广义相对论不可能描述太阳系行星椭圆轨道周期运动的严格证明——广义相对论关于光在球对称引力场中运动方程的解存在的错误

按照黎曼几何与广义相对论,粒子在引力场中自由降落时沿短程线运动。广义相对论采用弧长s作为变分参数建立短程线方程,得到粒子在球对称引力场的运动轨道。在太阳系弱引力场中做牛顿近似时,用到了弧长的近似条件ds=cdt。然而在引力场中这个近似条件是不合理的,它不但表示粒子静止,而且是静止在没有质量的自由空间中。本文证明,对于球对称引力场的施瓦西度规做正确的近似后,物体只能做抛物线运动(非周期运动),不可能做椭圆和双曲线轨道运动。为了避免近似计算的不确定性,本文进一步采用任意变分参数建立短程线方程,严格证明按照广义相对论,物体在太阳系弱引力场中只能做抛物线轨道运动,不可能做椭圆轨道运动。因此对于太阳系的行星轨道周期运动,广义相对论是无效的。本文还讨论了光在太阳引力场中的产生偏折的运动方程及其近似解。指出该解会导致自相矛盾的结果,因此它不是广义相对论运动方程的真正的解。原因在于爱因斯坦引力场方程是非线性的,其解不满足线性叠加原理,广义相对论关于光在太阳引力场中的偏折的计算与实际观察一致纯属歪打正着。本文同时证明,广义相对论对雷达波时间延迟实验的计算则是错误的,误差高达14.9%。因此广义相对论并没有得到实验的证实。爱因斯坦弯曲时空引力理论不可能成立,现代物理学的引力理论必须重建。     

球对称引力场的引力效应

从测地线方程出发,推导出球对称引力场中的物体运动微分方程,得出考虑引力效应的角功量定律、毕耐公式、万有引力定律以及Kepler定律,论论了广义相对论经典运动速度及环绕速度的修正,为广义相对论的实验验证提供了4项新方法。     

隐身的暗物质

<正>万有引力定律诞生后,科学家一直尝试用它来解释天体的运动规律。他们根据万有引力定律计算天王星的轨道位置,发现计算的结果却总是与实际观测的位置不相符。难道万有引力定律错了?人们百思不得其解。有科学家突然想到,也许存在一个未知天体,它产生的引力使天王星的轨道发生了偏离。经过计算研究和观测,科学家果真发现了一个新天体,它就是太阳系中的第八颗行星海王星。在茫茫宇宙中,天体相互作用,进行着各     

计算机数值方法证明广义相对论的行星运动理论不成立

广义相对论对牛顿引力理论进行修正,在光和行星的运动方程中引入α/r~3的项。由于数学上的困难,目前计算引力场中光和行星轨道运动时都采用近似方法,导致许多重要信息丢失。广义相对论运动方程的轨道极点由一元三次方程确定,有一个或三个实数解。外太空恒星发出的光在太阳系引力场中的轨道是单极点的。本文的严格计算证明,该极点在离太阳中心约5549米的地方。因此外太空恒星发出的光要进入太阳内部被消融,不可能被地球人观察到,地球的夜空应当是黑暗的。然而事实并非如此,广义相对论的光在太阳引力场中的两个实验检验都不成立。精确数值计算结果表明,行星绕日运动轨道存在三个实数极点,第三个极点位于太阳内部施瓦西半径外0.3毫米的地方。行星沿两个相连的三极点类椭圆的轨道运动。因此如果广义相对论正确,行星必将沿小椭圆轨道进入太阳内部被毁灭,这显然与事实不符。恒星在星系中运动时,也存在相同的问题。按照现有广义相对论行星运动方程的近似解,另外一种近似的替代图像是,水星不进入第三极点,但轨道要发生严重的形变。水星绕日一周近日点距离增加9.4万千米,远日点距离减小7.4万千米。水星绕日一周轨道的半正焦弦要改变几千米,这种改变是不对称的和可以累加的,会导致轨道严重变形最终崩溃。由此产生的巨大反差,使广义相对论关于水星近日点进动的计算变得微不足道。然而天文观察并没有发现水星轨道有这样大的改变。本文最后证明,在牛顿引力理论中考虑狭义相对论效应,会导致水星近日点百年16.5″的进动。需要解释的只剩百年26.5″,广义相对论百年43″的计算结果误差达到38.4%。如果在地球参考系的岁差和章动,以及其他行星对水星的引力摄动的计算中也考虑狭义相对论效应,还会引起更大的进动值修正。因此广义相对论对水星近日点进动的计算实际上没有意义。在广义相对论的四个经典实验检验中,与引力场方程有关的三个实验解释都是错的。因此对牛顿引力理论的修正只能按狭义相对论的方式进行,广义相对论对牛顿引力理论的修正不可能是正确的,爱因斯坦弯曲时空引力理论不成立。     

