拟南芥谷氨酰tRNA合成酶（AtGluRS）与受ABA调控基因的表达分析

通过对AtGluRS转基因植株的生理观察以及对ABA相关基因在转录水平的检测，发现ABA相关基因HB6，NCED3，LTI65的表达量受到GluRS的影响，揭示出GluRS对ABA信号通路的调控作用，并推测AtGluRS通过对ABA合成途径的调节，从而实现对信号通路的调控.     

AtNCED3及AtAAO3基因启动子功能分析及其驱动CHS基因表达

NCED3及AAO3系ABA信号积累的关键基因,其转录调控研究是细胞ABA信号精细调节及植物抗逆分子机制阐明的关键.通过NCED3及AAO3启动子结构与功能的分析,建立了NCED3及AAO3启动子驱动CHS基因表达受干旱诱导致烟草花色变化的体系.     

拟南芥中与ABA信号途径相关的两个同源未知基因的研究

本研究主要在实验室前期筛选出的两个编码同源未知基因AB(AB025622)和AC(AC023628)所构建的拟南芥过量表达和抑制表达转基因植株基础上对转AB基因拟南芥的生理性状进行初步分析以及在转录水平上分AB、AC和ABI1、ABI2在ABA影响下其表达情况.研究证明AB基因的过量表达导致植株对ABA不敏感,失水率增加,而AB的抑制表达导致植株对ABA敏感,降低了植株的失水率.初步证实AB参与ABA信号传导.此外,通过RNA的半定量分析可知在转录水平上AB、AC和ABI1、ABI2的表达量都受ABA诱导变化,证明ABA对野生型拟南芥植株生理性状的影响与控制AB、AC和ABI1、ABI2内源表达量有密切联系.     

拟南芥SnRK2.2/2.3激酶参与调节镉胁迫响应的机制探究

为探究拟南芥SnRK2.2和SnRK2.3基因对Cd胁迫响应的分子机制. 以野生型（WT）、双突变体SnRK2.2/2.3、过表达SnRK2.2和过表达SnRK2.3的转基因植物为材料,研究SnRK2.2和SnRK2.3基因与Cd胁迫响应的关系.发现过表达两个基因可以提高拟南芥对Cd的耐受性,表现为可以减少Cd、丙二醛（MDA）及活性氧（ROS）的累积量,增加抗氧化酶CAT、POD和SOD的活性. qRT PCR结果显示在Cd胁迫下,两种过表达植株中铁转运蛋白IRT1和转录因子FIT、bHLH038和bHLH039表达水平受到明显抑制,ABA合成相关基因AAO3和NCED3的表达量显著上调.在Cd胁迫下,两种过表达植株中ABA含量显著高于WT和双突变体. 以上结果表明：拟南芥遭受Cd胁迫时,SnRK2.2和SnRK2.3基因通过下调IRT1基因表达从而减少植物对Cd的吸收,同时通过增加内源ABA含量来缓解Cd对植物的毒害.     

拟南芥NCED3基因在水稻中的过量表达可以提高水稻的干旱胁迫耐受性

9-顺-环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶(NCED)是高等植物脱落酸(ABA)生物合成途径中的关键酶,其催化的裂解反应直接生成ABA的前体物质.本文应用拟南芥rd29A诱导型启动子和35S组成型启动子成功地将AtNCED3基因在水稻中过量表达,通过耐旱性筛选实验证明转基因水稻对干旱胁迫的耐受性有了显著提高,并且该优良性状在T2代中得到稳定遗传.进一步的分析表明,过量表达AtNCED3可以促进转基因水稻种子的休眠;在含rd29A诱导型启动子的转基因水稻中检测到ABA下游基因OsBZ8的表达;推测 AtNCED3在水稻中的过量表达可能会提高水稻中内源 ABA的水平,从而提高植株的耐旱性.     

Roles of a sustained activation of NCED3 and the synergistic regulation of ABA biosynthesis and catabolism in ABA signal production in Arabidopsis

ABA, acting as a stress signal, plays crucial roles in plant resistance to water stress. Because ABA signal production is based on ABA biosynthesis, the regulation of NCED, a key enzyme in the ABA biosynthesis pathway, is normally thought of as the sole factor controlling ABA signal production. Here we demonstrate that ABA catabolism in combination with a synergistic regulation of ABA biosynthesis plays a crucial role in governing ABA signal production. Water stress induced a significant accumulation of ABA, which exhibited different patterns in detached and attached leaves. ABA catabolism followed a temporal trend of exponential decay for both basic and stress ABA, and there was little difference in the catabolic half-lives of basic ABA and stress ABA. Thus, the absolute rate of ABA catabolism, i.e. the amount of ABA catabolized per unit time, increases with increased ABA accumulation. From the dynamic processes of ABA biosynthesis and catabolism, it can be inferred that stress ABA accumulation may be governed by a synergistic regulation of all the steps in the ABA biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, to maintain an elevated level of stress ABA sustained activation of NCED3 should be required. This inference was supported by further findings that the genes encoding major enzymes in the ABA biosynthesis pathway, e.g. NCED3, AAO3 and ABA3 were all activated by water stress, and with ABA accumulation progressing, the expressions of NCED3, AAO3 and ABA3 remained activated. Data on ABA catabolism and gene expression jointly indicate that ABA signal production is controlled by a sustained activation of NCED3 and the synergistic regulation of ABA biosynthesis and catabolism.     

