PCNA基因在小鼠睾丸发育过程中的表达研究

为探讨PCNA基因在小鼠睾丸生后发育全过程中的表达规律,以16组出生后不同发育时期的昆明种正常小鼠睾丸组织为材料,在其石蜡组织切片上进行PCNA蛋白的免疫组化检测及PCNA基因的DNA-mRNA原位杂交检测.结果发现:PCNA蛋白仅在精原细胞及初级精母细胞中表达,其表达峰值出现在小鼠生后第11天;PCNA基因在初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、圆形精子细胞以及少数精原细胞中均有表达,其中初级精母细胞中的表达信号相对强烈.上述结果表明,PCNA基因参与了小鼠睾丸发育过程中精原细胞及初级精母细胞的DNA复制过程,其mRNA表达和蛋白质表达存在着一定差异.     

小鼠睾丸发育过程中Ki67蛋白的表达规律

为探讨Ki67蛋白在小鼠睾丸生后发育全过程中的时空表达规律,以20组处于不同发育阶段的昆明种正常小鼠睾丸组织为材料,在其石蜡组织切片上进行Ki67蛋白的免疫组织化学检测.结果发现:Ki67蛋白在生后1d直至58d的小鼠睾丸组织中均有表达,其表达部位集中于精原细胞和部分初级精母细胞,其中精原细胞中的表达相对强烈;其表达活跃时期出现于小鼠生后7~25 d.上述结果表明Ki67蛋白参与了小鼠睾丸正常发育过程中精原细胞的有丝分裂过程,可作为评估睾丸精原细胞增殖活性的指标之一.     

原癌基因类c-Myc蛋白在蟋蟀精子中的定位

目的检测黄脸油葫芦雄性个体精子发生过程中类c-Myc蛋白的表达。方法利用免疫组织化学的方法,对精子发生中类c-Myc表达进行定位。结果发现类c-Myc蛋白在精母细胞上为弱表达,精子细胞上有较高水平的表达,精原细胞及精子上没有表达。结论类c-Myc蛋白作为转录调节因子对于维持黄脸油葫芦精子的成熟过程起着十分重要的作用。     

小鼠睾丸TERT表达的增龄变化

应用免疫组织化学和图像分析方法研究了10,20,30,60,90天龄的小鼠睾丸不同分化类型生殖细胞中端粒酶催化亚基TERT的表达.结果发现在精子发生过程中精原细胞及成熟精子中均未见TERT阳性表达,而初级精母细胞尤其是粗线期精母细胞和精子细胞是高表达TERT的细胞类群,附睾管上皮细胞也呈TERT阳性表达;同时TERT在小鼠个体发育过程中的表达存在着从弱到强再到弱的动态变化趋势.结果表明TERT在小鼠睾丸中的表达特点与精子发生过程密切相关,可能对维持生殖细胞遗传物质的完整性和减数分裂的正常进行发挥着重要作用.     

黄犏牛与黄牛b-Boule基因编码区序列、结构、表达模式和睾丸组织表达水平的差异分析

Boule是动物精母细胞减数分裂过程中的必需蛋白,与精子发生减数分裂阻滞、雄性不育等密切相关.文中通过PCR扩增和克隆测序获得黄犏牛b-Boule基因的cDNA全序列,生物信息学分析发现黄犏牛b-Boule基因编码区全长885 bp,具有典型的RNA识别基序(RRM)和DAZ重复序列;与黄牛氨基酸序列的同源性为98.65%,仅在C-末端有4个氨基酸的差异,典型结构域的氨基酸序列和高级结构相同.RT-PCR发现b-Boule基因在黄牛和黄犏牛睾丸组织中特异表达,原位杂交显示b-Boule存在于初级精母细胞和次级精母细胞的细胞质中.荧光定量PCR发现黄牛睾丸组织中b-Boule基因表达水平显著高于黄犏牛(P<0.05),且黄犏牛精子发生减数分裂阻滞的表型与人、小鼠BDule基因表达缺失或降低引起的不育表型一致,因此推测b-Boule基因可能在精母细胞减数分裂过程中发挥重要作用,且与黄犏牛雄性不育有密切的关系.     