太阳系“新家谱”

一、行星成员包括水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星和海王星。定义:围绕太阳运转,自身引力足以克服其刚体力而使天体呈圆球状,并且能够清11除其轨道附近其他物体的天体。二、矮行星成员包括冥王星和谷神星等。定义:与行星同样具有足够的质量,呈圆球状,但不能清除其轨道附近其他物体的天体。三、太阳系小天体定义:围绕太阳运转但不符合行星和矮行星条件的物体。太阳系“新家谱”     

论牛顿的引力近距作用场思想

以《自然哲学之数学原理》为基础,研究了牛顿的万有引力观及其在“引力近距作用场”发现过程中的作用.认为在《自然哲学之数学原理》中,“运动力”就是施力物体施加于受力物体上的万有引力;“加速力”与今天物理学上所说的“引力场强”十分相似;“绝对力”是分布于中心物体中的“加速力”,相当于今天物理学中的“引力场强”.因此,牛顿关于万有引力的论述中蕴含着物理学早期近距作用场的思想萌芽.     

行星运动轨道方程与水星的近日点进动问题——基于牛顿引力理论与相对论动力学理论

为了深入探讨万有引力的性质，在经典的牛顿万有引力理论的基础之上，结合相对论动力学理论与等效原理，对牛顿的万有引力理论进行了适当推广，提出了一种修正的牛顿引力方程，然后利用推广的牛顿万有引力理论推导出行星运动的轨道方程与行星在近日点进动率的一般公式，且以水星近日点进动为例，验证了该推广的合理性.     

引力常数变化的地、月系统证据分析及天体膨胀和光谱的非宇宙学红移

依据基本的天体运动学定律,利用地、月轨道变化的生物钟数据及相关资料,经分析、推理,建立起了一个引力常数变化的模型.用此模型对地球、太阳系结构演化,以及光谱的非宇宙学红移进行了分析.并计算了地球、太阳系结构演化过程中的相关物理量;计算了木星相应年代的相关物理量.运用本模型,证明了引力常数减小既产生宇宙的膨胀运动,也产生了光谱的非宇宙学红移和宇宙学红移,光谱的实际红移是这2种红移综合作用的结果.解释了类星体现象.计算结果与实际观测所作对比表明,此模型与实际观测是基本相符的,确定了此模型的合理性.本文通过引力常数减小对天体运动所产生的重要作用,从一个新的角度论证了宇宙的结构和演化,以及宇宙结构的收敛性.     

引力场方程的新标架形式及定域化的引力场能量动量张量

本文通过引入标架空间定叉了引力场场强张量和引力场拉格朗日密度,根据最小作用量原理导出了引力场运动方程的一种新的半度规形式(或称标架形式)及具有标架空间和坐标空间的双重协变的引力场能量动量张量.我们用这种定域化的能量表达式和球对称真空外部场席瓦兹希德解(当β1+β2=0,B3=0时)计算出在r≥R区域中的球对称引力场的总能量为E=MC2 1-√1-2GM/C2R/1+√1-2GM/C2R.它把爱因斯坦引力理论作为一个特例(满足条件β1=β2=β3=0)包含其中,是对爱因斯坦度规引力理论的重大发展.本文通过求解球对称真空外部场解得到以下结论:满足条件β1+β2=0,β3=0时的球对称真空外部场解就是席瓦兹希德外部解,基于球对称真空外部场解的任何检验Einstein引力场方程的实验验证都无法确定Einstein引力场方程是唯一正确的.最后根据粒子在引力场中的运动方程确定了待定常数的值为β1=2β,β2=β3=0.本文得到的引力理论与平移引力理论具有相同的形式.本文建立的引力理论采用的几何是黎曼几何,没有采用平移引力理论中的weitzenbock几何,并且对其中的能量问题和待定常数问题作了更深入的讨论.     

