综合集成与知识科学

对以钱学森教授为主首创的处理开放复杂巨系统问题的方法——综合集成以及知识科学近年来的发展作一个简要的综述 .首先介绍了日益引起重视的知识科学 ,给出我们对知识科学的整体认识 ;接着介绍了国内外一些综合与集成方法 ,并介绍了作者根据近年来的研究而提出的综合集成知识系统 ,最后以可持续发展和宏观经济决策 2个案例来说明两者的结合 .     

意见综合——怎样达成共识

复杂系统问题的解决单靠数据、信息和模型是不够的，钱学森等提出综合集成方法要把专家、决策者的意见综合进去，然而，这些意见未必相同，因此要达成共识就有很多工作要做。本文从系统的角度探讨共识的定义、基本概念以及取得共识的过程、方法和工具。     

农业策划学的理论与方法

根据现代农业的特点，运用科学策划理论和方法，提出了农业策划学的学科构思。     

战略决策综合模拟引擎研究

按照战略决策模拟的特点，定义了综合模拟引擎的概念，在此基础上，提出了综合模拟引擎三层体系结构和两种工作模式。设计并实现了一个战略决策综合模拟引擎原型系统，通过战略行动规划工具和面向任务的仿真调度控制算法实现了各种XOD(X On Demand)服务的综合驱动：通过态势干预的方式，实现了综合各种XOD服务运算结果的多要素集成。     

新经济背景下企业竞争优势的培育:集成创新的观点

以构筑企业竞争优势为主线 ,从系统科学角度深入分析了企业赢得竞争优势的源泉 ,指出集成创新是新经济时代企业建立高层次竞争优势的源泉 ,并分析了集成创新的基本理论以及企业实现集成创新的途径     

《社会智能科学（SCIENCE OF SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE）》

从上世纪80年代钱学森先生提出思维科学研究后，长期以来他在形象思维与模式识别、认知科学与智能模拟以及系统科学与复杂性科学、综合集成方法论与综合集成研讨厅体系等诸多领域与作者进行研讨，在学术思想上给予指导，除了研讨会、工作班子会议外，彼此进行了长达20年的学术通信。这对作者运用学科交叉研究的观点，提出人机结合的智能科学及社会智能科学学术思想的形成起到了关键作用。     

群体思维收敛性定量验证

本文证明当专家数足够多的时候,加权几何平均综合判断矩阵与加权算术平均综合判断矩阵都依概率收敛到客观排序向量,从而从数学上解释和验证了群体思维具有收敛性,这对钱学森先生提出的综合集成研讨厅理论具有一定的理论价值.     

基于人-机-网络一体化的综合集成管理支持系统研究

以综合集成方法为指导,在提出面向复杂管理系统的综合集成管理思想的基础上,着重研究了采用以人为主导、人-机-网络一体化的技术路线,构建人-机-网络一体化支持系统以及系统的组成与结构、功能与技术内涵,并进一步探讨和建立了综合集成管理支持系统应用的概念框架.     

综合集成系统重构及宏观经济研究中的应用

在介绍了从定性到定量综合集成的特点以后介绍了其实现的方法之一－－综合集成系统重构分析，然后提出了用系统重构灵敏度分析处理专家意见不一致的情况，它可与专家对有关方面的熟悉程度、经验的可信度相结合进行研讨与综合，最后介绍了运用集成重构分析研究宏观经济预测研究的案例。     

综合交通枢纽虚拟企业化组织协商模式

交通运输业是一个集多种运输方式于一体的综合运输系统,其中综合交通枢纽的规划与管理是一个重要环节.运用系统工程和管理理论来研究我国综合交通枢纽的作业过程、信息共享和多组织的Agent代理管理,为综合交通枢纽采用虚拟企业化发展模式使综合交通枢纽向有序化发展提供一种尝试.     

“区块链+”商业模式的文献计量分析

"区块链+"商业模式赋能企业实践意义重大,但缺乏系统定量的综述指导.文章以国内外文献数据为来源,结合描述统计、合作分析、共现网络分析、聚类分析等路径,探索国内外研究现状和研究热点,挖掘未来研究走向和演化趋势.研究发现:1)国内外研究起步较晚,但研究态势喜人,国内研究独著现象明显,国外研究合作脉络深远;2)强调物联网、大数据等新兴技术的融合,有效赋能商业模式创新研究;3)国内外研究差异显著,国内聚焦金融领域研究,国外探索多行业商业模式创新和颠覆研究.最后构建了"区块链+"商业模式研究框架.文章的研究思路和结论对"区块链+"商业模式的学术研究和企业实践均有一定的启发性.     

