锂离子电池锡基合金及其复合物负极研究进展

综述锡基合金及其复合物负极材料的研究现状,概述了锂离子电池负极材料的开发历程及其发展趋势,介绍了各种锡基合金的结构、电化学性能及其主要制备方法,分析了各类锡基合金的优势及存在的问题,最后指出纳米合金复合物与三维纳米多孔集流体的组合是当前合金负极实际应用的发展方向。     

锂离子电池锑基负极材料的研究进展

综述了锂离子电池锑基负极材料——金属锑簿膜、锑基合金、锑基复合氧化物的研究进展，重点介绍了锑基合金材料的不同制备方法，并阐述了锑基负极材料的研究进展与开发前景。     

锂离子电池核壳G@Cu_(0.85)Sn_(0.15)@C负极材料的改性

针对锡负极材料充放电过程中的体积效应,综合采用组分改性与结构改性的研究方法,合成Cu_(0.85)Sn_(0.15)合金负极材料,研究Cu的掺入对Sn电化学稳定性的影响,同时基于优化改性的Cu_(0.85)Sn_(0.15)合金开展核壳结构设计,研究最佳核壳结构构造工艺.结果表明,掺入Cu能在一定程度上改善Sn的循环稳定性,Cu_(0.85)Sn_(0.15)样品的容量在60次循环后趋于稳定,库伦效率较高;核壳结构处理能大幅提升Cu_(0.85)Sn_(0.15)合金负极材料的循环稳定性,采用球形改性天然石墨作为内核的G@Cu_(0.85)Sn_(0.15)@C负极材料首次放电比容量接近800 m Ah/g,充电比容量最大值超过了500 m Ah/g,100次容量保持率大于85%.核壳结构能将Cu_(0.85)Sn_(0.15)合金的体积效应控制在"囚笼"式结构内,利于材料容量的发挥及循环稳定性的提升.核壳结构的可控制备对实现锡基合金负极材料的产业化具有重要的作用.     

高容量型锂离子电池硅基负极材料的研究进展

硅基负极材料由于其具有高容量而被广泛研究,该材料在充/放电过程中巨大的体积变化、低的循环寿命和初始库仑效率阻碍了其商业化应用. 本文分析了硅基负极材料的工作原理,回顾了其在脱/嵌锂过程中的晶体结构、表面/界面的变化以及提高其电化学性能的方法,讨论了锂离子电池硅基负极材料的前景.     

碳锡复合材料在锂离子电池负极中的应用

碳材料是目前广泛采用的负极材料,但是低电化学容量一直制约着锂离子电池的发展。锡基材料由于高电化学容量,是一种有巨大发展潜力的锂离子电池负极材料,但仍存在充放电过程中循环寿命差、材料体积变化大、易粉化等问题。因此,需要寻找一种可以结合两种材料优势的方法。简要介绍了碳基、锡基材料的发展现状及存在的问题,并简述了碳锡复合材料的研发方向及前景。     

锂离子电池核型G@Cu0.85Sn0.15@C负极材料的改性

针对锡负极材料充放电过程中的体积效应,本文综合采用组分改性与结构改性的研究方法,合成Sn-Cu合金负极材料,研究Cu的掺入对Sn电化学稳定性的影响,同时基于优化改性的Sn-Cu合金开展核壳结构设计,研究最佳核壳结构构造工艺。结果表明,掺入Cu能在一定程度上改善Sn的循环稳定性,Sn-Cu样品的容量在60周循环后趋于稳定,库伦效率较高;核壳结构处理能大幅提升Sn-Cu合金负极材料的循环稳定性,采用球形改性天然石墨(d50=15μm)作为内核的样品首次放电比容量接近800mAh/g,充电比容量最大值超过了500mAh/g,100周容量保持率大于85%,最佳的核壳结构构造工艺是使用片状石墨作为内核,内核粒径为d50=15μm,外壳厚度为柠檬酸裂解碳占复合材料质量比的20%。核壳结构能将Sn-Cu合金的体积效应控制在“囚笼”式结构内,利于材料容量的发挥及循环稳定性的提升。核壳结构的可控制备对实现锡基合金负极材料的产业化具有重要的作用。     

