工程量清单投标报价实施中存在问题及报价技巧的探讨

陈述了工程量清单投标报价实施中存在问题,探讨了工程量清单投标报价的技巧,介绍了工程量清单投标报价的不平衡报价方法的经验.     

浅析工程量清单计价模式中几个概念的相互关系

本文从工程量清单计价模式中工程量清单、工程量清单计价、工程量清单报价三者的相互关系入手,认为三者是相互联系、不可分割的有机整体:工程量清单是工程量清单计价和工程量清单报价的基础,工程量清单计价是对工程量清单的应用,工程量清单报价又是工程量清单计价的应用。     

关于工程量清单报价招标工作的思考

本文说明了工程量清单报价招标的必要性,针对工程量清单报价在招标中存在的问题进行了探讨.     

关于工程量清单计价模式工程造价计价与控制问题的探讨

本文主要从一、工程量清单说明及工程量清单表;二、中标单位不平衡报价的调整;三、工程量清单计价模式项目结算咨询工作三方面阐述了工程量清单计价模式下工程计价与控制,并举例说明了工程量清单中不平衡报价给业主带来损失及调整万法,具有一定的实践指导意义.     

从工程招标的实践谈工程量清单报价

本文简述在工程量清单计价模式下在工程项目准备阶段,施工招投标阶段,以及工程量清单报价与预算报价的比较等重点,工程量清单报价实践中存在的问题。     

工程清单计价与传统报价模式比较研究

建设工程招标投标是国际市场中行之有效的工程项目承发包方式,这种承发包方式将市场竞争机制引入建设工程领域,达到资源最合理、最有效的配置.本文主要对工程量清单报价和传统报价进行了比较,提出工程量清单报价和传统报价,它们所反映的工程造价实质是一样的.工程量清单报价是建立在建筑产品市场定价模式上的最有效方式.二者在价格形成的指导思想、标评原则、计价模式等诸方面是有本质的区别.     

浅谈在招投标中工程量清单报价方法的优劣

分析了工程量清单计价方法的优劣,指出工程量清单报价方法在招标投标中存在的问题,并针对现行的工程量清单的计价方法提出了相关的改进措施.     

浅谈建筑招标工程中的工程量清单及工程量清单报价

工程量清单报价是国际上普遍采用的工程招投标方式,已有上百年历史,规章制度完善成熟。对建筑招标工程中工程量清单及工程量清单报价进行了探讨。     

浅谈工程量清单报价现阶段存在的主要问题

工程量清单报价是国际上普遍采用的工程招投标方式,已有上百年历史,规章制度完善成熟。目前在我国工程量清单报价算是一种新的计价方式,尚在起步阶段,工程量清单报价现阶段存在很多问题。本文在五个方面对目前我国工程量清单存在的问题进行了阐述,以供同业者共勉。     

目前我国铁路实行工程量清单报价存在的问题及对策

随着我国加入WTO,我国铁路工程招投标逐步适应国际工程管理的需要,实行工程量清单报价已势在必行.就当前我国铁路实行工程量清单报价存在的问题进行了剖析,针对这些问题,提出了相应对策.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the