引力场中的高斯定理在计算煤矸石重量方面的应用

文章根据引力场与静电场的相似性，提出了计算地球内质点所受引力的新方法，即引力场中的高斯定理．并利用此法计算了井下煤矸石的万有引力．     

水星近日点进动的建模与摄动解

针对水星近日点进动现象,结合广义相对论建立了奇摄动微分方程模型,并运用多重尺度法,求出了一般行星进动问题的摄动解,从而较好地解释了水星进动之谜和一般行星的进动问题     

Evidence for free precession in a pulsar

Pulsars are rotating neutron stars that produce lighthouse-like beams of radio emission from their magnetic poles. The observed pulse of emission enables their rotation rates to be measured with great precision. For some young pulsars, this provides a means of studying the interior structure of neutron stars. Most pulsars have stable pulse shapes, and slow down steadily (for example, see ref. 20). Here we report the discovery of long-term, highly periodic and correlated variations in both the pulse shape and the rate of slow-down of the pulsar PSR B1828-11. The variations are best described as harmonically related sinusoids, with periods of approximately 1,000, 500 and 250 days, probably resulting from precession of the spin axis caused by an asymmetry in the shape of the pulsar. This is difficult to understand theoretically, because torque-free precession of a solitary pulsar should be damped out by the vortices in its superfluid interior.     

Hippocampus-independent phase precession in entorhinal grid cells

Theta-phase precession in hippocampal place cells is one of the best-studied experimental models of temporal coding in the brain. Theta-phase precession is a change in spike timing in which the place cell fires at progressively earlier phases of the extracellular theta rhythm as the animal crosses the spatially restricted firing field of the neuron. Within individual theta cycles, this phase advance results in a compressed replication of the firing sequence of consecutively activated place cells along the animal's trajectory, at a timescale short enough to enable spike-time-dependent plasticity between neurons in different parts of the sequence. The neuronal circuitry required for phase precession has not yet been established. The fact that phase precession can be seen in hippocampal output stuctures such as the prefrontal cortex suggests either that efferent structures inherit the precession from the hippocampus or that it is generated locally in those structures. Here we show that phase precession is expressed independently of the hippocampus in spatially modulated grid cells in layer II of medial entorhinal cortex, one synapse upstream of the hippocampus. Phase precession is apparent in nearly all principal cells in layer II but only sparsely in layer III. The precession in layer II is not blocked by inactivation of the hippocampus, suggesting that the phase advance is generated in the grid cell network. The results point to possible mechanisms for grid formation and raise the possibility that hippocampal phase precession is inherited from entorhinal cortex.     

Combined obliquity and precession pacing of late Pleistocene deglaciations

Milankovitch proposed that Earth resides in an interglacial state when its spin axis both tilts to a high obliquity and precesses to align the Northern Hemisphere summer with Earth's nearest approach to the Sun. This general concept has been elaborated into hypotheses that precession, obliquity or combinations of both could pace deglaciations during the late Pleistocene. Earlier tests have shown that obliquity paces the late Pleistocene glacial cycles but have been inconclusive with regard to precession, whose shorter period of about 20,000 years makes phasing more sensitive to timing errors. No quantitative test has provided firm evidence for a dual effect. Here I show that both obliquity and precession pace late Pleistocene glacial cycles. Deficiencies in time control that have long stymied efforts to establish orbital effects on deglaciation are overcome using a new statistical test that focuses on maxima in orbital forcing. The results are fully consistent with Milankovitch's proposal but also admit the possibility that long Southern Hemisphere summers contribute to deglaciation.     

