谈谈连词and的用法

英语中的and是一个常见的连词,用来连接两个(或两个以上)并列的(即语法功能相同的)单词、短语或从句,常常可以译成汉语的“和”、“与”、“跟”、“同”、“及”等。有时也可以不译出,以连接部分的相互关系自然体现and的并列连接作用,如:ring out the old(year)and ring in the new(辞旧迎新)。 我们已经非常熟悉连词and的并列连接功能和用法,本文在这里不再赘述,只指出and的这些用法中一些需要注意的地方,以巩固和加深对并列连词and的认识理解。现举例一一说明如下: 一、and作为“并列连词”使用时需注意的几种情况 1.and用于三项以上的列举 and在这种用法里一般只出现在列举事物的最后两上词之间,其他列举词之词之前用逗号连接,如:John,Tom,Bill and Ted.(并     

“AND”表示的各种关系

“And”是使用频率最高的并列连词,连接两个或两个以上互不依从的相同句子成分(有时则是整句).现以复旦大学外文系所编文科教材第三册的课文为例,谈谈“and”所表示的各种关系:     

英语中的部分否定

英语在表达部分否定时,可用含有“部分”意义的词加上表示否定意义的词,以及用含有“整体”,“全部”意义的代词或副词与否定词连用等形式。否定词与“and”或“or”连接的两个并列词语连用时,可分别造成部分否定或全部否定,要慎重辨析其含义。     

对《定冠词“the”的基本用法》一文的看法

学报1979年第一期发表了米景沅同志的《定冠词“the”的基本用法》一文。该论文叙述的语法基本规则及例句,多半取材于当前在我国外语教育界最流行的一些语法著作及有关辞书和材料。该文行文较长,谈得较细,并且列举了不少搜集来的例句进行说明解释,费了一定的功夫,是值得称许的。但读后觉得存在一些问题,特提出来和作者研讨。(1) 论文(54页)有这样一个句子:“He made a comparison between the English and German language.”我们查问了张道真的《实用英语语法》,该书39页上写着:He made a comparison between the English and the German languages.论文作者把German之前的定冠词“the”去掉,似乎欠妥;张道真在同一页上说:“当并列两个名词前都应有定冠词时,一般不能省略。”language一词如用单数,那么并列的English和German前一般应有各自的定冠词,因为在这种情况     

AND的特殊含义及汉译

“and”是英语里一个极普通的并列连词,一般用来连接词与词、短语与短语、分句与分句或句子与句子,其基本含义是“和”“同”“以及”等。但是,根据上下文的具体内容或在特定的语境下,and 还有一些特殊的含义。本文拟就 and 的特殊含义及汉译进行探讨。一、表示时序:and 把连续发生的动作或事情按时间的先后顺序加以连接,这时 and 相当于 then。例如:     

Logic Reasoning

A teacher was giving her pu- pils a lesson on logic(逻辑)．“Here is the situation(情景),”she said,“a man is stand- ing up in a boat in the middle of a river,fishing．He loses his bal- ance(平衡),falls in,and begins splashing(泼水)and yelling(叫喊)for help．His wife hears the commotion(喧闹),knows that he can’t swim,and runs down to the bank (河岸)．Why did she run to the bank?” A girl raised her hand and asked,“To draw out(提取)all of his savings(存款)．”     

I am not asleep

When a group of women got on the bus,every seat was already occupied(占据)．The conductor noticed a man who seemed to be asleep,and feared he might miss his stop,he nudged(用肘轻推)him and said,“Wake up,sir!”“I am not asleep．”the man answered．“Not asleep?But you have your eyes closed．”“I know．I just hate to look at ladies standing up beside me in a crowded car．”     

并列句与中考“亲密接触”

一、并列句的构成由并列连词and,so,but,or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子叫做并列句。其结构一般是:简单句+并列连词+简单句。     

“而”字小议

古代汉语中的“而”字作为连词时,连接两个语言片断。所谓语言片断,是指以动词、形容词为中心的词、词组或分句。这两个语言片断可以是顺承关系,也可以是转折关系。所谓转折就是前项语言片断跟后项语言片断(在“而”字前边的语言片断叫前项语言片断,在“而”字后边的叫后项语言片断)意义相反、相对,后项语言片断不是顺着前项语言片断的意思说下去,而是转到另一方面上去。连接这种关系的“而”字叫     

论汉语"不A不B"式的结构和语义特点

汉语中的“不A不B“式是一种常见的格式,从结构上看,A、B可以表示事物的性质或状态,可以表示动作、行为、心理活动,可以表示普通事物或方位或表示的事物临时具有动态性质;AB可以成词(或语)或不成词(或语)。从语义上看,A、B可以是同义(或近义)、反义或类义;“不A“和“不B“可以是条件关系和并列关系两种。关键词:“不A不B“式;结构特点:语义特点     

汉译佛经并列连词"及以"略说

汉译佛经中有一个与中土文献不同的并列连词——“及以”。最早见于魏晋时期的译经中以连接名词及名词性短语是最常见的形式,也可连接动词和动词性短语,还可连接形容词。在组合功能上,“及以”可以与其他并列连词如“及”“并”“与”等构成“框架连词”使用。“及以”这个新的连词,很可能是因为句子节奏的要求,在单音节连词“及”的基础上产生的复音节词。     