锂离子电池非碳负极材料的研究进展

分别对锡基负极材料、钛的复合氧化物，过渡金属氮化物及其它锂离子电池非碳负极材料的研究进行了阐述，并指出它们各自的特点。指出负极材料的研究与开发重点将朝着高比容量，高充放电效率，高循环性能以及低成本方向发展。     

磷酸锑负极材料离子热制备及其电化学性能

以开发高容量的负极材料为目的,以离子液体（[BMIM][PO₄]）为磷源,借助温和的离子热法制备出具有二维层状结构的球形磷酸锑微花状负极材料.此种材料表现出优越的储锂性能,电流密度为0.1 A/g时容量达303 mAh/g,库仑效率高达98%.     

具有纳米阵列结构的Cu_xO薄膜作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能研究

利用磁控溅射薄膜沉积技术设计制备了具有纳米阵列结构的3种(Cu O、Cu_4O_3、Cu_2O)铜氧化物薄膜,将其直接用作锂电池负极材料进行电化学性质的表征测量.经循环200次之后,结果发现CuO负极薄膜虽然在前50次经历了容量衰减,但之后保持有最高的比容量.在此基础上,将CuO负极薄膜与商业钴酸锂正极匹配制作出软包薄膜全电池,并对其性能进行了表征测试,为设计高容量全电池薄膜负极材料提供一个可行的方案.     

铁氧化物锂离子电池负极材料研究进展

铁氧化物锂离子电池负极材料具有比容量高、资源丰富、价格便宜和环境友好等优势,是目前高容量负极材料的研究热点之一.然而,铁氧化物负极材料巨大的体积效应、较差的循环性能以及大的首次可逆容量损失,影响了其在锂离子电池中的应用.目前研究最多的铁氧化物负极材料是α-Fe₂O₃和Fe₃O₄,理论容量分别为1007 mA·h·g^-1和924 mA·h·g^-1.关于其电化学性能的改进方法,包括制备不同形貌与尺寸的纳米结构材料以及铁氧化物/碳纳米复合材料.介绍了铁氧化物锂离子电池负极材料的储锂机理及其存在的问题,综述了各类铁氧化物负极材料的制备方法、影响因素及电化学性能,并对铁氧化物负极材料的进一步研究、发展应用予以展望.     

Influence of structure and atom sites on Sn-based anode materials for lithium ion batteries: a first-principle study

To understand the influence of structure and atom sites on the electrochemical properties of Sn-based anode materials,the lithium intercalation–deintercalation mechanisms into SnNi2Cu and SnNiCu2phases were studied using the first-principle plane wave pseudo-potential method.Calculation results showed that both SnNi2Cu and SnNiCu2were unsuitable anode materials for lithium ion batteries.The Sn-based anode structure related to the number of interstitial sites,theoretical specific capacity,and volume expansion ratio.Different atom sites led to different forces at interstitial sites,resulting in variations in formation energy,density of states,and hybrid orbital types.In order to validate the calculated model,the SnNi2Cu alloy anode material was synthesized through a chemical reduction-codeposition approach.Experimental results proved that the theoretical design was reasonable.Consequently,when selecting Snbased alloy anodes,attention should be paid to maximizing the number of interstitial sites and distributing atoms reasonably to minimize forces at these sites and facilitate the intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ion.     

