5.0～9.0范围内,混凝效果均比较稳定.     

锰铜复合除藻剂灭活铜绿微囊藻效能研究

以高锰酸盐和酸溶氯化亚铜复配制备了锰铜复合除藻剂(MCC),通过静态实验研究MCC对铜绿微囊藻的去除效果及药效时间,考察了MCC除藻对水样pH值的影响,探讨其作为新型除藻剂的可行性. 结果表明:铜试剂A与锰试剂B的最佳复配比为0.5～1.5∶1.0;投药10d内浊度、OD420和叶绿素a去除率分别为67.82%,77.98%和97.04%;投药16d后浊度降到6.16NTU,叶绿素a降到1.048μg·L-1,去除率分别达到77.40%和99.48%;水样pH值随MCC中铜试剂的增加而降低,在最佳复配比时,pH值在7～8之间. 该研究为新型除藻剂的研发奠定了基础.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.