Is Action Design Research Indeed Necessary? Analysis and Synergies Between Action Research and Design Science Research

Action research is one of the research methods that seeks to develop scientific knowledge while simultaneously acting to solve real problems. Design science and design science research are approaches that address problem-solving oriented researches, converging in this aspect with the objectives of action research. A significant part of the literature discusses action research and design science research separately. However, there are some early discussions regarding the similarities and the differences between these research methods. The objective of this study is to deepen an analysis that distinguishes action research, design science and design science research as research methods considering their convergences and divergences. This leads to the discussion of the need for a third method: action design research. This study was conducted based on a configurative systematic literature review. The analysis and the synthesis of literature took into account themes and content analyses. Some results could be observed. First, there is a significant number of similarities among these research methods; second, there are complementary and positive synergies in their use; and third, the concepts of artifact and classes of problems seem to contribute both to the proposition and to the evaluation of the results obtained by action research. Finally, it was possible to establish a set of possibilities for the use of action research and design science research in a combined manner. The limitations of this study have a theoretical nature. There is a need for a comparative analysis of the use of action research and design science research and the use of action research under the paradigm of design science.     

Application and transformation of action research in educational research and practice

This paper examines research and theory in the area Kurt Lewin called action research. Action research is collaborative, driven by a partnership between theorist/researchers and practitioners. It focuses on both theoretical and practical implications of issues. When viewed in the context of other work by Lewin, action research is seen as focusing on the social context of behaviors and on the dynamics of situations in which behaviors occur. Action research provides a versatile, potentially powerful approach for use in applied research on groups and group settings. Principles of action research, a tracing of the development of action research, and variations of action research approaches that have emerged in education are presented. Finally, two ongoing studies that exemplify action research are described.     

研发溢出、消费者低碳偏好与供应链横向研发策略

考虑两个制造商和单个零售商构成的供应链,面对具有低碳偏好的消费者,制造商主动实施减排研发、零售商分担制造商的研发成本,研究了研发成果溢出和消费者低碳偏好对制造商研发策略选择的影响。结果表明：当研发溢出率很低和消费者低碳偏好程度很高时,如果零售商能适当补偿制造商,制造商会选择研发竞争;当研发溢出率很低和消费者低碳偏好程度特别高时,制造商会选择研发合作;当研发溢出率和消费者低碳偏好程度均较高时,如果制造商能分享零售商的部分利润,制造商会选择研发合作;当研发溢出率较高和消费者低碳偏好程度非常高时,无需任何利益分享契约,制造商会选择研发合作。     

A Design View on Research in Social Sciences

Research in social sciences has not had the same impact as research in natural sciences and several authors are critical of social science research methods. In order to elucidate this problem, the author analyzes the purpose of research in general and in social sciences in particular. The author makes reference to various research methods that are suggested and used in social sciences. Social science research differs from research in natural sciences. It differs not only in being dependent on actions of human individuals but also because systems in social sciences are a complex mixture of Hard and Soft systems. The paper argues that research in Human Activity Systems should focus on design. This view changes the research perspective and the demands on the research methods to be used. The author suggests a method based on focusing decision settings combined with Action Research.     

中国金融系统工程:研究现状及未来发展

本文针对2010-2014年我国金融系统工程学科发展状况进行回顾和总结,在此基础上提出了未来学科发展趋势与对策.首先,本报告对金融系统学科研究对象和方法论进行界定;在此基础上,选取中文及英文国内外优秀期刊进行文献搜索,以此作为近5年金融系统工程学科取得科研成果依据.通过对成果进行汇总分析,得出国内外主要从事相关研究的科研机构、研究团队、主要发表期刊与基金支持机构情况.通过对期刊的布拉德福德检验以及作者发文数目的洛特卡检验,得出了金融系统工程在我国的研究现状.在文献检索基础上,通过文献阅读,将现有研究总结提炼为9个科学问题,以此来归纳过去5年中金融系统工程研究重点领域.以上述9个科学问题为基础,对国内外研究现状差异及进展进行对比.最后,本文结合最近5年金融系统工程领域研究发展进展及国内外金融形势,提出了金融系统工程研究发展的对策与建议.     