LiCoO2的化学分解浸取过程

废旧锂离子电池中钴的含量较高．钴具有较强的毒性,且资源稀少．为此,研究了废旧锂离子电池的湿法回收工艺过程,并分析了废旧锂离子电池中钴和锂在硫酸溶液中的漫取过程动力学．采用了解体电池塑料外壳、钢壳、正负极材料、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)分离铝箔与正极活性材料以及硫酸浸取钴与锂的回收工艺．结果表明,铝片的回收率接近100％,钴和锂的浸取率均超过99．6％,同时分析了漫取过程中的工艺参数对钴和锂的漫取率的影响．     

Inorganic-Organic Composite Materials for Lithium Batteries

1 Results In order to develop high capacity anode materials for enhancing the performance of lithium-ion batteries,silicon (Si) and a variety of metals that alloy with lithium,such as Sn,Sb,and Al,were studied and found to be promising candidates as anode materials[1-4].Among them,Si appears to be the most attractive candidate due to its large theoretical lithium insertion capacity of 4 200 mAh g-1[1].Unfortunately,there is one severe problem with the application of Si anode,i.e., the large volume chang...     

纳米SnO2的制备及电化学性质

以无机盐为前体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米SnO₂粉体.用TG-DTA,XRD,SEM等对SnO₂粉末进行了表征.结果表明,采用该法经500 ℃热处理得到的SnO₂超细粉具有良好的四方结构,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径在92 nm左右.将该法制得的SnO2超细粉作为锂离子电池负极材料,可逆容量高达687　mAh·g^-1,而且嵌脱锂电压低(0.2～0.5 V),是一种很有潜力的锂离子电池负极材料.     

Facile synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles anchored on graphene sheets for enhanced performance of lithium ion battery

Recently, metal oxides as high capacity anode materials had been investigated for lithium ion batteries.However, the fast capacity fading upon cycling leaded poor durability, which hindered their application as higher energy density of lithium ion battery. In this paper, a nanostructured nanocomposite with graphene supported CoFe_2O_4 nanoparticles(NPs) was prepared via simple hydrothermal reaction. The uniform CoFe_2O_4 NPs were anchored on graphene sheets, which brought a good performance on cyclability. Combined with the optimization of graphene content, the anode delivered a better capacity retention of 944 m A h g~(-1)over 50 cycles at current density of 100 m A g~(-1)and the good reversible capacity as 990 m A h g~(-1)when the rate returned from 5 A g~(-1)to 0.1 A g~(-1)after 60 cycles. The present work provided a desired structure for conversion anode materials or other electrode materials of large volume change.     

MH/Ni电池正负极材料研究进展(II)--负极材料

MH/Ni电池是最重要的二次电池之一 .MH/Ni电池采用贮氢合金作为负极材料 ,材料与电池的性质密切相关 .本文评述了目前 MH/Ni电池所用贮氢合金负极材料的分类、制备以及研究现状     

Dead lithium phase investigation of Sn-Zn alloy as anode materials for lithium ion battery

In this work, based on First-principle plane wave pseudo-potential method, we have carried out an in-depth study on the possible dead lithium phase of Sn-Zn alloy as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Through investigation, we found that the phases Li_xSn₄Zn₄(x = 2, 4, 6, 8) contributed to reversible capacity, while the phases Li_xSn₄Zn_8−(x−4)(x = 4.74, 7.72) led to capacity loss due to high formation energy, namely, they were the dead lithium phases during the charge/discharge process. And we come up with a new idea that stable lithium alloy phase with high lithiation formation energy (dead lithium phase) can also result in high loss of active lithium ion, besides the traditional expression that the formation of solid electrolyte interface film leads to high capacity loss. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50771046), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 05200534), Key Projects of Guangdong Province and Guangzhou City (Grant Nos. 2006A10704003 and 2006Z3-D2031) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Project No. 20080440764)     

Sol-gel Method Synthesized Polyhedron SnO_2 Anode Material for Lithium Ion Battery

1 Introduction Tin-based oxides will be promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries due to its high specific capacity, low potential platform, and safety[1]. Many methods have been applied to synthesize SnO2 materials of different morphologies, such as chemical vapor deposition, spray, sol-gel method[2]. Triblock copolymer poly (ethylene oxide)-block-poly (propylene oxide)-block-poly (ethane oxide) (P123) has been used as surfactant to prepare nano-crystalline tin oxide particles[3]. In this pap...