泸州医学院附属医院成功开展心脏移植动物实验

<正>泸医附院继成功开展肝、肾移植动物实验后,8月23日再次成功进行了第三次器官(心脏)移植动物实验。此次动物实验由泸州医学院党委书记廖斌教授带领的泸医附院心脏外科器官移植专家团队,在手术室、麻醉科等科室医护人员的密切配合下,经过5个多小时供体猪心脏的摘取、修剪等环节,成功将供体猪的心脏移植到受体猪体内,并使移植心脏恢复了良好的搏动,心脏移植动物实验取得圆满成功。     

猪心脏成功在狒狒体内跳动195天

正由于人体器官供应不足,心力衰竭等有器官移植需求的患者往往在漫长的等待过程中离开人世。因此,科学家们很早就开始研究异种移植(xenotransplantation)。一项于2018年12月5日发表在Nature上的研究显示,一只狒狒在移植了基因改造的猪心脏后成功存活了195天。这意味着在不     

人类有望2013年接受动物器官移植

<正>据英国媒体报道,人类器官短缺迫使科学家们不断探索如何使用人类基因培育转基因猪,并将这些长在猪身上的器官移植到人类身上,同时避免免疫系统排斥。现在科学家们宣称,人——猪器官移植有望在2013年实现。美国匹兹堡大学一个研究团队在《柳叶刀》杂志上发表论文预测":新一代转基因猪的培育,可能改善细胞和角膜异种移植的效果。我们认为,今后两到三年内就可以投入临床实验。"     

异种器官移植的研究进展

器官移植已成为许多终末期疾病首选的治疗方法。全世界至今接受心、肝、肾等移植者已达 6 0余万例。随着外科手术的成功 ,免疫抑制剂的不断发展 ,移植成功率的提高 ,出现了供体严重短缺现象 ,异种移植已成为研究的方向。目前 ,只有 1 2的患者有机会接受移植 ,大约有 1 5的患者在等待中死亡。等待器官移植时间越长 ,患者死亡机率越大。因此 ,供者器官来源不足严重困扰着器官移植手术的推广和应用。跨物种异种移植成为医学领域亟待解决的问题。1　异种移植的创立与发展1 1　动物器官移植的特点异种移植 (Ｘｅｎｏｔｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔａｔｉｏ…     

猪内源性逆转录病毒与异种移植安全性问题

异种移植是将动物的活细胞、组织或器官移植给其它种类受者,其临床应用可以有效缓解同种供体移植物短缺,治疗人类终末期疾病。猪来源方便,易于繁育,与人体解剖和生理有很高的相似性,可选择合适大小的器官,因此成为异种移植较好的供体源。猪胰岛细胞临床应用治疗胰岛素依赖型糖尿病[1]、猪肾体外灌注用于治疗肾衰[2]、猪生物人工肝用于治疗人肝坏死[3]、猪心瓣用于治疗人心脏病[4]、猪神经细胞用于治疗人帕金森病[5],这些尝试给异种移植带来希望。然而,异种移植面临三个主要障碍,即移植物进入受者体内引发的免疫排斥反应,包括超急性排斥反应…     

换个猪心?！——人体器官移植纵横谈

最近,国外科学家用转基因猪的心脏对动物做移植试验获得了成功。也许在不久的将来有可能实现用猪心置换人心。迄今,人体器官移植有了长足的发展,但也面临几个急需解决的问题。     

辽宁省器官移植重点实验室

“十五”期间,中国医科大学附属第一医院器官移植实验室在原有基础上进行改建,形成了移植ICU、移植外科、移植内科、移植实验室统一管理的模式。2002年被批准为辽宁省器官移植重点实验室、沈阳市多器官移植中心,成为国内大型综合器官移植中心之一。实验室现有研究人员22人,高级     

巴马香猪无细胞真皮与人无细胞真皮动物移植实验效果的比较

目的:比较辐照巴马香猪无细胞真皮与辐照人无细胞真皮移植动物实验效果.方法:以机械去表皮法制备无细胞真皮与人无细胞真皮辐照(剂量30 KGy)处理后移植于W istar大鼠全厚皮肤缺损创面进行比较.结果:辐照处理的巴马香猪无细胞真皮与人无细胞真皮在大鼠创面愈合过程相似,愈合后创面收缩率差异不显著.结论:辐照处理的巴马香猪无细胞真皮与辐照处理的人无细胞真皮移植于W istar大鼠全厚皮肤缺损创面恢复效果无显著差异,可作为人无细胞真皮的替代品进一步用于烧伤治疗的研究.     

现代生物技术在应用领域的研究动态

论述了用生物聚合物工程开发新型塑料、全新的鱼类生物工程研究、人体器官移植研究、仿生眼的研制以及用细胞移植代替器官移植研究的新进展。     

萧露露:器官移植患者的保护女神

随着科学技术日新月异的发展.人类已经可以象机器更换零件那样,更换病态的甚至坏死的人体组织器官。但是,在移植器官的过程中出现的排斥反应,使被移植的器官坏死并危及到受体的生命安全。排斥反应是器官移植的“超级杀手”,曾夺走了成千上万患者的生命。能否找到一种保护器官移植患者生命的方法呢?能!一位女性医学专家以她的科研成果作出了肯定的回答,她叫萧露露。广州血液中心器官移植配型中心主任萧露露和她的同     

Xenozoonoses in xenotransplantation

Pig to human xenotransplantation is one of the possible ways to solve the problem of organ shortage, but the potential risk of xenozoonoses hinders the progress of xenotransplantation. Among pathogens that might cause xenozoonoses, porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) is undoubtedly the most noticeable. Current researches show that PERV exists in pigs' genomes and is able to express in multiple tissues and organs in pigs. Other experiments also show that PERV could successfully infect several human cell lines in vitro and could infect SCID mice through pig to mouse islet transplantation. The discussion and research on the risk of PERV is one of the hottest topics in current xenotransplantation, but the question of whether PERV will transmit to human through xenotransplantation has not been answered due to the lack of suitable animal models. More work should be done to evaluate the risk of xenozoonoses caused by PERV after pig to human xenotransplantation.     