棕色田鼠睾丸和附睾胚后发育中的雌二醇表达

应用免疫组织化学方法研究了产后1日龄、10日龄、25日龄、45日龄及60日龄(成体)5个发育阶段的棕色田鼠(Microtus mandarinus)睾丸和附睾中雌二醇(estradiol,E2)的表达.结果表明:1日龄,睾丸生殖母细胞有E2阳性表达.10日龄,生殖母细胞E2表达减弱(P<0.05).25日龄,E2表达主要见于精子细胞.45日龄,精母细胞和精子细胞中有E2表达.60日龄,精原细胞、精母细胞、精子细胞及精子中均有E2表达,精母细胞和精子细胞表达较强,精原细胞表达较弱.在胚后发育过程中,1日龄和10日龄间质区细胞的E2表达最强,25日龄和45日龄E2表达减弱,60日龄E2表达最弱(P<0.05).1日龄至60日龄附睾上皮细胞和连接组织均有E2表达,60日龄附睾管内有大量精子,且有明显的E2表达.这些结果说明,棕色田鼠从出生到性成熟过程中,生殖细胞和间质细胞有E2生成.在精子发生的各阶段,雌激素通过其受体可能对生精细胞的分化和增殖有直接调控作用,对间质细胞的发育也存在着调节作用.同时,附睾的发育和精子的成熟也受到雌激素的调节.     

原癌基因与脊椎动物精子发生

综述了近年来原癌基因c-fos、c-jun、c-myc、c-mos、c-abl、c-kit、c-raf等在精子发生过程中不同时期表达及其作用的研究进展．c-fos、c-jun、c-myc在整个生精周期中均有表达，而c-mos、c-abl主要在成熟精子中有表达．同一种原癌基因在不同种动物生精周期的相同阶段表达也不尽相同．原癌基因调控精子发生的分子机制有待深入研究．     

花生凝集素受体在中华绒螯蟹生精细胞的分布

以中华绒螯蟹为材料,应用凝集素印迹法检测中华绒螯蟹生精细胞中的花生凝集素受体.以凝集素组织化学技术为手段,采用生物素标记的花生凝集素对中华绒螯蟹精子发生过程中花生凝集素受体进行了标记,研究精子发生过程中花生凝集素受体的分布特征.结果表明,中华绒螯蟹生精细胞中的花生凝集素受体的分子质量为72 ku;精子发生过程中,不同的生精细胞膜有不同程度的阳性标记.精原细胞质膜上有较强的阳性标记,呈深棕色;精母细胞的质膜阳性标记减少;精细胞与精母细胞染色程度相似.PNA受体在生精细胞中分布,可能与生殖细胞发育以及生殖细胞之间或者生殖细胞与体细胞之间的信息传递有关.精子质膜、顶体区域也有阳性标记,这可能与精卵识别及结合等受精过程息息相关.     

14-3-3及Bcl-2蛋白在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的通过检测14-3-3和Bcl-2蛋白在人脑胶质瘤中的表达情况,探讨其在胶质瘤发生、发展中的作用机制.方法采用免疫组化S-P法对5例正常脑组织标本和68例人脑胶质瘤标本进行14-3-3和Bcl-2蛋白检测.结果与正常脑组织比较,14-3-3蛋白在胶质瘤表达异常增强(P0.05);在不同病理分级中胶质瘤组织表达无统计学意义(P0.05),随着胶质瘤恶性程度的增加,14-3-3蛋白表达的强度和范围增加(P0.05).Bcl-2蛋白在不同级别的恶性胶质瘤中阳性表达率有差别(P0.05),且表达强度随着胶质瘤病理分级增高呈明显增高趋势.结论 14-3-3和Bcl-2蛋白对胶质瘤的恶性程度、肿瘤的病理分级有影响,可作为指导临床病理诊断及分级的参考指标.     