MJ＝0时的Larmor旋进与能级分裂

借助于LS耦合的矢量模型，通过PL、PS因Larmor旋进对原子在弱磁场中附加能量贡献的分析，给出了处在J≠0、MJ＝0状态的原子其附加运动与附加能量间“矛盾”的解释，并指出了“快旋进”在其中的影响。     

M1=O时的Larmor旋进与能级分裂

借助于LS耦合的矢量模型,通过PL、Ps因Larmor旋进对原子在弱磁场中附加能量贡献的分析,给出了处在J≠0、M1=0状态的原子其附加运动与附加能量同"矛盾”的解释,并指出了"快旋进”在其中的影响.     

Shear-induced molecular precession in a hexatic Langmuir monolayer

Liquid crystalline behaviour is generally limited to a select group of specially designed bulk substances. By contrast, it is a common feature of simple molecular monolayers and other quasi-two-dimensional systems, which often possess a type of in-plane ordering that results from unbinding of dislocations-a 'hexatic' liquid crystalline phase. The flow of monolayers is closely related to molecular transport in biological membranes, affects foam and emulsion stability and is relevant to microfluidics research. For liquid crystalline phases, it is important to understand the coupling of the molecular orientation to the flow. Orientationally ordered (nematic) phases in bulk liquid crystals exhibit 'shear aligning' or 'tumbling' behaviour under shear, and are described quantitatively by Leslie-Ericksen theory. For hexatic monolayers, the effects of flow have been inferred from textures of Langmuir-Blodgett films and directly observed at the macroscopic level. However, there is no accepted model of hexatic flow at the molecular level. Here we report observations of a hexatic Langmuir monolayer that reveal continuous, shear-induced molecular precession, interrupted by occasional jump discontinuities. Although superficially similar to tumbling in a bulk nematic phase, the kinematic details are quite different and provide a possible mechanism for domain coarsening and eventual molecular alignment in monolayers. We explain the precession and jumps within a quantitative framework that involves coupling of molecular orientation to the local molecular hexatic 'lattice', which is continuously deformed by shear.     

大幅度进动转子与位移限制器碰摩动力行为

为设计合适的位移限制器以限制转子的大幅度进动,需要研究作大幅度进动的转子与限制器碰摩时的动力行为。建立了大幅度进动转子与位移限制器碰摩的动力学运动方程,并用数值积分方法得到了碰摩过程非线性动力响应。分析中采用分段线弹性模型描述带有位移限制器对转子的弹性回复力。设计试验装置实现了激振转子作大幅度进动并与位移限制器碰撞、摩擦的试验。测试结果与理论分析吻合较好,表明采用的转子支承系统瞬态动力学模型及数值方法在分析碰摩转子非线性响应中的有效性。     

Effect of precession on the Asian summer monsoon evolution: A systematic review

Geological climatic records and model simulations on the Asian summer monsoon climate change induced by insolation forcing of the Earth＇s precession are systematically reviewed in this paper. The presentation of the questions on the mechanism of the Asian monsoon evolution at the precession band, currently existing debates and future research directions are discussed. Since the early 1980s, more and more observed evidence and simulated results, especially the absolute-dated stalagmite records and orbital-scale transient model runs in the last few years, have indicated that the quasi-20ka period in the Quaternary monsoon climate change is caused by precession. However, debates still exist on the dynamic mechanism how precession affects the Asian monsoon. The ＂zero phase＂ hypothesis says that the Asian monsoon is merely controlled by summer insolation in the Northern Hemisphere （NH） while the ＂latent heat＂ hypothesis emphasizes the dominant effect of latent heat transport from the Southern Hemisphere （SH） besides the role of the northern insolation. The two hypotheses have separately been supported by some evidence. Although we are cognizant of the importance of northern solar radiation and the remote effect of southern insolation, it has still a long way to go before comprehensively understanding the evolutionary mechanism of the Asian monsoon. In view of the problems existing in present researches of monsoon-dominated climate change at the precession scale, we propose that studies on the environmental significance of geological monsoon proxies, feedback processes in the long-term transient simulations and intercomparisons between observations and modeling results should be strengthened in the future.