减弱CO在Pd金属表面吸附的方案

对Pd原子采用相对论有效原子实势（RECP/SDD）,C、O原子采用6-311＋＋G^＊＊基函数,利用B3LYP方法计算了PdCO分子的微观结构以及不同温度下的热力学函数.以气态分子总能量中的振动能EV代替该分子处于固态时的振动能量,以电子运动和振动运动熵SEV代替分子处于固态的熵的近似方法,计算了不同温度下金属Pd与CO反应的两种可能产物Pd-CO（s）和Pd-OC（s）的ΔH^Θ、ΔS^Θ、ΔG^Θ及反应平衡压力,导出了反应平衡压力与温度的关系,证实CO吸附以C端接近Pd.比较Pd-CO（s）、PdH2（s）和PdN2（s）的Gibbs自由能ΔG^Θ,可得到在常压及298.15-898.15K温度条件下,吸附平衡压力pCOKp（H2）〉Kp（N2）,由此证实CO较易被金属Pd表面吸附.为了减弱钯合金膜对CO的吸附,提出加外电场改变CO分子的排列方向使O原子接近膜表面的方案.     

量热法测定氯化钴与2-氨基嘧啶配合物的生成焓

制备了2-氨基嘧啶(AP)与钴的配合物Co(AP)2Cl2,并对其组成进行了测定.采用具有恒温环境的溶解-反应量热计,分别测定了298.15K时[CoCl2?6H2O(s)+2AP(s)]和Co(AP)2Cl2(s)在100.00mL2mol?L-1HCl溶液中的溶解焓.通过设计热化学循环得到2-氨基嘧啶(AP)和氯化钴反应的反应焓?rHmΘ=48.81±0.61kJ.mol-1,进而计算出配合物Co(AP)2Cl2在298.15K时的标准摩尔生成焓为?fHmΘ[Co(AP)2Cl2,s,298.15K]=–443.41±3.46kJ.mol-1.     

Pd_3YH分子的结构和热力学函数

对钯和钇原子采用SDD基组,氢原子采用6-311++G**全电子基函数,利用B3LYP方法,得到了Pd3YH分子的基态具有C3V对称性,基态能量为-422.7675a.u..采用朱正和研究小组提出的气固反应热力学函数的近似计算方法,得到了Pd3Y合金吸氢反应1/2H2(g)+Pd3Y(s)=Pd3YH(s)在温度范围298.15~998.15K内Pd3YH(s)的生成热力学函数和Pd3Y合金氢化反应平衡压力.比较Pd3YH(s)、PdH(s)、PbPdH(s)和PdYH(s)的ΔGQ的大小,得到ΔGQPdH(s)ΔGQPbPdH(s)ΔGPQd3YH(s)ΔGPQdYH(s),这说明Pd3Y合金比PbPd合金和纯Pd对H2的吸附能力强,但比PdY合金要弱.     

三元配合物[Nd(C9H7O2)3(C12H8N2)]· H2O的热化学研究

目的制备三元配合物[Nd(C9H7O2)3(C12H8N2)]·H2O,并计算出其ΔfHΘm。方法在甲醇和无水乙醇溶液中由六水氯化钕、1,10-邻菲罗啉以及肉桂酸反应合成[Nd(C9H7O2)3(C12H8N2)]·H2O,并采用红外光谱对其表征。依照热力学原理和Hess定律设计热化学循环。在298.15K及常压下,利用恒温环境的微量热计测定六水氯化钕、1,10-邻菲罗啉、肉桂酸以及三元配合物在混合溶剂(体积比0.5mol/L HClO4∶DMF∶乙醇∶水=1.5∶2.0∶1.0∶1.0)中的溶解焓。结果与结论设计下列配位反应的热化学循环:NdCl3·6H2O(s)+3C9H8O2(s)+C12H8N2·H2O(s)=[Nd(C9H7O2)3(C12H8N2)]·H2O(s)+3HCl(l)+6H2O,求得了三元配合物[Nd(C9H7O2)3(C12H8N2)·H2O(s)]的标准摩尔生成焓:ΔfHΘm[[Nd(C9H7O2)3(C12H8N2)]·H2O(s),298.15K]=1 933.522±0.402kJ·mol-1。     

硝酸铽与丙氨酸配位反应的热化学研究

采用具有恒温环境的反应量热计,以溶解量热法,分别测定了298.15 K 时[Tb(NO3)3·6H2O(s)+4Ala(s)]和配合物Tb(Ala)4(NO3)3·H2O(s)在2 mol·L-1 HCl 溶液中的溶解焓.通过设计的热化学循环,可计算得到六水硝酸铽和丙氨酸配位反应的反应焓ΔrHθm(298.15 K)＝28.727 kJ·mol-1,并计算出配合物 Tb(Ala)4(NO3)3·H2O(s) 在298.15 K 时的标准生成焓ΔfHθm(298.15 K)＝-3 847.0 kJ·mol-1.测定了Tb(Ala)4(NO3)3·H2O(s)在水中的溶解焓,计算出配离子Tb(Ala)3+4(aq) 在298.15 K时的标准生成焓ΔfHθm[Tb(Ala) 3+4,aq,298.15 K]＝-2 973.5 kJ·mol-1.     