甲状腺癌组织中H-ras基因突变及蛋白表达的预后价值

对54例甲状腺癌标本分别用PCR-RFLP法检测H-ras基因第12位密码子的突变及免疫组化法检测p21ras蛋白,并用时序捡测分析ras基因突变和p21ras蛋白表达与甲状腺癌的关系.结果发现,甲状腺癌中18例(33.3%)有ras基因突变和49例(90.7%)有p21ras蛋白过度表达.临床分期晚、分化程度低的甲状腺癌突变率较高,具有H-ras原癌基因突变和p21ras蛋白阳性的病例有较高的复发率和死亡率.表明ras基因突变及其蛋白过度表达在甲状腺癌的发生和发展过程中发挥作用,是预后不良的标志.     

柏薏颗粒对高尿酸血症大鼠的初步药效学分析

针对高尿酸血症大鼠模型开展柏薏颗粒的初步药效学研究,探究其作用机制.将72只雄性大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、柏薏颗粒高、中、低剂量组及非布司他阳性对照组,采用氧嗪酸钾灌胃给药法建立高尿酸血症大鼠模型,连续给药治疗14 d,每天1次.采用酶联免疫吸附剂测定(ELISA)试剂盒测定血清尿酸(SUA)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)水平及肝脏黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)活性,并用免疫印迹法测定肾脏中有机阴离子转运体1(OAT1)及葡萄糖转运体9(GLUT9)的表达.结果表明:与模型组相比,柏薏颗粒可剂量依赖性地降低SUA水平、肝脏XOD活性及GLUT9蛋白表达,并上调OAT1蛋白表达,且高剂量组与非布司他作用相当(P>0.05);柏薏颗粒组与空白组大鼠血清中Cr和BUN浓度无显著性差异,表明柏薏颗粒无肾损伤;柏薏颗粒具有明显的降血尿酸作用,其机制可能与抑制XOD活性和肾脏GLUT9蛋白表达,并上调OAT1蛋白表达有关.     

常见肝癌细胞系的转铁蛋白受体表达差异分析及主动靶向载体效率比较

转铁蛋白受体1(transferrin receptor 1,TfR1)可介导细胞内吞过程,从而摄取与之特异结合的纳米颗粒,因此成为许多主动靶向型纳米载体的靶点。研究表明,肝癌细胞存在TfR1高表达现象,可作为肿瘤治疗纳米药物递送系统的关键性靶点。体外评价是TfR1靶向纳米载体的重要研究环节,然而肝癌细胞模型种类繁多,其TfR1表达水平可能存在一定差异。选择了几种常见的肝癌细胞系,包括HepG2、Hep3B、MHCC97-H以及Huh-1,分别从mRNA水平以及蛋白水平测定了细胞系TfR1的表达情况,考察了转铁蛋白(Tf)以及转铁蛋白核酸适配体(transferrin nucleic acid aptamer, Tf-APT)对不同细胞的亲和效率。同时,制备了包载紫杉醇的TfR1靶向脂质体,并考察其对不同细胞系的细胞生长抑制作用。结果表明,4种肝癌细胞系在mRNA水平以及蛋白水平均存在TfR1的表达差异;同时,体外抗肿瘤结果显示,不同肝癌细胞系对紫杉醇-TfR1靶向脂质体的敏感性也存在显著不同。     

Analysis of gene expression patterns with cDNA microarray during late stage of spermatogenesis in mice

The differentiation process of round spermatids to spermatozoa during the late stage of spermatogenesis is called spermiogenesis. To explore spermiogenesis-related genes, cDNA microarray was used to study expression patterns of 1176 genes in pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids and elongating spermatids of Balb/c mice. The results showed that 208 genes were detected in all the three cell types. Most of them were down-regulated from pachytene spermatocytes to round spermatids and elongating spermatids. However, up-regulation of 7 genes expression in round spermatids and 3 genes in elongating spermatids were found. Expression of 7 differentially expressed genes in cDNA arrays was further confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR study. The RT-PCR results indicated that the expression of 6 genes was consistent with that in cDNA arrays, only one gene did not show differential expression by RT-PCR. These results may provide important clues for studying of expression, regulation, and function of spermiogenesis-related genes.     