临床异种移植百年进展(述评)

美国最近连续报道4例基因工程猪供给人的异种器官移植，这些进展打破了异种移植临床研究领域近30年的沉静。尤其是实验性的猪心脏移植取得初步成功，引发了广泛的关注。异种移植面向未来的临床应用迈出了关键性一步。这4个案例，无论是创新精神、技术进步、审批流程，还是伦理学的同步跟进，都值得我国同行学习和借鉴。30年来，基因工程（GE）动物器官已经能在非人类灵长类动物（NHPs）模型中长时间存活。这些实验中，预存抗体、补体激活、凝血状态等机制参与的超急性排异反应基本上得到有效控制。异种移植已经达到临床应用的起跑点。然而，未来仍然有四大问题需要解决：免疫排斥、生物安全、跨种适配和伦理心理。本文简要概括临床异种移植百年来的主要进展，其困难程度可见一斑，但希望和探索从未终止。     

Identification of the candidate genes associated with cellular rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation

To identify the genes associated with cellular rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation, the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used in screening the up-regulated genes from a co-culture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and porcine vascular endothelial cell line PIEC. The up-regulated cDNAs were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector and then sequenced. Nucleic acid homology searches were performed using the BLAST program. A subtracted cDNA library including about 300 clones with the expected up-regulated genes was obtained. Twenty-four of these clones were analyzed by sequencing and homology comparison was made. These clones represent the genes of human perforin (PRF1), proteasome, lymphocyte specific interferon regulatory factor/interferon regulatory factor 4 (LSIRF/IRF 4), muscleblind-like (MBNL) protein and a porcine expressed sequence tag (EST) which has 81% homology with human oxidative-stress responsive 1 (OSR 1). These genes might be the candidate genes which are associated with cellular rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation.     

胚胎干细胞及其在人类疾病治疗中的应用

胚胎干细胞是一类多能性干细胞,近年来已成为生命科学研究领域的热点之一．尤其在人类疾病治疗方面有着诱人的应用前景．本文主要介绍了胚胎干细胞在几种疑难疾病治疗上的应用及其前景,胚胎干细胞与异种器官移植。以及目前存在的一些问题．     

Biotechnology: surrogate broodstock produces salmonids

A worldwide decline in the number of wild salmonids calls for strategies to restore endangered populations. Here we show that germ cells can be transplanted between two different salmonid species, with the subsequent production of xenogenic, donor-derived offspring. This pioneering xenotransplantation technology may eventually find applications in facilitating the production of commercially valuable fish, as well as in species conservation.     

人小细胞肺癌NCI-H446细胞裸鼠异种移植瘤模型的建立

目的　建立成瘤稳定、潜伏期短的人小细胞肺癌NCI_H4 4 6细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型。方法　初代移植后 ,通过皮下埋块法进行裸鼠体内连续传代移植 ,并对移植瘤的生长、组织形态和超微结构、染色体核型进行观察和检测。结果　通过连续传代移植建立了成瘤稳定、潜伏期短的人小细胞肺癌NCI_H4 4 6细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型。移植瘤的组织形态和超微结构特点符合NCI_H4 4 6细胞特点 ,染色体核型属人类染色体     

HLA－G inhibits xenogenetic cytotoxicity mediated by human NK cells and T lymphocytes against PECs

In order to investigate whether the non-classical HLA-G class I molecule protects the prcine endothelial cells(PECs)from the lysis mediated by human immune cells in pig to human discordant xenotransplantation,we have cloned HLA-G cDNA from a human placents by RT-PCR.Mammalian expression vector,pEFG-neo,was constructed by insertion of HLA-G cDNA in pEF-neo.We obtained efficiently expressed PECs by stable transfection.Cytotoxicity assay showed that overexpression of HLA-G on PECs was sufficient to inhibit human NK-92 cell lysis.The level of lysis was equal to or less than that of the lysis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells mediated by human NK-92 cells.It also indicated that HLA-G inhibited the lysis of PECs mediated by xeno-antigen specific T lymphocytes.The reduction of lysis ranged between 59.1% and 88.9A%.These findings suggest that the transgenic approach to overexpress HLA-G is believed to be a new immunotherapy in overconing the immune rejections in xenotransplantion,including delayed xenograft rejection and cell-mediated rejection.     

HLA-G inhibits xenogenetic cytotoxicity mediated by human NK cells and T lymphocytes against PECs

The worldwide shortage in the supply of human do-nor organs is becoming more and more pronounced. Xenotransplantation may probably give the hope to over-come the problem ultimately. Because it has a great pros-pect of clinical application, xenotransplantation has drawn great attention[1]. The pig appears to be an ideal source for human transplantation. But the xenograft has to face the challenge of three severe rejections (the hyperacute rejec-tion, the delayed xenograft rejection and acute ce…     

Cloned pigs derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos cultured in vitro at low oxygen tension

Great progress have been made in animal cloning in China, as evidenced by the live births of cloned cat- tle[1,2], goats[3,4], and sheep[5]. In contrast, pig cloning is still in its infancy though limited fundamental studieshave been conducted[6]. It is g…