超声辐照降解MC-RR动力学的影响因素

利用超声辐照技术降解水中微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR),考察MC-RR初始质量浓度、超声频率、初始pH值、声能密度以及水中几种典型阴离子对降解效果的影响并探讨其动力学机理。HPLC检测结果表明:超声辐照能有效降解MC-RR且与初始质量浓度无关;超声频率改变水中空化泡分布和特性,影响反应速率;pH值改变MC-RR存在形态和亲疏水性,pH从1.90到12.21变化时,降解速率常数k由0.400min-1降至0.082min-1;CO32-能阻碍MC-RR的降解,但NO3-,SO42-和Cl-对其无影响,其反应速率常数由大到小为:CO32-,NO3-,Cl-,SO24-;声能密度的提高对去除有利;反应符合准一级动力学。     

水中盐酸四环素的超声辐照降解研究

摘要：为了研究超声波对水溶液中盐酸四环素(TC•HCl)的降解作用,探讨了超声频率、功率、溶液初始浓度、pH值以及阴离子对其降解效果的影响。结果表明：超声技术可快速有效地降解水中TC•HCl。当pH为5.5左右、频率400 kHz、功率100W时,超声辐照20min后,1mg/L TC•HCl的去除率可达到88.17%。超声对TC•HCl的降解符合拟一级动力学模型。在试验所研究的范围内,TC•HCl的降解速率随超声功率的增大而提高,随初始浓度的增大而降低,并且存在一个最优的降解频率400 kHz。溶液pH值对降解效果影响很大,碱性条件更利于TC•HCl的降解。Cl-和SO42- 对TC•HCl降解略有抑制。NO3-离子对TC•HCl降解略有促进,而HCO3-、HPO42-促进作用显著。     

氯化聚丙烯超声降解的动力学

测定了不同浓度氯化聚丙烯(CPP)甲苯溶液超声降解的分子量,并用数据拟合法求出了聚合物超声降解极限分子量。由于常用的超声降解动力学方程对实验数据拟合的精度不能令人满意,为了准确建立CPP在甲苯溶液中的超声降解动力学方程,提出了一个改进的动力学方程式:1Mt-Mlim-M0-1Mlim=kt。它能准确地描述CPP超声降解过程。用该方程拟合的聚合物超声降解数据,效果比文献提供的方程好。在超声降解过程中,随CPP浓度的增大极限分子量增大而降解速率常数则减小。     

超声/ H2O2工艺降解水溶液中甲醛的实验研究

研究了在超声／H2O2联合作用下，超声场中甲醛的降解过程，考察了超声时间、甲醛浓度、pH值、氧化剂H2O2的浓度等因素对降解率的影响．实验结果表明：甲醛的初始浓度与降解率基本成线性关系；pH值的变化对降解率影响较大，超声波／H2O2联合工艺与单独超声作用相比，降解率有了显著的提高，通常处理100min后，可以获得85％的降解率，其降解过程符合一级动力学方程．     

超声/Fenton试剂氧化耦合处理染料废水

采用超声/Fenton试剂氧化耦合的方法对模拟染料废水活性红2进行降解处理研究。实验结果表明,仅用超声处理降解率为5%左右,仅用Fenton试剂处理降解率为45%左右,而两者联合处理降解率可达90%以上。超声/Fenton试剂耦合法明显优于二者的简单叠加,此反应符合二级反应动力学方程。同时探讨了超声功率、溶液初始pH值、Fe2⁺和H₂O₂投加量等因素对活性红2降解的影响。结果表明,溶液pH值对降解率影响显著,低pH值有利于降解。降解率分别随超声功率和FeSO₄投加量的升高而升高,但当FeSO₄浓度大于0.045mmol/L时,降解率增大趋势不明显。而H₂O₂则存在一个最佳投加量。     

H_2O_2对4氯-酚辐射降解动力学的影响

研究了4-氯酚在60Coγ辐照以及γ辐照-H2O2联合作用下的降解反应动力学。通过分析4-氯酚辐照分解过程中总有机碳(TOC)、Cl-浓度的变化,探讨了H2O2对4-氯酚辐照分解反应动力学的影响。实验结果表明:γ辐照-H2O2联合技术显著提高了4-氯酚的脱氯率及TOC去除率,表明协同效应存在。单独辐照及其与H2O2协同作用下4-氯酚的降解均符合一级反应动力学,当H2O2质量浓度分别为175、35、0 mg.L-1时,反应速率常数依次为:0.447 3、0.398 1、0.180 9 h-1。4-氯酚在辐照降解过程中释放Cl-的反应较复杂,不属于简单级数的动力学反应。     

有机废水超声降解动力学的分析及应用

文章主要从动力学角度论述了超声波降解有机污染物的机理及其降解途径,分析影响有机物超声降解效果的基本因素,如粘度、表面张力系数、蒸汽压、温度、溶解气体、超声频率、声功率及pH等;并描述了超声波在水处理领域,特别是与传统生物处理法联用处理难降解、有毒有机废水方面的发展应用前景。     

超声波-光催化降解处理苯酚的实验研究

为了证明超声波-光催化氧化法处理水中的化学污染物的效果,通过光催化氧化法和超声波氧化法联合处理苯酚,对三种降解体系的降解效果做了比较,分析 pH、催化剂、时间等影响超声-光催化降解效率的因素,寻求超声波-光催化降解苯酚的适宜条件,研究结果表明:超声-光催化联合法比单一的超声波氧化法、光催化法降解率要高.在pH为6.0~7.0,催化剂的投加量为0.4 g,时间为2 h的条件下苯酚的降解效果最好.     

电子加速器辐照降解氯酚的研究

研究了高能电子束辐照降解2－氯酚（2－CP）、4－氯酚（4－CP）和2,4－二氯酚（2,4－DCP）的过程,测定了降解过程中的相关产物。实验表明高能电子束能够有效地降解2－氯酚、4－氯酚、2,4－二氯酚,降解过程符合一级动力学方程。同时,随辐照剂量的增大,水溶液的pH下降,氯离子浓度逐渐增高。在8kGy的辐照剂量下,2－氯酚、4－氯酚、2,4－二氯酚的降解率分别为97％、99％、100％;分别有67％、74％、57％的有机氯被转化为氯离子。     

Fe2O3掺杂TiO2催化超声降解甲基橙溶液的研究

采用实验室合成的Fe2O3掺杂TiO2作为催化剂，以甲基橙超声降解反应为模型，研究了各种因素对Fe2O3掺杂TiO2催化超声降解甲基橙的影响，研究表明在Fe2O3掺杂TiO2催化剂作用下超声降解甲基橙的效果非常明显，催化剂用量在0．3-0．5g／L之间，超声波频率25kHz，输出功率1．0W／cm^2，pH为1．0时，甲基橙水溶液初始浓度为20mg／L的条件下，90min左右基本可全部降解，COD的去除率也达到了99．0％，因此，Fe2O3掺杂TiO2催化超声降解有机污染物的方法具有很好的应用前景。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.