Cyclin B1、CDK1在肺癌中过表达及其意义

摘要：采用免疫组化ABC法检测12例肺癌组织、11例癌旁组织及3例正常肺组织中cyclin B1、CDK1蛋白的表达情况，以探讨细胞周期蛋白eyelin B1及细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶CDK1在不同肺癌组织中的异常表达及其临床意义。结果显示cyclin B1在正常肺组织、癌旁组织、癌组织中阳性率分别为0％、9．1％和50．0％，CDK1的阳性率则为0％、18.2％和75.0％，cyclin B1、CDK1在小细胞肺癌和鳞癌中存在广泛的过表达，而在大细胞肺癌中没有表达，并且在不同肿瘤亚型中表达也有差异性．     

不同语境下交流学习双方语言选择性注意水平的比较

研究创设不同交流情境,通过交流范式探查不同语境下交流学习双方语言选择性注意水平的差异,结果发现:①语言交流情境的语言选择性注意水平和指向性水平显著高于表情和对象可视的情境,这源于其高分组的更高水平,但是其高低分组间具有不平衡性; 3种语境下的变化特征不同;②语言选择性注意集中性水平在各情境下均随着交流进程而逐渐提高,但表情和对象可视的情境效率最高.研究证实,语言交流情境下语言加工程度更深,但交流双方的协调水平相对更低,对象共同可视并不促进交流语言的选择性注意,表情能够辅助语言交流.     

Haematopoietic stem cells adopt mature haematopoietic fates in ischaemic myocardium

Under conditions of tissue injury, myocardial replication and regeneration have been reported. A growing number of investigators have implicated adult bone marrow (BM) in this process, suggesting that marrow serves as a reservoir for cardiac precursor cells. It remains unclear which BM cell(s) can contribute to myocardium, and whether they do so by transdifferentiation or cell fusion. Here, we studied the ability of c-kit-enriched BM cells, Lin- c-kit+ BM cells and c-kit+ Thy1.1(lo) Lin- Sca-1+ long-term reconstituting haematopoietic stem cells to regenerate myocardium in an infarct model. Cells were isolated from transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and injected directly into ischaemic myocardium of wild-type mice. Abundant GFP+ cells were detected in the myocardium after 10 days, but by 30 days, few cells were detectable. These GFP+ cells did not express cardiac tissue-specific markers, but rather, most of them expressed the haematopoietic marker CD45 and myeloid marker Gr-1. We also studied the role of circulating cells in the repair of ischaemic myocardium using GFP+-GFP- parabiotic mice. Again, we found no evidence of myocardial regeneration from blood-borne partner-derived cells. Our data suggest that even in the microenvironment of the injured heart, c-kit-enriched BM cells, Lin- c-kit+ BM cells and c-kit+ Thy1.1(lo) Lin- Sca-1+ long-term reconstituting haematopoietic stem cells adopt only traditional haematopoietic fates.     

Ex vivo expansions and transplantations of mouse bone marrow－derived hematopoietic stem／progenitor cells

To examine the effects of co-culture with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on expansion of hematopoietic tem/progenitor cells and the capacities of rapid neutrophil engraftment and hematopoietic reconstitution of the expanded ells, we expanded mononuclear cells (MNCs) and CD34^ /c-kit^ cells from mouse bone marrow and transplanted the expanded cells into the irradiated mice. MNCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and CD34^ /c-kit^ cells were selected from MNCs by using MoFlo Cell Sorter. MNCs and CD34^ /c-kit^ cells were co-cultured with mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under a two-step expansion. The expanded cells were then transplanted into sublethally irradiated BDF 1 mice. Results showed that the co-culture with MSCs resulted in expansions of median total nucleated cells, CD34^ cells, GM-CFC and HPP-CFC respectively by 10.8-, 4.8-, 65.9- and 38.8-fold for the mononuclear cell culture, and respectively by 76.1-, 2.9-, 71.7- and 51.8-fold for the CD34^ /c-kit^ cell culture. The expanded cells could rapidly engraft in the sublethally irradiated mice and reconstitute their hematopoiesis. Co-cultures with MSCs in conjunction with two-step expansion increased expansions of total nucleated cells, GM-CFC and HPP-CFC, which led us to conclude MSCs may create favorable environment for expansions of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. The availability of increased numbers of expanded ceils by the co-culture with MSCs may result in more rapid engraftment ofneutrophils following infusion to transplant recipients.     