研发补贴、税收优惠及其组合对企业研发投入的影响——基于融资约束的视角

利用2008~2019年中国上市公司数据,借助倾向得分匹配模型,通过研究设计剔除混杂因素,从融资约束视角探讨研发补贴、税收优惠及其组合对企业研发投入的影响。研究显示,剔除混杂因素与不剔除混杂因素的结果之间存在显著差异,表明混杂因素的存在会导致研究结果有偏。剔除混杂因素后发现：当企业没有面临融资约束时,研发补贴或税收优惠对企业研发投入有显著促进作用;当企业面临融资约束时,研发补贴或税收优惠的创新促进作用难以有效发挥。但是当两种政策组合使用时,无论企业是否面临融资约束,政策组合均能显著促进企业提高研发投入。因此,政策组合相比单项政策对企业研发投入的影响更显著、稳定。研究结论不仅丰富了该领域的理论研究,而且对于中国相关政策组合的制定有重要借鉴意义。     

绿色生产研究进展与展望:基于文献计量分析

基于比较视角理清绿色生产研究的演变路径、研究框架及趋势,并形成值得中国发展借鉴的"技术路径"和"发展模式"具有重要价值.本研究运用Citespace和VOSviewer软件,对1985-2018年Web of Science和中国知网收录的1082篇国际学者发表的英文文献、1513篇中国学者发表的中英文文献所呈现的关键词、主题等进行对比分析,结果发现:1)从发文量看,国际与中国绿色生产研究的发文量呈逐年上升趋势,自2008年起,中国绿色生产研究的发文量和上升趋势显著高于国际绿色生产研究.2)从高频关键词看,国际绿色生产研究多与工业绩效、可持续发展相联系;中国绿色生产研究与精益生产、循环低碳发展联系紧密.3)从研究热点看,国际绿色生产研究关注的是宏观+微观角度下的环境污染物质、污染治理、行为与治理主体多元化.中国绿色生产研究关注的是宏观视角下的发展战略、生产方式优化和"工业-环境-政策"一体化.4)从高频关键词聚类看,国际和中国绿色生产研究均可以基于"个体-组织-社会"系统逻辑视角呈现聚焦主题.国际绿色生产研究的主题为个体绿色态度与行为、工业技术发展与生态共生、绿色生产与可持续发展、政府监督与政策引导.中国绿色生产研究的主题为个体绿色消费、企业管理与审核、绿色生产与可持续发展和环保机构及相关法规制定.最后,本研究分别提出国际与中国绿色生产研究未来展望,以期为绿色生产实践提供借鉴.     

The Pattern-matching Role of Systems Thinking in Improving Research Trustworthiness

This paper seeks to identify a new and useful role for systems thinking in improving qualitative research quality. Firstly, it reflects upon the main characteristics and difficulties of qualitative research. Secondly, it critically reviews some of the techniques suggested to improve research credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability. Thirdly, it explains the concept of pattern-matching and its role in designing case studies. Based on these, the paper examines the pattern-matching role of systems thinking in enhancing the trustworthiness of qualitative research. Finally, a case study is described to illustrate how pattern-matching is embedded in systems perspective to improve research trustworthiness. The paper highlights that when systems thinking is combined with pattern-matching properly in qualitative research, it can help the investigators to develop a fuller and richer understanding of a phenomenon, and can enable others interested in the research to recover how conclusions have been made and to make informed judgement about the research findings.     

Doing Action Research in One's Own Organization: An Ongoing Conversation Over Time

There are many variants of action research. This article describes a socioecological action research approach done from inside an organization-in-environments. Building on past discussions of action research, an inside-outsider action research model is presented, and using the author's own experience, the paper explores some special relations inherent in such a model. The paper starts with a brief outline of the theory, then discusses some of the structural relations of inside-outsider action research, some practical issues and then reports several vignettes as examples. The paper concludes that action research is still an evolving paradigm.