蓝光抑制har1中胚轴伸长中ABA含量和相关基因的表达变化

分析了蓝光介导的高粱航空诱变突变体har1中胚轴伸长抑制过程中,蓝光信号途径关键组分基因SbCRY1 b、SbCOP1和SbHY5的表达水平变化,研究表明,har1对蓝光的超敏感可能与其中SbCRY1 b表达水平升高有关.外源ABA增加了蓝光对R111中胚轴的伸长抑制程度,抑制剂NAP(Naproxen)在一定程度上可以缓解蓝光对har1中胚轴的抑制.同时,蓝光处理后har1中胚轴中内源ABA含量增加程度较R111更为显著,初步表明ABA参与蓝光介导的高粱幼苗中胚轴伸长抑制反应.     

利用TAIL-PCR方法克隆拟南芥干旱主效基因NCED3

利用远红外成像技术筛选得到一株T-DNA插入的干旱敏感突变体,并成功利用TAII,PCR技术克隆到该突变基因为NCED3,该基因编码植物体内ABA合成的关键限速酶,突变体在干旱胁迫下不能合成ABA而表现出不耐干旱的特性.最后通过PCR及RT PCR方法验证了TAIL-PCR结果的的靠性.     

AhHDA1异源表达影响拟南芥植株干旱性

将花生组蛋白去乙酰化酶1基因(Arachis hygogaea histone deacetylase 1,AhHDA1)转化拟南芥野生型Col-0和突变体had6,对获得的纯合转基因植株进行抗旱性分析,并对ABA合成及相关响应基因表达进行检测.结果表明:AhHDA1蛋白定位于细胞核,在干旱条件下,与hda6突变体比较,p35S%HDA1/hda6拟南芥植株的叶片相对含水量降低,气孔开度增大,干旱存活率降低,基本回复了Col的表型;体内ABA合成关键酶基因At NCED3和ABA信号途径重要转录因子At ABF3基因的表达降低,但RD29A基因表达提高.而p35S%HDA1/Col较p35S%HDA1/hda6和Col的抗旱性关键生理指标降低更加显著.说明hda6突变体表型回复确实由于外源AhHDA1的表达引起的,推测AhHDA1影响植物抗旱性与ABA的合成与信号通路相关.     

拟南芥中ABA信号途径相关的一个未知基因的研究报告

对ABA信号作用途径中信号因子所发挥的功能以及它们所处的位置的研究工作,可以揭示出植物的逆境生理反应的原理.本研究利用酵母双杂交系统在拟南芥cDNA文库中筛选到的一个与ABI1和ABI2具有相互作用的未知蛋白质PCR7,分别构建了原核和真核表达载体,在大肠杆菌中表达和纯化了该蛋白质,并通过构建拟南芥过量表达和抑制表达转基因植株,以及对生理表型的研究初步证实了该基因的在ABA信号途径中起着负调控因子的作用.     

Expression pattern of GASA,downstream genes of DELLA,in Arabidopsis

Separation and functional research of related components involved in gibberellins （GAs） signaling are important to clarify the mechanism of GA functioning. Research on the downstream components of DELLA, the key factor of the GA signaling pathway, is limited at present. GASA （GA-Stimulated in Arabidopsis） family contains 15 genes usually regulated by GA in Arabidopsis thaliana. All GASA proteins have a cleavable signal peptide in N terminus and a conserved GASA domain including 12 cysteines in C terminus. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of GASA4 and GASA6 were down-regulated, but GASA 1 and GASA9 were up-regulated in the DELLA mutants, gai-t6 and rga-24, as well as the double mutant, consisting with the results that GASA4 and GASA6 were induced, but GASA1 and GASA9 were inhibited by exogenous GA3. In addition, the expression patterns of other GASA genes were regulated by GA and ABA, separately or cooperatively. Most of GASA genes were expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and developing siliques. GUS gene driven by the promoters of GASA6, GASA7, GASA8, GASA9, GASAIO, GASA11 and GASA12were used as reporters and it was found that all GASA genes expressed in the growing and differentiating organs and abscission zones, suggesting the role of these genes in cell growth and differentiation. This study provided an important basis for functional study of the GASA gene family in the GA and ABA signaling pathway.     