Testes and chromosomes in interspecific hybrids betweenHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner) andHelicoverpa assulta (Guenée)

The interspecific hybridization betweenHelicoverpa armigera females andHelicoverpa assulta males yieldedF ₁ hybrids (RS), fertile males and sterile individuals with abnormal genitals. The reverse hybridization betweenH. assulta females andH. armigera males yielded F₁ hybrids (SR)-fertile males and fertile females. The morphology of testes and the karyotype of chromosomes of larvae in the hybrids were investigated. Among the 2d old fifth-instar SR larvae, individuals without testes were fertile females and those with testes were fertile males. The length and breadth of testes between SR and parental species were not significantly different (p>0.05). Among the 2d old fifth-instar RS larvae, the testes were observed in all the individuals, but it could be classified into two types. The length and the breadth of testes in Type 1 larvae were not significantly different from those of their parental species (p>0.05), while those in Type 2 were significantly less than those of their parental species (p<0.01). Mitotic metaphase I of brain cells showed the diploid chromosomes number of both reciprocal hybrids was 2n=62, as many as their parents. The haploid number of 31 was confirmed by counts from spermatocytes at meiotic metaphase from SR male larvae and Type 1 larvae of RS. Meiosis was not observed in spermatocytes of Type 2 larvae of RS. Considering the characteristics of adult hybrids of RS, it was concluded that Type 1 individuals in RS were fertile and those of Type 2 were sterile. The sterility of Type 2 individuals in RS is attributed to the abnormity in development of testes and the failing meiosis of spermatocytes. As a result, the normal spermatozoon could not been produced.     

基于SSHC的三维地形多分辨率建模(英文)

针对应急灾情态势显示系统数据量庞大与数据更新迅速而造成模型数据量大、计算时间久的问题,提出了一种多分辨率三维地形建模方法。目的是使地形模型本身既满足视觉逼真度,又可以降低调用模型所耗的计算时间。为此,采用构建三维模型的分层递阶模型(hierarchical model,HM)的方法进行多分辨率建模。将用于遥感地物识别的基于尺度空间的层次聚类算法(scale-space based hierarchical clusteringalgorithm,SSHC)引入HM的构造过程,依据HM设置三维模型的各组节点,并与基于多边形优化的多细节层次(levels of detail,LOD)建模技术相结合构建大场景的三维地形模型.实验证明该方法可以实现符合视觉原理的由宏观到微观显示的同时降低地形模型的计算量,满足应急灾情态势显示的需要.     

5种细胞周期调控基因在小鼠生殖细胞发育过程中的表达研究

 以成熟(10周龄以上)的昆明种正常小鼠的精巢和卵巢为材料,利用地高辛标记的基因探针进行组织切片上的DNA-mRNA分子原位杂交,研究了PCNA,cdc2,cyclin D1,p2 1和 p16 5种细胞周期调控基因在生殖细胞发育过程中的表达.结果表明:PCNA基因在睾丸组织的精原细胞和精母细胞中有强杂交信号,而在雌性生殖细胞及滤泡细胞的发育过程都没有杂交信号;cyclin D1,cdc2,p2 1,p16基因在生殖细胞的发育过程中都没有,表明这些基因并没有参与小鼠生殖细胞的生长和分化调控.这些事实表明在生殖细胞发育过程中,控制细胞增殖和增殖抑制的基因与培养细胞有不同的机制,它们可能采用了不同的调控系统.