镧与8-羟基喹啉水杨酸配合物的热化学研究

目的:由七水氯化镧与水杨酸、8-羟基喹啉反应合成多元混合配合物,并测定该合成反应的标准摩尔反应焓以及配合物的标准摩尔生成焓。方法:应用溶解量热法分别测定了七水氯化镧、水杨酸、8-羟基喹啉和配合物在298.15 K、混合量热溶剂(VDMF:VEtOH:VHClO4=1:1:0.5)中的标准摩尔溶解焓。通过设计热化学循环,根据盖斯定律计算了合成反应的标准摩尔反应焓以及配合物的标准摩尔生成焓。结果:该配合物的化学式是La(C7H5O3)2?(C9H6NO)。各物质的溶解焓分别为△sH mΘ[LaCl3?7H2O(s),298.15 K]=-96.45±0.18 kJ·mol-1,△sH mΘ[2 C7H6O3(s),298.15 K]=14.99±0.17 kJ?mol-1,△sH mΘ[C9H7NO(s),298.15 K]=-3.86±0.06 kJ?mol-1及?sH mΘ[La(C7H5O3)2·(C9H6NO)(s),298.15 K]=-117.78±0.11 kJvmol-1。反应LaCl3?7H2O(s)+2C7H6O3(s)+C9H7NO(s)=La(C7H5O3)2·(C9H6NO)(s)+3HCl(g)+7H2O(l)的标准摩尔反应焓为91.57±0.33 kJ·mol-1。La(C7H5O3)2?(C9H7NO)(s)的标准摩尔生成焓为△fHmΘ[La(C7H5O3)2·(C9H6NO)(s),298.15 K]=-2076.5±3.9 kJ·mol-1。     

PbPd合金氢化反应分析

采用B3LYP方法,对钯和铅原子采用LANL2DZ收缩价基组,氢原子采用6-311++G**全电子基函数,得到了气态PbPd、PbPdH及H2分子的能量E、焓H和熵S.对于气固氢化反应1/2H2(g)+PbPd(s)=PbPdH(s),采用朱正和研究小组提出的气固反应热力学函数的近似计算方法,得到298.15～998.15 K温度范围内PbPdH(s)的生成热力学函数和PbPd合金氢化反应平衡压力,根据单点计算值拟合出反应平衡压力与温度的函数关系为logpH2=3.00-1.51×103/T.比较PbPdH(s)、PdH(s)和PdYH(s)的△Gθ的大小,得到△GθPdYH(s)△GθPbPdH(s)△GθPdH(s),这说明PbPd合金对H2的吸附能力比纯Pd要强,但比PdY合金要弱,因此在纯Pd中加入Y比加入Pb更有利于提高渗氢速率.     

量热法研究氯化钆与甘氨酸配位反应的热化学性质

应用具有恒温环境的反应量热计,分别测定了[GdCl3·6H2O(s)+3Gly(s)](Gly代表甘氨酸)和配合物Gd(Gly)3Cl3·3H2O(s)在2mol·L-1HCl溶液中的溶解焓.根据盖斯定律设计一个热化学循环,可计算得到六水氯化钆和甘氨酸配位反应的反应焓ΔrHmθ(298.15K)=-9.471kJ·mol-1,并估算出配合物Gd(Gly)3Cl3·3H2O(s)在298.15K时的标准生成焓ΔfHmθ(298.15K)=-3629.67kJ·mol-1.     

亚叶酸钙与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

利用等温滴定微量热法(ITC)、紫外吸收光谱法(UV)和圆二色谱法(CD)研究了亚叶酸钙(CaFL)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在缓冲溶液中的结合反应.热力学结果表明,BSA大分子上存在可结合FL2-阴离子的两类位点.当药物分子与二类结合位点相结合时,标准吉布斯自由能(ΔG°1和ΔG°2)的变化几乎是一样的,然而,标准焓变ΔH°1和ΔH°2分别是(29.76±0.50)kJ.mol-1和(-15.76±0.03)kJ.mol-1.第一类结合是熵驱动过程,而第二类结合则是以熵效应为主的熵焓协同驱动过程.光谱试验结果用于研究BSA-药物超分子体系在溶液中的结构,并且有利于理解热力学数据.     

Rb(NTO)·H2O和Cs(NTO)·H2O的标准生成焓和热力学性质

用Rb2CO3(或Cs2CO3)与NTO(3-硝基-1,2,4三唑-5酮,C2N4O3H2)的水溶液混合制备Rb(NTO)·H2O,Cs(NTO)·H2O.用量热法测定了在298.15 K时M(NTO)·H2O(M=Rb,Cs)在水中的溶解焓.(NTO)·H2O和Cs(NTO)·H2O的标准生成焓分别是(-587.57±2.12) kJ·mol-1和(-596.92±2.11) kJ·mol-1.还分别计算了它们的晶格能、晶格焓、脱水生成焓[(RbNTO,cr)是551.46、546.96、-428.33 kJ·mol-1,(CsNTO,cr)是526.31、521.31、-432.35 kJ·mol-1].计算得到Rb(NTO)·H2O和Cs(NTO)·H2O的标准脱水焓分别为(126.57±2.12)kJ·mol-1和(124.26±2.1)kJ·mol-1.并讨论了碱金属的NTO盐的生成焓之间的关系:从Li →K 的标准生成焓随离子半径增加而增大,但从K →Cs ,虽离子半径增加但标准生成焓几乎不变.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the