Protein tyrosine phosphatase is possibly involved in cellular signal transduction and the regulation of ABA accumulation in response to water deficit in Maize L.coleoptile

Water deficit-induced ABA accumulation is an ideal model or “stimulus-response”system to investigate cellular stress signaling in plant cels,using such a model the cellular stress signaling triggered by water deficit was investigated in Maize L.coleoptile.Water deficit-induced ABA accumulation was sensitively blocked by NaVO3,a potent inhibitor both to plasma membrane H^ -ATPase(PM-H^ -ATPase)and protein tyrosine phosphatase(PTPase).However,while PM-H^ -ATPase activity was unaffected under water deficit and PM-H^ -ATPase activator did not induce an ABA accumulation instead of water deficit,water deficit induced an increase in the protein phosphatase activity,and furthermore,ABA accumulation was inhibited by PAO,a specific inhibitor of PTPase.These results indicate that protein phosphtases may be involved in the cellular signaling in response to water deficit.Further studies identifiled at least four species of protein phosphtase as assayed by using pNPP as substrate,among which one component was especially sensitive to NaVO3.The NaVO3-sensitive enzyme was purified and finally showed a protein band about 66kD on SDS/PAGE.The purified enzyme showed a great activity to some specific PTPase substrates at pH 6.0.In addition to NaVO3,the enzyme was also sensitive to some other PTPase inhibitors such as Zn^2 and MO3^3 ,but not to Ca^2 and Mg^2 ,indicating that it might be a protein tyrosine phosphatase.Interestingly,the purified enzyme could be deactivated by some reducing agent DTT.which was previously proved to be an inhibitor of water deficit-induced ABA accumulation.This result further proved that PTPase might be involved in the cellular signaling of ABA accumulation in response to water deficit.     

拟南芥E3泛素连接酶AtARRE与ABI5相互作用分析

为了阐述AtARRE与ABA信号通路关键转录因子ABI5的作用,本研究采用原生质体瞬间表达系统探究了AtARRE蛋白的亚细胞定位,证明AtARRE蛋白定位于细胞核.随后,采用酵母双杂交和GST-Pull down技术分析了AtARRE与ABI5在体外的相互作用,证明AtARRE与ABI5在体外存在相互作用.最后,本研究采用双分子荧光互补实验进一步分析AtARRE与ABI5在体内的相互作用,结果表明共表达AtARRE与ABI5在植物体内存在相互作用.这些结果共同表明AtARRE可能参与了ABI5介导的植物对逆境的响应.     

水稻愈伤组织根分化过程相关基因的初步筛选

水稻愈伤组织在N6培养基上可以保持稳定的增殖而不分化,而培养在含有ABA的N6培养基上的愈伤组织就可以被诱导分化,进而形成根.根据这种生理学特征,分别提取了生长在两种不同培养基上的愈伤组织的RNA,与水稻cDNA芯片杂交.通过分析两种愈伤组织基因表达的差异,共找到271个与水稻愈伤组织根分化过程相关的cDNA克隆,其中107个基因表达被诱导,164个基因表达被抑制.这些初步结果为进一步研究愈伤组织分化生根的分子机理提供了研究线索.     

拟南芥CARK11参与ABA介导的生理功能研究

为了探究CARK11在ABA介导的生理进程中的具体作用,本研究以拟南芥哥伦比亚生态型(WT)、CARK11功能缺失突变体cark11和回补激酶丧失CARK11^N203A(com-CARK11m)以及过表达转基因株系(OE-CARK11)为研究对象,探究CARK11在种子萌发、幼苗形态构建、主根生长与干旱响应中发挥的作用.结果显示：相比WT,ABA促进了cark11和com-CARK11m的种子萌发、子叶变绿和主根伸长,而OE-CARK11被抑制. qRT-PCR检测RAB18和RD29a的表达量,发现过表达CARK11促进RAB18和RD29a表达;ABA处理后,这种促进作用更强.干旱实验发现,OE-CARK11耐旱性增加,而cark11和com-CARK11m耐旱性弱于WT.这些结果表明：CARK11作为ABA信号通路的正调控因子抑制拟南芥的种子萌发、子叶变绿和主根生长;同时在干旱胁迫中具有积极作用;另外CARK11在ABA信号途径中的功能依赖激酶活性.     

内切菊粉酶基因在毕赤酵母中的高水平表达研究

低聚果糖(Fructooligosaccharides,FOS)具有改善胃肠道环境、刺激和加强机体免疫反应、抑制肠道特定肿瘤的发生等生物活性.内切菊粉酶能够水解菊粉获得低聚果糖.为了实现内切菊粉酶的高表达,从无花果曲霉(Aspergillus ficuum ATCC16882)中克隆了内切菊粉酶编码基因INU2,并实现了在毕赤氏酵母中的重组分泌表达,摇瓶表达的酶活力为570.4U/mL.去除内切菊粉酶的内源性信号肽序列后,其重组表达水平显著提高,摇瓶表达的酶活力为1013.8U/mL,提高幅度77.7%.TLC分析表明:毕赤酵母重组表达的内切菊粉酶(不含内源性信号肽序列)能将2%长链菊粉水解为2～3个聚合度的低聚果糖.