汉译佛经并列连词“及以”略说

汉译佛经中有一个与中土文献不同的并列连词——“及以”。最早见于魏晋时期的译经中以连接名词及名词性短语是最常见的形式,也可连接动词和动词性短语,还可连接形容词。在组合功能上,“及以”可以与其他并列连词如“及”“并”“与”等构成“框架连词”使用。“及以”这个新的连词,很可能是因为句子节奏的要求,在单音节连词“及”的基础上产生的复音节词。     

帆船复兴

由于石油储量越来越少,原油价格昂贵,人们正在千方百计地利用各种能源来对付大自然的挑战。“马德”号风帆船就是利用取之不尽的风力的一种新尝试。法国水力技师戈歇最近发明一种实验性双体式风帆渔船,取名叫“马德”(Mad)号,意为“强有力”或“经得住”。它由两个并列的船身、两张帆和两架发动机组成。船身长     

Simulated and reconstructed winter temperature in the eastern China during the last millennium

Since the 1990s, under the auspicious impetus of two international research programs, the “Past Global Changes” (PAGES) and the “Climate Variability and Pre- dictability” (CLIVAR), massive research work has been carried out on climate and environment changes over the past 2000 years[1-3]. But majority of the studies has been centered on obtaining various kinds of climatic proxy data (such as historical documents, tree rings, ice cores, lake cores) and focused on the reconstruction of…     

英语中的“句子合并”

在英语中，并列句或复合句至少有两个分句（或两个主谓结构），这些分句都是有联系的：并列旬中分句之间为并列或平行关系，复合句中的分句之间为从属关系。反之，如果两个句子之间有联系，也可以将它们合并为并列句或复合句。     

细粒夹层对尾矿坝毛细带水分迁移的影响

Small-particle interlayers (lenticles) show some characteristic hydraulic properties and can affect the movement of unsaturated water. In this study, we developed a novel online capillary-water-absorption monitoring device and conducted three groups of comparison tests to simulate lenticle positions and thicknesses with respect to the capillary rise. The results show that the characteristic wetting front exhibits a fast rise in the early stage, a slow rise in the middle stage, and stability in the later stage. The motion of the capillary water in the lenticle is mainly transversal, with the upward curve being “flat,” and the longer is “flat,” the longer is the time needed for the water to move. The interlayer can form a capillary stagnation zone with moisture content close to saturation. The high interlayer may form a discontinuous corrugated capillary zone. Thus, when the wetting front reaches the “coarse-grain (lower)?fine-grain (upper)” interface, the “anti-capillary barrier effect” results in more moisture in the upper layer. Thus, when the wetting front of the capillary water reaches the “fine-grain (upper)?coarse-grain (lower)” interface, the “capillary barrier effect” causes the moisture content of the upper tailings to decreases sharply because of the horizontal movement of the water in the fine medium. It is clear that the presence of lenticles can retard the rise of capillary water by storing water.     

A Milestone in China’s Space History —The White Paper on China’s Space Activities

The white paper document titled“China’s Space Activities”,released in November２０００by the Information Office of the State Council,represents the first time for China to fully,systematically and publicly introduce to the world China’s space development strategy and concerned policies．Its release is a milestone event in the country’s space history,bearing great importance and profound influence to its future space efforts．The paper here describes the shaping processes of some important new ideas and concepts,including the connotative meaning of“space activities in a broad sense”and the roles and positions of different sectors in such activities．It also briefly discusses related policies concerning the country’s space development and short term concepts and plans on its civil space activities．     

“一方面……一方面”的组合功能

1.引言1.1 “一方面……一方面”是一对使用频率很高、用法灵活多变的关联短语。用来连接相关的事物或一个事物相关的两个方面,组合成为相关性的或对比性的联合整体,作各种结构成分。后一个“一方面”前边可以加“另”或“又”,说成“另一方     

An e?ective evolutionary algorithm for the multiple container packing problem

This paper focuses on a new optimization problem, which is called “The Multiple Container Packing Problem (MCPP)” and proposes a new evolutionary approach for it. The proposed evolutionary approach uses “Adaptive Link Adjustment Evolutionary Algorithm (ALA-EA)” as a basic framework and it incorporates a heuristic local improvement approach into ALA-EA. The first step of the local search algorithm is to raise empty space through the exchange among the packed items and then to improve the fitness value through packing unpacked items into the raised empty space. The second step is to exchange the packed items and the unpacked items one another toward improving the fitness value. The proposed algorithm is compared to the previous evolutionary approaches at the benchmark instances (with the same container capacity) and the modified benchmark instances (with different container capacity) and that the algorithm is proved to be superior to the previous evolutionary approaches in the solution quality.     

金文“于”并列连词用法辩正

“于”可以表示并列关系,早期辞书多有论及,然所举例子多只限于《尚书》.甲骨文中＂于＂有用为并列连词的,各家所举多有不同,然能确定的只有一例.甲、金文中又均有两个“于”连用于一句中的形式,过去多谓其中的后一个“于”为并列连词,但陆续有学者提出反对意见.本文通过对金文中＂于＂字的调查以及与“雩”的对比,认为金文中“于”没有并列连词用法.